IL-86 - a Airbus okunokwethenjelwa Soviet

IL-86 kwaba indiza ebanzi-umzimba lokuqala, ekhiqizwa e-USSR. ukubukeka kwakhe kwakubangelwa izidingo umgomo zezindiza. Linani selilonkhe lebantfu labange-106 izindiza, zazo ezintathu zazinikezwa China zavezwa phakathi nenkathi ukukhiqizwa. Ukuze IL-86 kungenzeka fly ezweni lonke, Eighties kwathiwa kabusha zezindiza eziningi ezikhumulweni zezindiza ezinkulu. Umsebenzi oyinhloko elanikelwa imodeli ndiza, kwaba ukuhlinzeka emoyeni ezokuthutha medium ububanzi. Ukuhlukaniswa izigaba ukuphuma kulolu hlobo izindiza yaqala ngo-2001.

IL-86 - kuba ezinkulu kakhulu Soviet ububanzi-umzimba airliner ne izinjini ezine. Ukuqala ukudalwa kungaba kubhekwe ngonyaka 1967 lapho kwanqunywa uMkhandlu woNgqongqoshe Ukulungiswa on ukuthuthukisa imishini enjalo. Ekuqaleni okunye IL-86 kungaba yesimanje Il-62 (ukwandiswa fuselage, emphemeni yesibili, okusaqanda cross-section), kodwa le ndlela akuzange wathola ukuthuthukiswa. Kutfutfukiswa imodeli ayisishiyagalombili yesithupha Ilyushin Design Bureau waqala 70s. indiza okokuqala wabona isibhakabhaka 22.12.1976, futhi ngo-June 1977-ke wabonisa umphakathi ngesikhathi show emoyeni e-Paris. Eyokuqala indiza airliner eyenziwe 1980. Ngokuhamba yonke inkathi ekusebenzeni kwendiza waqopha umlando emhlabeni-18 nemingcele ahlukahlukene. Ngaphezu onobuhle ukukhiqizwa, kufanele kwenziwe ibhodi esikhethekile uMongameli Russian kanye izindiza ezimbili Armed Forces Command. Omunye ukushintshwa liner kanye nesijobelelo "D" yaba isisekelo sezinguqulo ukudalwa imodeli elilandelayo - the Il-96. Ngo inqubo yokukhetha IL-86 scheme, izithombe zazo ziboniswa lapha wayezimisele nizkoplan ishanelwe iphiko kanye izinjini ezine ngokulinganisela dlula isilinganiso pylon ngaphansi kwelinye iphiko. Ukukhethwa ukusebenza sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza ka liner wawenziwa esekelwe izifundo eziyinkimbinkimbi theory kanye nama-zokuhlola, injongo kwaba ukuthola kudingekile zokulawula handling izici, ukuzinza, izakhiwo sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza.

The main izici lobuchwepheshe indiza imi kanje:

- zihlalo umthamo - abantu 350;

- namaphiko - 48 m;

- Ubude - 60 m;

- ukuphakama - 15.8 m;

- esiphezulu futhi sihamba ngesivinini - 970 kanye 950 km / h, ngokulandelana;

- ububanzi - ayizinkulungwane 4.6 km ;.

- ukusuka esiphezulu isisindo - 215 m (Asizange silinganiswe isisindo umthwalo indiza 117,5 t);

- petrol - 11.5 m / h.

Ochwepheshe bayavuma ukuthi IL-86 kungenziwa njengelinye lamazwe izindiza ephephe kunayo yonke emhlabeni. ezingeni layo eliphezulu ukuphepha nenduduzo, ukusebenza kanye manufacturability waqinisekisa izitifiketi 130. Liner izakhiwo ahlome navigation zakamuva nokulawula enikezela ikhono hhayi iqembu eziningi zabantu abathathu kalula ukufeza izindiza njalo nganoma isiphi isikhathi sosuku, unyaka kanye ezimweni ezahlukene zezulu. Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, kwaba omunye ukhululekile kakhulu izindiza ngokufanele kuhlelwe isikhala elingaphakathi. Ikakhulukazi, phakathi izici eziyisisekelo Kumele kuqashelwe izihlalo ukhululekile, umhlobiso zokuhlobisa futhi ingaphakathi, ukubekwa ngemphumelelo eziyinkimbinkimbi ithala-ekhishini, usayizi zeselula esifanele izinqola abezithumile inkonzo gumbi.