IbhizinisiUmkhakha

Steel R6M5: nezinhlamvu, isicelo

Ingxubevange elementi iqembu yesishiyagalombili Periodic uMendeleyev System of-athomu inombolo 26 (yensimbi) nabanye carbon nezinye izakhi evame ukubizwa ngokuthi steel. It has namandla high kanye ubulukhuni, sintula ductility futhi ubunzima ngenxa carbon. izakhi Alloying ukwandisa izici ezinhle ingxubevange. Nokho steel ubhekwa material metallic equkethe okungenani 45% yensimbi.

Cabanga ngalesi ingxubevange ezifana steel R6M5, hambani niyofunda ukuthi izici it has futhi lapho izindawo isetshenziswa.

Manganese njengoba isici alloying

Kwaze kwaba sekhulwini XIX ekwelapheni izinsimbi non-ayoni, nokhuni esetshenziswa carbon steel. Wakhe cutting izici ngoba lokhu ngempela ngokwanele. Nokho, uma ezama ukucubungula izingxenye ithuluzi lensimbi ashisise ngokushesha okukhulu uzokhathala ngisho sikhubazekile.

IsiZulu metallurgist Robert Myushett ngokusebenzisa ucwaningo lwathola ukuthi ukuze enze ingxubevange okuhlala isikhathi eside, kubalulekile ukuba wengeze i oxidant, okuzokwenza bamkhulule kusukela ngokweqile umoya-mpilo. Abalingisi steel Steel engeza yensimbi esibukweni, eyayinekheli manganese. Njengoba liyisici alloying, iphesenti layo kumele singeqi 0.8%. Ngakho, steel R6M5 liba 0.2% kuya 0.5% manganese.

tungsten yensimbi

Kakade 1858 lapho kuvezwa Alloys nge tungsten wasebenza ososayensi abaningi futhi metallurgists. Babazi ukuthi lo ingenye izinsimbi refractory kakhulu. Ukungeza ku-steel njengoba isici alloying uvunyelwe ukuthola i ingxubevange ezingase ukumelana amazinga aphakeme okushisa akusho zingagugi.

Steel R6M5 iqukethe 5.5-6.5% tungsten. Alloys elikuqukethe ngokuvamile aqala ngohlamvu "P" futhi zibizwa ngokuthi ngesivinini. Steel yaqale ibhalwe 1858 godu Myushettom equkethe 9% tungsten 2.5% manganese futhi 1.85 carbon. Kamuva, wengeza olunye 0.3% C, 0.4% Kr nokususa% MN 1.62, W 3,56%, metallurgist wathola ingxubevange ngokuthi Samokaev (P6M5). Ngokusho izici zayo, kubuye kube elifana steel P18.

nokuntuleka tungsten

Yiqiniso, ngawo-1860s, lapho eziningi izakhi yayiminingi egcwele, tungsten steel ne kwalokho ayebhekwa isikhathi eside kunazo zonke. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lesi sici ngokwemvelo is lincipha, kanye intengo lukhula.

Kusukela iphuzu kwezomnotho umbono ukuze ungeze semali W ku steel kwaba engeke asebenze. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, steel R6M5 uyawuthanda ukuthandwa okukhulu kunalokho P18. Ngemva kokubona chemical yabo ukwakheka, singabona ukuthi okuqukethwe tungsten e P18 - 17-18,5%, ngesikhathi, + njengasosukwini lokungivivinya ingxubevange tungsten-molybdenum - kuze kufike of 6.5%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ke samokale ukwethula kuze kube 0.25% yethusi kuze kufinyelele 5.3% molybdenum.

Okunye izakhi alloying

Ngaphezu okungenhla carbon, manganese, tungsten kanye molybdenum, steel R6M5 iqukethe ukubunjwa yayo ethi ayibe (0.5%), i-chromium (4.4%), i-copper (0.25%), vanadium (2.1%) phosphorus (0.03%), i-sulphur (0.025%), nickel (0.6%) silicon (0.5%). Kungani ababesidinga?

Ngamunye element alloying has lwenza umsebenzi walo ohlukile. Ngokwesibonelo, i-chromium iyadingeka ukuze kunenze nisondelane ezishisayo, futhi nickel kwandisa viscosity. Molybdenum futhi vanadium cishe ukuqeda brittleness ngemva tempering. Ezinye izakhi alloying enjalo ngcono izakhiwo steel njengoba ubulukhuni obomvu kanye ubulukhuni ashisayo.

Steel R6M5, izimfanelo okuyinto sitadisha, esimweni lukhuni has a nobulukhuni HRC 66 ezingeni lokushisa yokuhlola yama-600 ° C. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ngisho ne Ukushisa eqinile ke akaphelelwa izici zayo wamandla, Ngakho-ke, ingabe azigugi akusho deform.

ukuqokwa R6M5

Incazelo steel sincike kuyo yenziwa kanjani, okubandakanya izakhi alloying futhi iqukethe carbon kakhulu. Ukuze izinhlobo ezahlukene babe namagama abo. Uma, ukwenza isibonelo, ingxubevange iqukethe izinto alloying, it is ezikhonjiswe "Cm" futhi inombolo eduze okhombisa carbon okuqukethwe isilinganiso e steel (St20, St45).

I Alloys lokuqala ephansi elixutshiwe ngamaphesenti carbon, bese uhlamvu elisho izakhi zamakhemikhali (10HSND, 20HN4FA). Uma eduze kwabo, + njengasosukwini lokungivivinya Ngokwesibonelo, kukhona eziningi izibalo - kusho okuqukethwe ngamunye wabo ingeqi 1%. Le ncwadi "R" isitembu ingxubevange ibonisa ukuthi kuba HSS (okusheshayo).

Ngemuva ke kukhona inombolo - ngamaphesenti tungsten (ikhasi 9, P18), futhi eminye, izinhlamvu izibalo - iyona izakhi alloying nemaphesenti yabo. Kule kusobala ukuthi ngesivinini steel R6M5 iqukethe kuze kufinyelele 6% tungsten futhi kufika ku-5% molybdenum.

annealing

Njengomthetho, ukukhiqizwa ingxubevange enjalo zakudala kusetshenziswe kuwo wonke lezinsimbi ngesivinini. Nokho, kufanele sikhumbule ukuthi ukuze tungsten-molybdenum ingxubevange Bawulondoloza ngempela, okuqinile futhi isikhathi eside, kufanele annealed.

Uma abanye brand, isibonelo, ST45, ulahlekelwe ngamandla alo izakhiwo ngesikhathi annealing, high-speed, kunalokho, ayathuthuka futhi babe namandla futhi liqine futhi lisithinte ngokwengeziwe. Yingakho R6M5 annealed phambi lukhuni. Kwenzeka kanjani lokhu?

Qasha (isib sewebhu "steel R6M5") elingaba ngu-22 mm esithandweni ekhethekile uyabaselwa lokushisa 870 ° C ke selehlile 800 ° C, bese kushiswa futhi. Imijikelezo okunjalo kungaba-10.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kudingekile yesihlanu ukwehlisa izinga lokushisa kancane kancane. Ngokwesibonelo, kodwa futhi amalahle ukuba 850 ° C is selehlile 780 ° C. Nokunye aze afinyelele ezingeni 600 ° C.

isakhiwo annealing inqubo enjalo ngenxa yokubakhona nangangesihlabathi austenite e ingxubevange doped, okuyinto engathandeki kakhulu. Ukushisisa kanye nokupholisa ikhulisa ziyoncibilika izakhi alloying, kodwa austenite ngeke sikhule.

Uma kungenjalo ukumelana izinga lokushisa futhi enze annealing ezingeni lokushisa mkhulu kunezinhliziyo 900 ° C, kwakheka esengeziwe austenite is futhi nobulukhuni ingxubevange incipha. Cooling Kunconywa ukusebenzisa okugeza uwoyela, kuyoba ukugcina tungsten-molybdenum ingxubevange imifantu futhi nadkoly.

Indlela yokukhiqiza R6M5

Yiqiniso, njenganoma iyiphi enye ingxubevange, R6M5 ekhiqizwa lobehlukene. Yingakho kwezinye izitolo steel ashisayo-speed ziphonswe ingots. Ngesikhathi ezinye kukhiqizwe yokuqasha yayo ashisayo iphuma. Ukuze wenze lokhu, nemigoqo evuthayo crimped phakathi imiqulu esigayweni rolling. ifomu Its okutholakele kuzohambisana ukuma lapho imiphini ngokwabo.

Brand steel R6M5 kabanzi izingxenye ezisebenza ngamazinga ashisa kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, eminyakeni yamuva ngendlela ethandwa kakhulu yokwenza steel kuyinto powder.

Lapho ochithekile ashisayo ingots steel, kuyinto kwezulu ngokushesha kakhulu carbides kusukela ukuncibilika kwezinguzunga. Kwezinye izindawo, akha isifunda-non-iyunifomu yeqoqo, okuyinto esikhathini esizayo kuba lapho kwazalelwa imifantu.

Lapho womshini powder, powder ekhethekile, zonke izakhi ezidingekayo zikhona ukuthi ukwakheka. sintered yayo ekhethekile esitsheni cleaner nge lokushisa eliphezulu nokucindezelwa. Lokhu kunengxenye ekwenzeni iqiniso lokuthi impahla uphendulela eyohlobo.

isicelo

Steel R6M5 kabanzi zimboni. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa womshini ukusika namathuluzi turning, Milling futhi imishini imishini embonini. Lokhu kungenxa izici zayo wamandla, ukushisa ukumelana, ubulukhuni.

Njengomthetho, it is eyenziwe sokuzivivinya, ompompi, efa, bezihlahla. Ukuphuca ithuluzi lensimbi R6M5 kakhulu ukusika ngesivinini, ngaphezu, akudingi ifriji Gomel. R6M5 steel ummese - liphinde akuyona into engajwayelekile.

Njengoba tungsten-molybdenum ingxubevange has ubulukhuni okusezingeni eliphezulu futhi viscosity okusezingeni eliphezulu, ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa womshini izindwani nge izingalo eqinile futhi amaphethini amahle.

Alloying izakhi lemali edingekayo avunyelwe ukudala steel eyingqayizivele, okuyinto cishe akusho nokugqwala futhi has grindability ezinhle. Lokhu kuvumela umsebenzi amapayipi isivinini ahlabayo ukwanda ngamaphesenti izikhathi 4.

Iphinde isetshenziselwe ukwenziwa ukushisa ukumelana ibhola amabombo ukusebenza ngesivinini ezingeni lokushisa 500-600 ° C. Analogue R6M5 ingxubevange kukhona P12 R10K5F5, R14F4, R9K10, R6M3, R9F5, R9K5, R18F2, 6M5K5. Uma tungsten-molybdenum Alloys ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa yokukhiqiza yithuluzi roughing (sokuzivivinya, Milling bezihlahla), i-vanadium (R14F4) kokuphothula (shanela, Ukwethula). kumele ibe khona ngamunye ngethuluzi lokusika wokugubha kukuvumela ukwazi ukuthi wenza ingxubevange.

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