Uxhumano Unomphela: Ukwahlukanisa inqubo kanye

izakhi Dokha futhi izakhiwo zingahlukaniswa ngamaqembu amabili main: uxhumano detachable futhi unomphela. Lo mqeqeshi owake wapheka phakathi labo zingafundwa ngaphandle ngaphandle kokulimaza ubuqotho izakhi yasibamba ngqí. Lokhu nokubopha ne nati, amabhawodi, izikhonkwane, ngezikulufo, zonke ukuxhumana ngokubhanqwa wentambo ngaphandle kwalo. Omunye-ucezu kubhekwe ukuba labo lapho disassembly kufanele aphule fasteners.

Lezi zihlanganisa: ashiselwe, ethe njo, riveted, soldered futhi seaming. uxhumano lokuxhuma futhi unomphela kabanzi ezitshalwayo ezimbonini ezithile. Ngezansi, sibheka ngamunye izinhlobo kabanzi.

plug-in ukuxhumana

ukubulawa kwabo Drilling umgodi we ubukhulu lithé ukuba likhudlwana kune ilungu ukulungisa (nesikulufu noma umshudo). Lokhu kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi zombili izingxenye yayiqhutshelwa ndawonye izimbobo eqondile. Iphutha ku-offset we milimitha, ikakhulukazi izakhi ngenombolo enkulu fasteners. Lapho usebenzisa i-imishudo nezikulufi ukuzizuzela ngokuhlanganyela bethi ufake nut Washer.

Okokuqala ibekwe ngaphansi sesibili uxhumano esinqunyiwe, awusebenzi ukunikeza imininingwane spin. Kukhona indandatho entwasahlobo okuyinto sinamazinyo ezimbili abukhali. Bona-ke abuts ngokumelene workpiece kanye workpiece, kanjalo uvimbele ukudala ezinye i unwinding okuzenzakalelayo nut.

Izikulufu kokuqina izingxenye, ukusika imicu ngokwabo. Lapho nuts asetshenziswa kanye washers kungukuthi ezidingekayo. asetshenziswa Impumulo lapho exhunywe izingxenye okuqinile nezinye. It has a ngentambo both qeda, le preform ngaphansi it is yamba imbobo kunangendlela ubude we izikopelo ngentambo.

uxhumano unomphela

Ziyakwazi:

• ashiselwe;
• izipikili;
• solder;
• ingcina.

izinhlobo ezinjalo uxhumano unomphela isetshenzisiwe ezindaweni ezithile ukukhiqizwa. Ake sicabangele ngayinye yalezi zinkulumo ngokwehlukile.

Welding

A elibona nxazonke ukutholwa izibopho interatomic phakathi izingxenye izingxenye lapho Ukushisa ibizwa ngokuthi weld. uxhumano unomphela, weld eye eyenziwa kahle, ukufinyelela amandla adingekayo, ukunciphisa izindleko, futhi izingxenye isisindo.

Imithombo Ukushisa izakhi kungase kube:

• the slag elibunjiweyo;
• igesi ilangabi;
• arc;
• plasma;
• ugongolo laser.

Metal, okuyinto okumele ashiselwe, ucingo eziyisisekelo. Futhi lowo isetshenziswa okugeza - yamathebhu.
Uzungu, tack-ashiselwe ngale ndlela ibizwa ngokuthi weld.

Ukulungiselela uxhumano unomphela Ngakho zibe lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo:

• contact Welding;
• elektorodugovaya isandla;
• othomathikhi kwamanzi arc Welding futhi semi-automatic;
• arc.

I umphetho nalo ihlukaniswe yaba:

• Butt;
• baprofetha;
• ekhoneni;
• T-bar.

Noma yimaphi kula kungaba ngendlela eyodwa noma ezimbili-ndlela. Basuke ihlukaniswe discontinuous futhi okuqhubekayo. Kukhona umehluko ukuma cross-Sectional: umphetho evamile, ngilugweda noma convex.

izinzuzo:

1. Izindleko eliphansi ezifana uxhumano unomphela, ngenxa lula suture nezindleko ezincane zomsebenzi input.
2. Ungqimba incane uma iqhathaniswa nezinye izindlela.
3. Asikho isidingo ukwenza izimbobo engxenyeni enikeza amandla e cross-section yayo.
4. Automation yenqubo Welding kuhilela yobunzima.

nemibi:

1. Ukubukeka ngemva ukusonteka futhi warpage umsebenzi wenziwa, futhi okuvela ukucindezeleka asalile.
2. Braves kancane vibration futhi ukushaqeka.
3. Ubunzima ukulawula izinga.
4. I sikhathi izisebenzi ezazenza uxhumano unomphela izingxenye by Welding, kumelwe nakanjani ukudabula ukuqeqeshwa bese uqinisekisa ziqu zabo.

nokunamathisela ngomthofu

Imininingwane solder indlela brazing banamathele ukwethulwa metal ezengeziwe.
Kulokhu ukuncibilika lokushisa solder kumelwe ibe ngaphansi izingxenye wajoyina. Ngokusho lokhu umbandela solders ababonakali ngezikhundla:

• osobolegkoplavkie. Kudingekile lokushisa yabo ukuncibilika kuyinto 145 degrees;
• elithambile noma fusible. Umsebenzi Ukushisa akazidluli 450 degrees Celsius,
• meltability kanzima noma ophansi. lokushisa yabo ukuncibilika ungaphakathi uhla degrees kusuka 450 kuya 600;
• lokushisa eliphezulu noma kushisa. izinsimbi okunjalo ancibilike okushisa kuka-600 degrees Celsius.

solders

Njengoba bewa, kuncike ingxenye:

• ithini-lead (i-PIC);
• ithini (software);
• zinc (PC);
• esiliva (SEP);
• ithusi-zinc (PMC, zethusi).

Iningi imisebenzi phezu solder ekhiqizwa usebenzisa tin-lead impahla, umkhiqizo Pos. Njengomthetho, zikhishwa ngesimo izintambo, emapheshana noma izinti.

Ngaphambi evele solder bahlanza kahle. Lokho abazi oxidize, sebenzisa nokunamathisela ngomthofu ecucuza ekhethekile. Le into ingeyona i-nitrous futhi ehlanza ebusweni workpiece kunengxenye ekwenzeni ngcono ukusakazwa kwezindaba solder. A uhlobo oluthile a ecucuza efanelekayo lokushisa ethile ngenhla kulo iyeke isebenze futhi combusted.

isipikili

Le ngxube, okuyinto ukudala izinto ezikhethekile - izipikili. It has a stem futhi ikhanda. Inqubo yokuthola uxhumano unomphela kwenzeka ngenxa ukwakheka ngesikhathi komunye umkhawulo ingxenye ikhanda Sengiphetha, it is etholwe ukugxisha ekupheleni induku. Lo mklamo enza kungahambi ngenkathi elivaliwe sekupheleni. Akunakwenzeka ukuba offset izingxenye isihlobo komunye nomunye.

Isetshenziselwa ukulungisa izingxenye ukujiya amancane, ngokuvamile seshidi izinto, noma lapho ukusetshenziswa okushisa aphakeme Akwamukelekile ngenxa ukusonteka kungenzeka izingxenye. Lapho izipikili abasondelene, akha ngokuhlanganyela riveted.

izakhi Material kufanele zifane izingxenye abethela, kungenjalo kungenzeka ukugqwala kukagesi ngenxa umehluko ezishisayo ukunwetshwa okuza. isipikili amakhanda letiyindilinga, imfihlo, polupotaennye flat.

Okuhle

Izinzuzo enkompolo samanje:

1. Ongamelana esindayo vibration kanye nomthelela imithwalo ukuthi ngeke ngikwazi ukukhokhela Welding.
2. Izicelo zihlanganisa izinto ezingafaneleki ashiselwe noma inqubo lide kakhulu.
3. Ayikho ukusetshenziswa okushisa aphezulu lapho uxhumeke.

nebubi

Amaphuzu alandelayo kungase kuqashelwe phakathi kwabo:

1. ukusetshenziswa elikhulu lensimbi umsebenzi owawenziwa.
2. Ukwanda isisindo isakhiwo.
3. I okusezingeni eliphezulu zabasebenzi umfutho.
4. Manufacturability inqubo ongaphakeme.

ingcina

Ukuze uthole ukuthi kunokuhlobana okukhulu unomphela, kwanele ukuxhuma izingxenye nge ingcina. Isenzo kwenzeka kumiswa izibopho aphakathi ezingeni kobuso kunenze nisondelane ingxenye kanye ingcina ifilimu.

Isicelo sale ndlela ingatholakala izakhiwo ngezinto ezahlukene. Ukukhweza ngokusebenzisa ingcina isicelo ngisho ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho kanye zezindiza. I UKUQINA kwakwakhe okunjalo futhi izinga layo kuzoncika ukulungiswa evele izingxenye futhi uhlobo lomthwalo ukuthi uyokwenza kuzo. Kuyadingeka ukuba afeze yokuhlanza ezishelelayo kusuka ukugqwala futhi begcoba, ngemva endaweni ziphathwe lokukhuhla.

izingxenye ethe njo, lapho umthwalo uzothatha isinyathelo ukuze phuca noma twist akufanele kube endaweni encane yokuhlangana. Lokhu kuyophumela enkulumweni ukulahlekelwa amandla. Kungcono ukunamathisela izingxenye ukuthi angaphansi ukufuduka isihlobo ukulayisha nomunye noma eqine.

Izinzuzo indlela ingcina:

1. Ngakho kungenzeka ukuxhuma iyiphi preform futhi imiklamo, kungakhathaliseki isimo sabo, mass, noma impahla.
2. Ukumelana High ukugqwala.
3. Yobunzima, okuvumela ukuba sisebenze amapayipi.
4. It akakubangeli ukusonteka zezitho.
5. Ukucindezeleka lokuhlushwa awenziwanga.
6. ukusebenza Esinokwethenjelwa ngaphansi vibration imithwalo.
7. Izindleko eliphansi okudlekayo.
8. Yesigcilikisha uxhumano athishela kukhona ukwakhiwa hhayi ezisindayo.

nebubi:

1. amandla okuphansi, ikakhulukazi uma umthwalo ikhasi.
2. Fragility, ezinye izinhlobo anamathelayo aguge.
3. Ukumelana okuphansi ukuze ukushisa umthwalo.
4. Abaningi zezakhi zidlule kancane ijubane yesivalo phambi ukusebenza.
5. Okuphoqelekile izinyathelo zokuphepha.

Polyethylene-unomphela uxhumano Steel

Ukusetshenziswa kabanzi ngokujoyina ngamapayipi ensimbi futhi polyethylene yesimanje uxhumano unomphela etholwe polyethylene-steel.

It ikuvumela ukuba ngokuphepha seal phakathi plastic nensimbi amapayipi kanye ukusungula ukuqinisa ezidingekile ukuqunjelwa. Ikhishwa indinganiso oluthile ukukhiqiza isakhiwo nolimi esetshenziswa polyethylene amapayipi. steel lelungiselelwe uxhumano unomphela (PE-steel adaptha) by Welding ingxenye metal ne ipayipi polyethylene. Ukusebenzisa le ndlela kungaba njengoba ofeleba ku igesi namanzi amanethiwekhi main.

Okunjalo unomphela uxhumano amapayipi zixhunywe ukuze amapayipi nezindlu. Ungakwazi ngokuvamile uyobafuna boilers. Ukusetshenziswa ngamapayipi ensimbi esikhathini sethu ngokwethukela ngelinye Analogue polyethylene. Lokhu kungenxa inzuzo ezisobala amapayipi epulasitiki phezu kwensimbi. Ngakho-ke, bajwayele kaningi. uxhumano unomphela polyethylene-steel okunokwethenjelwa ukuze akudingi yesondlo ekhethekile.

ukufakwa kwalo senzeka ngqo phansi ngaphandle ukusetshenziswa imithombo. Ukufakwa wenziwa Welding noma ngesidunu thermistor. uxhumano polyethylene-unomphela kungenzeka steel ne emikhonweni yokugcizelela noma ngaphandle kwalo. Le ngxenye inikeza ikhono adaptha ukuze ukumelana nengcindezi enkulu nomthwalo okuqhubekayo 1 MPA. ngaphandle coupling adaptha asisakwazi ukumelana nokucindezelwa 0.6 MPA. kwakwakhe lensimbi polyethylene kungenzeka by intambo noma ngokusebenzisa Flanges ahlukahlukene.

Ngakho, sabuka izinhlobo ezinkulu compounds, amathuba abo kanye nobubi obuthile.