Imali kanye nenzuzo: yimuphi umehluko phakathi kwemibono emibili yezomnotho

Kunoma yisiphi isomabhizinisi, izinzuzo ezingenayo kanye nenzuzo yizona ezibaluleke kakhulu. Umthengisi ngamunye emakethe yokuncintisana ufuna ukukhulisa ukuhamba kwemali futhi athole imali engenayo, kodwa yini umehluko phakathi kwalezi zici ezimbili nokuthi ungafunda kanjani ukubala? Impendulo yale mibuzo ungafunda kulesi sihloko. Futhi ungafunda kabanzi ngencazelo yenzuzo nenzuzo.

Kuyini imali engenayo?

Njengoba iningi labasunguli bezocwaningo bezinguNgisi noma baseMelika, amagama amaningi kanye nezinhlamvu zabo zibhalwe ngesiNgisi. Imali engenayo iboniswa yinzuzo yemali, futhi ifomula isebenzisa imali engenayo ye-TR, noma "inzuzo yonke." Imali engenayo kanye nemali engenayo ngomqondo wezomnotho yizivumelwano.

Izinzuzo nezinzuzo zenhlangano zenziwa ngezindlela ezahlukene. Ukubala imali engenayo yenkampani, udinga ukwandisa inani lentengo ngayinye yokukhishwa ngokulingana kokukhipha. Emnothweni, leli fomula elula linalo okulandelayo:

• TR = P * Q.

Lapho imali engenayo ye-TR (inzuzo), P (kusukela entengo yamagama) - intengo yamanani, no-Q (quantaty) - inani lemikhiqizo ethengiswayo.

Isibonelo, uma isitolo sikhiqiza uhlobo olulodwa lwe-smartphone ngentengo yezingu-999 ze-ruble ngayinye, bese uthengisa ama-smartphones angu-100, uzothola inzuzo ye-ruble engu-99,900. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi le namba ibonakala ingabonakali kangakanani kumkhiqizi, kusheshe kakhulu ukujabula, ngoba imali engenayo kanye nenzuzo yimiqondo yezomnotho ehlukile.

Izindleko zenkampani

Inzuzo yincazelo eyisiqalo se-firm. Inzuzo ibalwa njengesilinganiso sokugcina senzuzo yokukhiqiza, kungaba yizimpahla noma amasevisi. Inzuzo ingaba ingaphansi kakhulu kunani lemali engenayo. Ukuze uyibale, kuyadingeka ukwethula umqondo wezindleko zokukhiqiza.

Izindleko zombono wezomnotho zichazwe izindleko zegama lesiNgisi, futhi ngokufomula ama-TC ambalwa (hhayi izindleko eziphelele) asetshenzisiwe. Kunezinhlobo eziningana zezindleko zokukhiqiza:

• Fix Izindleko (FC) - izindleko ezihleliwe (ezihleliwe). Izindleko ezinjalo zingasebenza njengengqashi ehlala njalo. Izindleko eziqhubekayo azixhomeki emthamo wemikhiqizo yenkampani.
• Izindleko eziguquguqukayo (VC) zindleko eziguquguqukayo. Lolu hlobo lwezindleko luhlukahluka kuye ngokuthi umthamo wokukhipha. Isibonelo, ukuthengwa kwezindwangu zokudalwa kwezimpahla zokugqoka - izindleko eziguquguqukayo ze-firm-studio.
• Izindleko eziphelele, ezakhiwe izindleko ezihlala njalo nezingaguquguquki - TC = FC + VC .

Inani lezindleko zokukhiqiza likuvumela ukuba uqonde ukuthi inzuzo ibhizinisi kangakanani. Kusobala ukuthi uma izindleko ziba yinzuzo engaphezulu - ibhizinisi kumele livaliwe.

Imali engenayo kanye nenzuzo: uyini umehluko?

Imiqondo emibili yezomnotho edinga ukucaciswa okwengeziwe iyinzuzo kanye nenzuzo. Ifomula yokubala imali yatholwa ngaphambilini. Ake sizame ukuthola ukuthi inzuzo iyini.

Inzuzo yezomnotho iyigugu ebonisa ukuthi imali eningi (umkhiqizi) uyayithola ngemuva kokwehlisa izindleko. Ukubalwa kwayo okufushane kungu- π (pi). Iformula yenzuzo kanje:

• N = TR-TC .

Lokhu kungukuthi, umehluko phakathi kwemali engenayo kanye nezindleko eziphelele.

Kukhona incazelo eyinkimbinkimbi ngokwengeziwe emnothweni - inzuzo enhle. Imali engenayo yenkampani ingahle ibalwe yiyo, lapho kubalwa njengenani lemali yezimali, eyinzuzo nokusebenza ngaphandle kwentela. Yilokho, futhi, TR kanye nokwehliswa kwentela.

Imali engenayo kanye nenzuzo -yini umehluko? Ungaqonda impendulo yalo mbuzo uma ugcina amafomu amabili engqondweni futhi uqaphele ngokucacile ukuthi umphumela wokugcina womsebenzi wezomnotho womkhiqizi emakethe uyinzuzo enenzuzo, kanti futhi imali engenayo ingumqondo oqukethe inani lazo zonke ezikhiqizwa (ezithengiswa emakethe ) Kwezimpahla.

Iyini inzuzo enhle?

Imiqondo emibili ibhekwe ngenhla: imali engenayo kanye nenzuzo. Uyini umehluko phakathi kwala magama amabili, sikwazi ukunquma ukusebenzisa amafomula angenhla. Kodwa ukuqonda ukuthi inzuzo enenzuzo yenzani kubalulekile nakubo bonke osomabhizinisi.

Ngakho-ke, inzuzo enethayo ivumela ukuqonda, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukumboza izindleko zesikhathi samanje nokusebenzisa imali etholakalayo yentuthuko yebhizinisi. Inzuzo enhle ivumela umenzi ukuthi abone njalo izinyathelo ezimbalwa ngaphambili futhi enze izinhlelo zokuthuthukiswa kwenkampani ezayo. Ngakho-ke, kunezindlela eziningana zokuthola inzuzo yenetha, kodwa okukhethwa kukho kuhlale kumlandela osomabhizinisi:

• Ukwakhiwa kwezimali - ukutshala izimali, ukuqoqwa, ukuphepha komphakathi nokunye;
• Imbuyiselo yezinzuzo;
• Imali eyinhloko ye-"Spare";
• Ukwandiswa kwenhloko-mgomo egunyaziwe (kulokhu, inzuzo enenzuzo kufanele ibe enkulu).

Indlela yokwandisa inzuzo enenzuzo

Imali engenayo kanye nenzuzo -yini umehluko? Lo mbono ubonakala ngokuqala osomabhizinisi akuyona into efanele. Abaqalayo emabhizinisini amancane banesithakazelo sokwandisa inzuzo enhle, ekubeni ngezikhundla zokuqala. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inkinga yokwandisa inzuzo enenetha iyakhathaza nabamabhizinisi abakhulu, ngoba le nqubo isenza sikwazi ukwandisa inhloko yethu egunyaziwe. Ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza kungaba indlela ebiza kakhulu, kodwa inzuzo enenzuzo izokwandiswa ngenxa yezindlela eziqinile zokuthuthukiswa komkhiqizo.