Imali yaseJapan: umlando wokuthuthukiswa kwemali

Njengoba wazi, kunezinhlobo eziningi zemali emhlabeni ngoba kunezizwe ezibusayo eMhlabeni. Futhi cishe bonke abantu ukubonakala kwemali yabo kuhambisane nezinguquko ezweni elinokubaluleka komlando. Iyunithi yezimali yaseJapane, eyavela phakathi nenkathi yezinguquko ze-epochal ezweni leRising Sun, akuyona into ehlukile.

I-yen ivele nini?

Uhlelo lwemali lwesizwe esiqhingini ngaphambi kwesikhathi saseMeiji lwaluyimpahla ehlukahlukene yezinto eziyigugu: kwakuyizikhwama zombili zamaphepha kanye nezinhlamvu zemali ezivela ezinhlobonhlobo eziyigugu (ithusi, isiliva negolide). Ezingeni elifanayo, izimpawu zikahulumeni eziphakathi kanye nemali yeziphathimandla ngabanye zisebenza ezingeni elilinganayo. Le ndlela yokusabalalisa imali yayinkimbinkimbi futhi yayibizwa ngokuthi "Zeni".

Iyunithi yesimanje yesimali yaseJapane yabonakala ngemuva kokushintsha izinguquko ezithile kuleli zwe ngesikhathi seMeji (ngo-1869). Khona-ke uhulumeni wamukela uhlelo lwemali olunenani lokubala, lapho i-yen eyodwa yayineminyaka eyi-100, futhi i-unit yezokugcina ingahlukaniswa ibe ngu-10 rin.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi imali yaseJapane ngesikhathi sokutholwa yayisiboshwe ngokushesha kwizinga legolide lezwe. Izinhlamvu zemali zokuqala ze-yen zazilingana no-15 mg wegolide, kanti isiliva yayisuka ku-24.3 g. Lezi zibonakaliso zasizungezile, ezahluke ngemali yangaphambilini (zaveza izinhlobo ezahlukene: i-square, oval, rectangular, njll), futhi ngenxa yalokho Igama elithi "yen" kusukela ku-hieroglyph 円 (nxazonke).

Inqubomgomo Yemali

Ngokusungulwa kwemali ejwayelekile, uhulumeni waseJapane wangena "ebhodini elihle", okwakubonisa ukuxhomekeka kwemali yayo engxenyeni yaseBrithani yomnotho wezwe. Ngomnyaka we-1933, iNarha yeLanga eliPhakamisako bekufuze lilahle izinga legolide, begodu ngemva kwalokho isilinganiso sokushintshanisa seyithonya isamba salesi sakhi esiyigugu, esasilungele i-unit yeJapan. Ekhulwini lama-40 leminyaka lama-20, isimo esingazinzile somnotho nezenzo zempi ensimini yaseChina kwaholela ekwehleni kokuqukethwe kwesici esihle kakhulu kusukela ku-15 mg kuya ku-2.9 mg. Ngenxa yalokho, uhulumeni wesifunda seziqhingi wanquma ukuziphendulela edoli laseMelika.

Ngo-1953 i-IMF yavuma ngokusemthethweni ukubaluleka kwe- currency yaseJapan, eyalingana ne-2.5 mg wegolide. Ngakho-ke, imali yezwe loMhlaba ophumayo yaqashelwa umphakathi womhlaba. Kancane kancane, i-yen yavuka, futhi yaba imali eguquguqukayo.

Ama-banknote

Izindlela zanamuhla zokukhokha eJapane ziyizinhlelo zamabandla angaba ngu-10 000 nezinhlamvu zezinhlelo ze-1, 10 no-50, kanye nezinkulungwane ezingu-100 no-500. Izimpawu ezincane zangaphambili ezikhona, njenge-rin ne-sen, zaqedwa. Uma umfundi enesithakazelo embuzweni wokuthi yiyiphi imali eJapane (okungukuthi, ukuthi ibheka kanjani), sizonikeza ulwazi olulandelayo.

Izindleko ezibiza ama-500, 100 no-50 yen zenziwe nge-nickel alloy, ngakwesokunene kwalezi zindinganiso ziyizimbali eziboniswa ngokukhethekile kubakhile bezwe (paulownia, sakura ne-chrysanthemum).

Izinhlamvu zezinhlamvu ezingu-10 no-5 zenziwe nge-bronze, futhi zihlotshiswe ngezithombe zendlu yaseBuddhist nendlebe yelayisi, ngokulandelana. I-yen eyi-1 isetshenziswa i-aluminium, uhlangothi olungaphambili luhlotshiswe ngophawu lwesithombo.

Amaphepha e-Paper aqukethe ama-portraits abantu abaluleke kakhulu eJapane. Lezi, njengombuso, izibalo ezitholile udumo emhlabeni jikelele emkhakheni wezincwadi, ukukhanyiswa nezinye izigaba. Isibonelo, i-1000 Yen ihlotshiswe ngesithombe sikaNatsume Soseki. Khumbula futhi ngegama lemali yaseJapane ohlelweni lwamakhodi asebhange - i-JPY.

Kuze kube manje, loluhlobo lwemali luye lwalahlekelwa isisindo emnothweni wezwe ngenxa yokuzamazama komhlaba okunamandla, okubangele ukulahlekelwa okukhulu, kanye nesimo esibucayi esiye sabhalwa emphakathini womhlaba. Kodwa-ke, i-yen iyaqhubeka isetshenziselwa ukuhwebelana kwamasheya, njengoba inesikhundla esiphezulu ngokuqhathaniswa nezinye zezimali.