Imelda Marcos: Biography nesithombe

Goddess wobulungisa Themis wanquma ziveza ngebhandeshi emehlweni akhe, kodwa lapho enendawo ukuze uthole endleleni ngezigidigidi zamaRandi dollar ukukhwabanisa, wayevame ezihlobene kakhulu futhi isandla. Leli qiniso nge konke ukukhanya kungase kutholakale Imelda Romualdez Marcos ─ umfelokazi umashiqela ongasekho ePhilippines. Yena nomyeni wakhe ngasekupheleni uFerdinand babesolwa ngokuchema kabi okungenani $ 10 bhiliyoni, ukuphanga, ukukhwabanisa ukukhokha intela. Ngokusho US umthetho, elalineziboshwa ukuzwa, Imelda ezisengozini iminyaka engu-50 ebhadla ejele, kodwa enkantolo safike ukhululiwe kuzo zonke izici.

indodakazi antule sikababa

Long ngaphambi kokuba e umbuso ngo-1986 uMongameli Philippine uFerdinand Marcos nomkakhe matasa eziningi okuthunyelwe ezisemqoka zikahulumeni, baphoqeleka ukuba babaleke ezweni ngaphansi kokuvinjelwa lwafikela incwadi eyabhalwa intatheli uCarmen Pedroza - "Indaba ezingenakulinganiswa Imelda Marcos" .

Umbhali ngempela engaqondile wathinta udaba olubucayi kakhulu, okuwukuthi ebuntwaneni, okuyinto unkosikazi umongameli BakaJehova eyayiqhutshelwa emzini wabazali bakhe, abantu, nakuba ayengafiki abampofu, kodwa ngokuvamile enikeziwe isikhathi esenza ifaneleke inhlebo eziningi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uyise Vicente Orestes kwakungezesizwana umndeni enethonya Filipino enamalungu labetibambile eziphakeme emphakathini, wajabulela idumela elibi kakhulu njengenhlangano isidakwa inveterate futhi osebenzisa imali. Lokhu bekayikosikazi lokuqala akazange avumele noma ubani ukuba ukhumbule.

Ngemva kokufa kumkakhe wokuqala kabaze baba lakho ukuma amahlazo njalo nokululazeka, uyise washesha ukushada namanje leya ntombazane encane kakhulu nesithupha, waba wezingane ezinhlanu, ngingowokuqala kwabo kwakukhona Imelda Marcos, ozalwa ngoJulayi 2, 1929. Sikhula, yena Ngokuvamile ngangilala igalaji ukubaleka lapho kusukela kuhlukunyezwa ukuthi yayiminingi ekhaya. On la makhasi, ebuntwaneni kuye, walala anamahlazo.

Ubuhle lokuqala Philippines

Ukudalelwa uye waba nomusa kakhulu kuye, ngesandla esivulekile walokho ubuhle, isiphiwo somculo, intelligence, okubaluleke kakhulu, ukuphikelela yensimbi ngempela. Konke lokhu izimfanelo baye bavumela intombazanyana ukuba babe ekugcineni yetinsita etshaya izingqondo ababephila ngesikhathi sakhe ngengcebo yakhe enkulu, umthombo ubugebengu lapho kuphela wawunika emehlweni abalandeli a piquancy ezithile.

Umama Imelda, kanye inkosikazi yokuqala kayise antule zidlulile ekuqaleni, kodwa sibonga ukunakekela indodakazi yakhe namanje ephethwe iziqu ekolishi emzini Tacloban, futhi iziqu ze-bachelor. Impumelelo kweqiniso ka Imelda nokuqala career brilliant ukuthi ngokuwina phezu wire ngo-1948 ubuhle umncintiswano lapho wafumana isihloko "Miss Philippines".

Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, umusa nobuhle osemusha waya zezombangazwe abaningi abavelele kanye nosomabhizinisi, kodwa wayazi ukubaluleka kwakhe futhi, njengoba umdlali kweqiniso, siyazise ngokuphelele isikhathi eside kangaka ikhadi lakhe trump ─ ubuntombi, okuyinto iSonto Manila zenani ngaphezu kwakho konke okunye. Egcwele ukuvelela Amazing kakhulu, Imelda wayelinde omunye umuntu enze akuyona wezivakashi Omuny fabulous ingcebo ukuthula futhi khezekheze. Futhi wayekade oyifunayo.

umashiqela esizayo

Indlu zezihlobo zenkosikazi e Manila zazivame ukuhanjwa abaholi party ubuzwe, okwenza kube, eqinisweni, futhi udondolo lwakhe. Ukuxhumana nabo, Imelda wafunda ukuzulazula ezihlukahlukene ukuphila kwawo ngokuqondene nezombusazwe yezwe. Ngo-1954, ngesikhathi omunye walabo emihlanganweni ngokwethukela, wahlangana umyeni ─ ilungu wakhe wesikhathi esizayo zeNdlu Philippine Congress, Ferdinandom Markosom, maduzane kwamenza ukunikezwa. Ngakho ubuhle abasha seyaziwa ngokuthi Imelda Marcos.

Isiqunto sakhe kwaba umuntu emangalisayo kakhulu, ngakho kuwufanele ubuka kabanzi. Wazalelwa ngo-1917 e ummeli umndeni, umkhuba edolobheni elincane, elise amakhilomitha 400 kusukela eManila, uFerdinand waphothula ekolishi, futhi, alandela ezinyathelweni zikayise, waba ummeli.

Nakuba kunjalo, ummeli wakhe okokuqala ithalente wabonisa ngendlela abathathela kakhulu. Iqiniso liwukuthi, ngo-1939, uMarcos phambi yonke shot Revolver abaphikisi zezombusazwe kayise, okuyiwona wagwetshwa udilikajele. Nokho, inqubo okuphindaphindiwe yena waqala azivikele, futhi ngakho deftly wahola idili, yena utholwe. Lokhu ngokushesha bamlethela amakhasimende enkulukazi.

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, ummeli abasha balwa Japanese ku kwababusi bempi yabashokobezi, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokuvumelana ofakazi bokuzibonela, wakwazi ukuvula ukukhwabanisa enkulu ngomgunyathi. Military esidlule futhi eziningi imiklomelo, ngoba ngenhlanhla, akazange abe imibhalo ezifanele premium avunyelwe uFerdinand ukwenza umsebenzi post-yimpi zezombusazwe futhi babe Congressman encane kunawo wonke waba lizwe.

Ngo-1965 - ngenxa lwango - waba umongameli 10 ePhilippines. Lokhu kunqoba kuyinto umashiqela esizayo, ukuthi baphanga eminyakeni wokubusa kwakhe, share sengonyama umcebo wezwe, iwine, Isimanga siwukuthi, ngaphansi banner siqinise impi yokulwa nenkohlakalo, okuyinto eyandulela wakhe okwakuhilelekile. Nokho, lezi zibonelo - akuyona into engavamile emlandweni wonke.

indiza ungena Iron Butterfly

Imelda Marcos, ogama isithombe ezinkathini ezihlukahlukene zokuphila enikezwa esihlokweni, futhi umyeni wakhe, uFerdinand ayikwazanga kangcono nomunye. Ibhizinisi lakhe acumen nokukhohlakala bodwa enkulu ekukhethweni kuka izindlela sigcwalisa kahle ubuhle nento ngumkayo. Le nhlanganisela amandla ezimbili - uFerdinand Marcos nomkakhe - edging out izimbangi, ekhuphukela phezulu zezombusazwe kanye zezimali Olympus.

Phakathi nokubusa kwakhe kweminyaka engu-amabili Imelda labetibambile eziningi ezidinga ukhiye. Ikakhulukazi, kube wukuthola ulwazi kanye Governor Manila, uNgqongqoshe, iLungu lePhalamende, futhi, ngaphezu, olingana Ambassador Olumangalisayo futhi Plenipotentiary igcwalisa izabelo ezibalulekile zamanxusa. Ngo-1975, uNkk Marcos wavakashela eSoviet Union futhi wamukelwa e-Kremlin, L. I. Brezhnevym. Ukuze ubuhle, ngokuhlanganisa ngayo uwuhlobo lomuntu okungavamile, Imelda Marcos yatholwa edume ngokuthi "Iron Butterfly".

Umholo etholwe abashadayo, kwaba sincane, kodwa nokho bona laphila okungavamile, ukuhumusha izigidi zamadola zabiwa njengemali aid abantu ePhilippines, akhawunti asebhange siqu e-Switzerland neRoma. Kwamenywa ejenti zezimali uthenge kubo ingcebo eYurophu nase Melika, okwenza aphume kuvamise phezu abantu phambili.

Ubushiqela wezempi esikhundleni sokubusa ngentando yeningi

Uma ekuqaleni wokubusa uMongameli 10th Philippines kungenziwa kwachazwa ngokuthi inkathi nenkululeko yeningi kuleli lizwe, ne isikhathi zonke ukuhaha okwandisa ombangela ushintsho inqubomgomo yasekhaya lapho emikhulu ngokukhwabanisa bophezela nga him nomkakhe Imelda Marcos, kungaba isihloko ukuvula ukugxekwa ahlale obala.

elandelayo ngokhetho ngo-1969, wathola incwadi, ifike asesebenzisa ukusabisa, ukufumbathisa nokukhwabanisa ekubaleni amavoti, kanye nentando yeningi ekugcineni wangcwatshwa engu-3, ngokufaka ubushiqela yezempi kuleli lizwe. Isizathu esisemthethweni salokhu kwaba kuhlaselwa omunye nezikhulu ezinezikhundla eziphezulu Marcos, okuyinto, ngokusho izintatheli eziningi kwakungagcini efanayo futhi okuhleliwe.

umthetho Martial elisungulwe lizwe, ephelezelwa yokucindezelwa okukhulu ngokumelene bonke labo ababebe nesibindi sokuba ukukhulisa izwi bekhalaza. Ejele ngaphandle kokugwetjwa zaziphonswa izinkulungwane ukuphikiswa-nomqondo basePhilippines, eziningi zazo Ngishoné ngokuphelele ku emigodini ye umashiqela wezimpi ezalandela.

I kwempahla ezweni lakubo

In parallel kokuqina umbuso kuleli zwe catastrophically falling emazingeni ekuphila izakhamuzi zakhona. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-Umcebo kazwelonke, kanye multi-abayizigidi ezingu-dollar amanani labelwe umphakathi wamazwe omhlaba futhi ngaphezu kwakho konke Melika ukuthi siphakamise umnotho Philippine, ngonya baphanga owakwakhe Marcos, kanye pack ezinganeliseki ezihlotsheni zabo ayephelezelwa, ngayinye obekukhona kuwo endaweni wokuxovela yomphakathi.

Lutho uyakwazi ngaphezulu ezonakalisa abantu njengoba amandla aphelele. Leli qiniso liye eside sekuyinsakavukela, isiqinisekiso nokho abaningi. Kulokhu, isibonelo esiyinhloko kungaba ngokwayo ukukhonza Imelda Marcos. Ngaphezu isabelomali, ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene ewela akhawunti yakhe yasebhange, ethola inzuzo enkulu kusukela kwabaneminyaka engamashumi amathathu mathupha eholwa corporations yayo phezulu umphakathi ukuthi uphathe njengoba awabo.

Kwaphela isikhathi eside omningi "omnyama imali" ezipakishiwe bathunyelwe kusukela lizwe. Esikalini lokweba kwesikhathi kungase kubonise iqiniso ezithakazelisayo eyasungulwa abaphenyi liwile wobushiqela. Uma Imelda Marcos wathumela ebhange Geneva amapotimende eziningi kangaka ngemali, kwafika incwadi yocingo enalo isicelo ukuze uhlale okwesikhashana, njengoba abasebenzi akakwazi ukubhekana design iminikelo.

"Buthaka Little" Nkosikazi Marcos

Konke lokhu akuvumelekile uvemvane Iron likapondo fabulous. Ngaphezu zokuhlala okunethezeka ePhilippines futhi kwadingeka eziningi ezibizayo ingcebo emazweni ahlukahlukene emhlabeni jikelele. Ngisho it is ukuthi wayenomkhuba isinyathelo esisodwa kusuka ukuthengwa edumile New York Empire State Building ─-World Trade Center, elise esiqhingini Manhattan eyaziwa. Wenqaba ukubhekana, nje Ngizwe endaweni ethile ukuthi sakhiwo yimikhuba kakhulu bokwakhiwa kwezindlu zayo.

Owaphenduka legend yezitolo grand, uhlele Imelda ngesikhathi uhambo wakhe phesheya. Njengoba izintambo ziyobe ziphethwe abaphenyi ithole idokhumenti ku 1970, owawuthi sithola usuku olulodwa nje wachitha ekhatsi Geneva, Iron Butterfly wakwazi ukuchitha angu-9 amakhilogremu. Ngemva kwenyanga, ngokuvakashela New York, wagqunywa ekhaya ukuthenga, okumenza kufanelekile ezintathu iziqukathi olwandle omkhulu.

Ikakhulukazi Kuyaphawuleka kukhona amagugu Imelda Marcos. Kubo wayengenayise inkanuko wathenga izinto eziningi kakhulu. Engingakusho nje ukuthi, ngaphezu ubucwebe igolide ne amadayimane kanye nezinye amatshe ayigugu, ezandleni abaphenyi ayengamaparele ayishumi eziningi kangaka amamaki aphakeme ukwedlula zonke ukuthi ongafeza indawo 38 square metres.

Njenganoma yimuphi owesifazane, umngane umashiqela Philippine walithanda izingubo ezinhle. Kodwa yena wathatha lobu bumnandi ngempela ifomu hypertrophic. Nesifenqo izicathulo steel Imelda Marcos, okwathi ngemva kwendiza yakhe ezivela ezweni 360 ngazimbili atholakele. Ngaphezu zokubhukuda kazwelonke, okuyinto zazimiswa siqu, ukukhonza studio wakhe kuphela, 160 igqoka kusuka ehola abaklami eziye zatholakala emakamelweni sigqoka wale ndawo main. Kuyaziwa ukuthi basondeze njalo izindiza olukhethekile izindiza.

Sekuyisikhathi eside kwaziwa ukuthi uHlelo abanikazi ngcebo esingenakulinganiswa, bathambekele ekuphelelweni umqondo yenani wangempela ngezinto zabo. Ubufakazi lokhu kungaba ubufakazi ejenti yokuthengisa, owayenikwe umsebenzi ukwenza iqoqo impahla kwesokunxele kumka-umashiqela wagudluzwa ngemva ukweqa kwakhe kuleli zwe.

Embikweni wakhe, ubhala mayelana crystal eziyigugu, izinsalela lapho atholakala phakathi umlotha eziko, imibhalo yesandla esiyingqayizivele kwekhulu XII, esakhiwe ngaphansi kubhayela umusi. esibukweni Antique, aluthola ngesikhathi endalini eParis futhi kanye kwakungekaNkulunkulu uLouis XIV, kwathiwa lihleli ngobugebengu phakathi egunjini. Yinqwaba lekhethelo amashidi, eyayihunyushwe wasebenza wonke workshop embroiderers, ukubola ekamelweni futhi wambozwa isikhunta. Iqoqo elikhulu izicathulo Imelda Marcos pylilos ku izikhala ezingenalutho wezigqoko.

Ukuwa umashiqela

Ngaleso sikhathi, isimo kuleli zwe is kancane kancane ukufuthelana. isikhundla neziwubala ka ingxenye eyinhloko izakhamuzi zakhona kuye kwaholela ezikhula unyaka lilinye kusukela indlala nezifo. Iziphathimandla wathatha akukho senzo, ukunakekela kuphela mayelana nendlela ukufihla isimo sangempela komphakathi womhlaba wonke.

ukuqhuma Social kwenzeka ngo-1983. Wakhonza njengephayona detonator ngecala lokubulala abuya ekuthunjweni, Umphikisi zezombusazwe zalo Marcos Sen. Ninoy Aquino. Naphezu isitatimende iziphathimandla ukuthi isisulu yayinenkululeko Communist ngatshala, bengakaze babekholelwa, nomfelokazi ngasekupheleni Korason Akino, sibambe ukunganeliseki esikhulayo ezweni, wakwazi ukuqala umbuso wezempi.

Futhi yena, njengoba sengike e-Washington, wanxusa uhulumeni wase-US ukuthi wagudluzwa umashiqela ebalulekile abonakele wosizi. Ngenxa yalokho, i-First Lady of the Philippines Imelda Marcos nomyeni wakhe base baphoqeleka ukuba babaleke ezweni, lapho phakathi nale minyaka engu-20 edlule ngoba ethathwa njengeSabatha fiefdom yakhe siqu.

Ihlazo ubulungisa American

Manje emuva phezulu sihloko bese uzama ukuthola ukuthi yini kuvinjelwe American Themis yokujezisa umkhaya zavorovavsheesya. Okokuqala, umashiqela yena akazange aphile isikhathi eside ukubona ekuqaleni inqubo, wafa 28 Septhemba 1989 ka isifo sezinso, ukuze impendulo kwadingeka ukugcina eyodwa kuphela Imelda Marcos.

Umlando kuyinto ngempela mnyama. Ngokusemthethweni wamemezela ukuthi wonke amacala akhe zehlulekile ngenxa yokwenqaba engasosebeni Swiss ukunikeza abashushisi ulwazi mayelana akhawunti okuqondene ke. Ngokulinganayo impendulo categorical bathuma Uhulumeni omusha of the Philippines, okuyinto eye laba yinhloko Korason Akino umfelokazi lephalamende ubulawa ─. Imelda Marcos ekudingisweni amacala 80 ezihlobene ngamacala ahlukahlukene kwezomnotho ziye sigcwalisiwe, kodwa akekho kubo kuholele ngokuqiniseka.

Isizathu okuyiwona ihhovisi lomshushisi zinhlanga ngokushesha kangaka ammangalele ezizathwini eziningi ezahlukene. Kodwa, noma kunjalo, Imelda Marcos (isithombe ngezansi) endaweni ngendelelo elunguze kubahluleli yakhe, wakhishwa phambili ngenxa yokuntula ubufakazi zonke izinsuku inqubo. Washiya enkantolo, eligoqiwe iminwe yakhe uphawu ukunqoba "Victoria" (isithombe ngenhla imibukiso).

Amazing

Imelda Marcos wawuneminyaka ngesikhashana esincane. Phakathi ukungabi kubaphathi kuleli zwe ngizile abafelokazi eziningi clan Aquino, kanye nabamele eziningana ebukhosini ubudala, limane lifakwe ngesikhathi emkhombeni. fighters Izolo sika yokulwa nenkohlakalo waqala liphindelela ngiwahlanganise yini azange abe nesikhathi loot Marcos. Ngenxa yalokho, abaningi nokuzisola waphuthuma saxosha ezivela ezweni ababusi babo bangaphambili.

Nge kwale mizwa, kuye kwathonya umphakathi ngo-1991, uhulumeni waphoqeleka ukuba uvumele ukubuya Imelda Marcos. Ngo Manila sezindiza yena kwamhlangabeza isixuku abalandeli bakhe, kusobala, owabona kuwo okubi ongaphansi ukuthi okumelelwe emandleni Korason Akino. Njengoba kungase kubonakale kungavamile, kodwa lapho efika ekhaya ngemva kokuhlubuka okuyihlazo kakhulu inkosikazi umashiqela eyayike sika wakwazi ukuqhubeka umsebenzi wakhe zezombusazwe. Yena ─ kathathu ngo-1995, 2010 no-2013 - wakhethwa ukuba Congress futhi waba ilungu the House of Abamele.

Phila namuhla, nakuba eminyakeni thatha yabo. Imelda Marcos, insizwa ukuba belle ePhilippines, kanti lapho esekhulile akalilahlile ingxenye enkulu charm ubudala. Uhlala endaweni ijwayelekile okunethezeka kwalo, futhi imibuzo yezintatheli ngekusasa 10 amaRandi, is engaziwa acwiliswe ekujuleni amabhange Swiss, kuphela obhekene ukumamatheka engaqondakali.