Dekabrist Muravev Nikita Mihaylovich: Biography

Nikita Muravev wayengomunye wabaholi ukunyakaza Decembrist. Wayengumuntu nombhali okusalungiswa umthethosisekelo lokuqala, futhi kancane ephethwe North umphakathi imfihlo. Phakathi kwavukelwa Petersburg Muraveva enhloko-dolobha wayengekho, kodwa wayesalokhu osolwa ngokubulala ukunyundela impimpi.

eminyakeni yokuqala

Ikusasa Decembrist Muravev Nikita wazalwa ngoJulayi 30, 1795 Petersburg. Yena uvela emkhayeni ovelele. Uyise, Mihail Muravev - lephalamende, trustee YaseMoscow University, umlobi futhi isikhulumi uthisha ngobukhulu. Umama Catherine wayevela emkhayeni odumile Russian yizicukuthwane Kolokoltseva.

Muravev Nikita wafundiswa ekhaya, futhi kamuva iziqu eMoscow University (Physics futhi uMnyango Mathematics). Ekuqaleni kuka-1812, waba umbhalisi Collegiate. Nokho, ehlobo lika-empini. Ibutho Russian ihlaselwe Napoleon. Muravev Nikita waphuma endlini ngaphandle incazelo okugcwele abazali, waya ebuthweni. Youth babhaliswa khona njengenhlangano Ensign. Waba ilungu umkhankaso angaphandle yebutho Russian kusukela 1813-1814. Ensign uvele enkundleni yempi ngezinye Leipzig. Battle ngoba ezidlula salo sesibe eyaziwa njenge "impi yezizwe."

EYurophu lehla ngokushesha inani

Ekupheleni umkhankaso Muravev Nikita Mihaylovich wayiswa Jikelele Abasebenzi. Nokho, ngemva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa nhlobo okufanayo 1814 Napoleon abuya ekuthunjweni ku Elba. Kusukela of the edumile "izinsuku 100". Izintuthwane ngalesi sikhathi emva okubi kakhulu of isimo esithile eYurophu abasisiwe ku Arseniyu Zakrevskomu - omunye ojenene Russian ekomkhulu e Vienna.

Ehlobo lika-1815 Napoleon yagcina ihluliwe. Lo mdlali owayedlalela i-emperor wathunyelwa esiqhingini Saint Helena, nalapho afike ashonela khona. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, abasha Muravev Nikita ngokunqoba engena Paris. Njengazo zonke imikhankaso angaphandle Russian, kwammangaza ukuthi ukuphila e-Europe lihlukile ezingokoqobo ezweni lenkaba yakhe. Kuyinto kamuva lezi zifiso wahola abantu abaningi abasebasha ukuba babe Decembrists. Okwamanje, Izintuthwane kugujwa omunye ukunqoba nabangani bakhe. In Paris efika eziningi ukubaluleka kubangane bakhe, wahlangana nebaholi French Revolution - umbhishobhi Anri Greguarom, umbhali Benjamin njalo, njll ...

Amazing

Ukuzizwa le backwardness Russia kusukela West, Muravev Nikita Mihaylovich ngemva kokubuyela ekhaya nge avuselelwe uhlaziyo imfundo yakhe. Ngisho nangaleso sikhathi wayazi abaningi esizayo Decembrists. Bahlanganyela okufanayo izimo Biography: empini, umkhankaso phesheya, okuvelayo nangomdlandla free Europe.

Izintuthwane wema ngasemnyango umsuka izinhlangano lokuqala Decembrists. Ngo 1816 idaliwe "Union of iNsindiso," futhi ngo-1818 - ". Inhlalakahle Union" Inhlangano yokugcina kuhlanganisa abantu abangaba ngu-200. Ngokusemthethweni, kwaba imfihlakalo, kodwa eqinisweni umisiwe laziwa kabanzi. Sasazi ngakho futhi uchonywe. Inhloso ye-Union ukufundisa abantu, ikakhulukazi, i-serfs. Dekabrist Muravev Nikita Mihaylovich nabasekeli bakhe babekholelwa ukuthi okubi induna eRussia lezwakala nje ebugqilini kuleli zwe. Esikhathini ongumlimi abakhululiwe babona ikusasa eliqhakazile yezwe.

"Union of Welfare"

I "Union of Welfare," Nikita Muravev nge Sergeem Trubetskim futhi Aleksandrom Muravevym (ongesona isihlobo) wabhala umphakathi charter - ". Green Book" the Kuyo izidingo eziyisisekelo amandla Angenelisekile abangu zavela. Babefuna ukuqedwa serfdom, lapho kubhujiswa lesi autocracy futhi ukuvela umthethosisekelo Russian.

On the "Green Book" Ngangazi ngisho Alexander I. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Wamupha ukufunda umlandeli wakhe okuhloswe - umfowabo omncane Konstantin Nikolayevich. Ekuqaleni, lo mbusi akazange unake inhlangano Decembrists, uwabheka kumnandi intsha wedolobha. Nokho, ngo-1820, u-Alexander umbono ukushintshwa ngemva eYurophu sekube linemibhikisho eziningana, kanti eRussia ngokumelene ababaphethe ehlubuka Semenov ibutho.

okusalungiswa umthethosisekelo

"Union of Welfare" usuhlakazekile e 1821. Ngemva uqhekeko lenhlangano Nikita Muravev okuqaliswe ukusungulwa Northern Society. Parallel kule, wakhonza kuzo Labaqaphi. Ukuba naye e Minsk, Decembrist bahlakulele luhlaka lwekucala lolufaka ekhatsi yomthethosisekelo esizayo. Kwakubonakala kwalokho entsha ebalulekile ezinhlinzekweni zoMthetho imfuneko ubudala. UMthethosisekelo Nikita Mikhailovich Muraviev kwalotshwa lizwe lapho uhlelo amakhosi asendulo, ukubuthelwa empini, Phephetha nemizana lempi (ngoba lokho sadlubulunda Semenov ibutho). Kwamakhosi kwakufanele abe nomkhawulo. Le projekthi ihanjiswe wagxeka nalabanye baholi Decembrists.

Izintuthwane waba yilungu ezinethonya kunazo umphakathi Northern njalo elilinganayo UNikolai Turgenev, kanye nabanye abantu abasha. Decembrist akakhohlwanga ukuba uhlale uthintana Pavlom Pestelem. Yena, wayeyinhloko Southern Society, futhi ngisho ezenziwe Muraveva amalungu omzimba ayo elawula - umqondisi, nakuba umehluko ngemibono.

Ukuboshwa nokudingiswa

Ngo-December 1825 Nikita Mihaylovich Muravev, ogama biography yisibonelo ukuphila omunye izibalo ebaluleke kakhulu ukunyakaza Decembrist, washiya nomkhaya wakhe eholidini. Ngenxa yalokhu, Wayemkhumbula zonke izenzakalo ezihambisana nokuba umzamo ukuba bavukele, imi phezu iSigele Square futhi anqobe abebengeneme kweluhlelo lwahulumende ngalokuyimphumelelo. Muraviev waboshwa ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, ngo-December 20. indima yakhe ubuholi emphilweni umphakathi imfihlo wathi Arkady Mayboroda, owayengumngani kalowo Pestel futhi usanda kujoyina i- Southern Society.

Ngo 1826, ku isinqumo, futhi iziphathimandla Izintuthwane wadingiselwa kanzima iminyaka engu-15 (kamuva lesi sigwebo sancishiswa saba). ekomidini Imfihlo ukuphenya endabeni yama Decembrists, wambeka phambi kwabo indaba emfushane ngokwaphula kwakhe siqu umlando umphakathi wamavukelambuso. umuntu isigwebo ukhonza ejele Chita futhi Petrovsky endaweni yokukhanda. Ngo ekudingisweni, yona wayelokhu exhumana ezinye Decembrists. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-10 kanzima Izintuthwane waya kohlala ezweni edolobhaneni Urik Irkutsk. Elapho eyingoduso kwezolimo, ngisho wavula isigayo sakhe. Washona eneminyaka engu-47, ngo-May 10, 1843, futhi hhayi elinde ukuxolelwa bese ubuyela Petersburg.