Isiko Kievan Rus. ithonya WaseByzantium

Isiko Kievan Rus 'buhlobene eduze ukwamukelwa kobuKristu. Ukubhabhathizwa 988, kubhekwa senguquko emlandweni izizwe zakwa -Eastern lwamaSlav. Kanye inkolo izizwe Eastern Slavic wavele lokubhala WaseByzantium, izisekelo zamatshe wokwakha amakhono we iconography engamukelwa, amasampula ngabanye yobuciko osetshenziswayo. Isiko Kievan Rus - ke, ngaphezu kwakho konke isiko, emphakathini obuswa ngentando yeningi ezisemadolobheni ngaphansi ukuphathwa esihle.

I izimbali eliphezulu kakhulu isimo esenzeka ngekhulu le-11. Kuleli khulu labantu laliphakathi ye-oda abantu abayizigidi eziyisikhombisa kuya kweziyisishiyagalombili. Smolensk, Novgorod, Kiev waba amaningi asethuthukile izikhungo ezisemadolobheni. Izwe ngobukhulu futhi enabantu abaningi e-Europe ayebhekwa Kievan Rus.

isiko WaseByzantium nomthelela ekwetayeta isimo Russian isiko yamaGreki, futhi ngalo - ukuba nolwazi oluyisisekelo nge-Middle East isiko kanye Western, eGibhithe lasendulo. Nokho, ososayensi zisekhona impikiswano futhi edidayo elichaza ithonya WaseByzantium ekuthuthukiseni izwe. Nokho, abaningi bathi kwaba eByzantium nomthelela ekuqondeni bathatha ubuKristu njengokuya uMthethosisekelo yenkolo nefilosofi kohlelo. Ngakho, ukwamukela abantu Orthodox waseRussia wahosha izisekelo nezinhloso nemigomo yeNhlangano umthombo yokuziphatha nezenzo zenkolo.

Ubudlelwano kanye eByzantium baqhubeka isikhathi eside. Sekungamakhulu eminyaka isiko Kiev Rus, ohlelweni lwezemfundo isimo kwakhiwa ngokuvumelana nesibonelo WaseByzantium. Ukwamukelwa ubuKristu futhi kwenziwe kusampula.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi choice zomlando weSonto Lobu-Orthodox Prince uVladimir owabusa Rus 'wayengeyena ngephutha. embassy yenkolo ezihlukahlukene wafika umbusi iziphakamiso ukuba bamukele ukholo lwabo. Nokho, wake wathumela emuva emazweni ahlukahlukene uVladimir izithunywa wakhuluma ukukhulekela kobuKristu injabulo ekhethekile, isikhulu wanika ntandokazi ebuKristwini. Kwaba ngenxa nje kuphela ubuhle emcimbini yokukhulekela, kodwa futhi ngenxa yezizathu eziningana setepolitiki.

Isiko Kievan Rus 'kwaba ngaphansi kwesiphambano-ithonya impucuko ezahlukene. Lokhu kuchazwe indawo isimo phakathi West naseMpumalanga. Isimo wasendulo ezihlobene ahlukahlukene ubudlelwane zezombusazwe kanye nokuhwebelana Central naseNtshonalanga Yurophu ngakolunye uhlangothi, futhi ngakolunye - ne Asian East kanye waseByzantium. Kievan Rus kusukela ekhulwini 10th uye kugcine sekugxile kuyo emakethe othola imizila yezokuthutha. Bahlanganiswe omakhelwane wayo oseningizimu, esempumalanga nengxenye esentshonalanga.

Naphezu ukusondela lamazwe Western Europe, exchange eyinhloko abantu nemibono kwaba ndlela eningizimu nasenyakatho. Yingakho emazweni East Slavic ubuKristu baqala ukungena phambi kwemvume yeziphathimandla.

It yathi chithi saka futhi imfundo Nge ukwamukelwa Lobu-Orthodox. Ukuqeqeshwa lwenziwe esigodlweni sezindela, izikole ezisemadolobheni, benkolo nabezwe.

Art nesiko Kievan Rus ethulwa yamatshe kanye nemidwebo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa wathola uhlobo eliphakeme zenkolo - iconography. Independence kuyinto amakhono labawatfolile esifundvweni nobe eminyaka 14-15. Kulomkhakha wekuvuselela wasebenza amakhosi ezifana Rublev nesiGreki. Isithonjana umdwebo bese KaMose kuze kube ngekhulu 18 th ayefana kuphela amafomu yokukhuluma bokubeka abantu Russian.

Ithempeli Umdwebo uhlelo has kwaqala ngekhulu le-11. Wahlala ku izithombe St Sophia Cathedral. Ekhulwini le-12-ke ayedumile Alimpiy (Russian master umdwebi). Wabhekisa isixhazululo ngubani owabhala omkhulu yesiteleka ubuhle isithonjana "Yaroslavl Orans" ( "uNina kaNkulunkulu Omkhulu Panagia").

Rurik isitayela eveza umoya izikhathi Kievan Rus waba ngowokuqala ngendlela efanayo njengoba i- Western Europe Romanesque.