Impensheni yeminyaka yobudala iqukethe? Ukubalwa kwempesheni

Izinkokhelo zempesheni zinikezwa izakhamuzi ezisekelwe ezinkambisweni ezifana nokukhubazeka, ukuguga nokulahlekelwa kwesokudla. Impesheni yeminyaka yobudala ikhokhwa mayelana nokufezekiswa kweminyaka ethile engasebenzi. Ngokuyinhloko sikhuluma ngabesifazane abaneminyaka engama-55 nabesilisa abaneminyaka engama-60 ubudala. Kodwa amaqembu akhethekile abahlali anelungelo lokuthola impesheni ngaphambi kokuba agugile. Sizoqonda ukuthi yini impesheni yobudala obudala.

Ukwandisa iminyaka yobudala

Izakhamuzi ezisebenzayo kuhulumeni, kusukela ngoJanuwari 1, 2017, kunyuke eminyakeni yobudala bomhlalaphansi, okungazange kujabulise izinceku eziningi zomphakathi eziseduze nokuhamba ngezinyawo ukuze ziqede umsebenzi wazo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, unyaka ngamunye, la magama azokwandiswa ngamakamelo amabili, eminyakeni engu-65 no-63 kubesifazane namadoda, ngokulandelana.

Ngokwezihloko zomthetho, abantu abaneminyaka engu-15 abanolwazi lomsebenzi nabo banethuba lokuthola amaphesheni asebekhulile .

Coefficient yempesheni

Okuphoqelekile ngesikhathi esisodwa kuba khona kwe-coefficient yempesheni ngokusekelwe ohlelweni lokulinganisa, ngokulingana okungamaphesenti angu-30 (kusukela ngo-2025). Inani laleli coefficient lakhiwa kusuka izingxenye ezimbili:

• Umnikelo kwiSikhwama sePensheni ngumqashi, ebhizinisini lapho umhlalaphansi eqhuba khona imisebenzi yakhe;
• Ubude bomsebenzi wonke.

Ingqikithi yamaphuzu kulo nyaka yi-8.26. Esikhathini esizayo, ekubalweni ngo-2021, kuzokhuphuka ngo-1.74, okungukuthi, kuzofinyelela ku-10. Yile ndlela impesheni yobudala yaseRussia ibalwa ngayo.

Izici zokuthatha umhlalaphansi wabesifazane

Abesifazane banamalungelo afanayo ekuthatha umhlalaphansi ngaphambi kwesikhathi, njengabantu. Okokuqala, ixhunywe nezimo zokusebenza ezingavumelekile, kanye nomsebenzi ezindaweni eziphethe isimo sezulu esinzima. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngezinye izizathu zomphakathi, amalungu asebesifazane ahlala emsebenzini ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi athole amabhonasi okukhuthaza njengendlela yephesenti. Kukhona ukuhlukaniswa okunye, ukuthi yikuphi ubudala nokuthi yiziphi izizathu owesifazane angaphumelela eminyakeni engu-55 ubudala. Ake sibone ukuthi impesheni yobudala yabesifazane iqukethe:

1. Lapho uneminyaka engama-45-50 ubudala, ngokusho komthetho, abantu besifazane bangathola isempesheni, benokuhlangenwe nakho kweminyaka engu-7,5 embi, emsebenzini ongaphansi komhlaba, ngezimo ezingasebenzi.
2. Esikhathini seminyaka yobudala kuze kube yiminyaka engama-40, ukukhubazeka, mayelana nokulimala ngenkathi iqhaza ekusebenzeni kwezempi noma ngokulahlwa kweso nezinye izifo ezitholakale emsebenzini.

Iqiniso elithakazelisayo ukuthi abesifazane abasebenza esifundeni saseNtshonalanga, abanolwazi okungenani iminyaka engu-15, bahlala eminyakeni engu-50 ubudala. Futhi abesifazane abanendawo yokuhlala ehlala kuzo zonke izindawo eziyingozi empilweni, abaye basebenzela iminyaka engaphezu kwengu-20 futhi abanomsebenzi wokuzingela, umdobi, okubandakanya ukugaya ama-reindeer, umhlalaphansi oneminyaka engu-45 ubudala.

Futhi, ubulili obuhle bunelungelo lokuphumula okufanelekile eminyakeni engaba ngu-50, ngokuletha impilo nokukhulisa izingane ezingu-5 noma ngaphezulu kuze kube neminyaka eyisishiyagalombili. Kodwa ubala kanjani impesheni yabesifazane? Ngokuqondile impesheni yobudala iqukethe:

• Izinkokhelo ezihleliwe;
• Ingxenye yokuqoqa;
• Umshuwalense wesiKhwama sePensheni.

Izinkokhelo ezihleliwe

Izinkokhelo ezikhokhwa yizinkokhelo zikahulumeni ezihleliwe, ezingaguquki zemali ezitholwa ngabantu abaye bafinyelela kubantu asebekhulile. Lolu hlobo lwempesheni lungaguqulwa kuye ngeziqondiso ezithile:

• Isigaba sobudala;
• Isibalo sabantu abasempesheni;
• Indawo yokuhlala;
• Ukukhubazeka.

Njengesibonelo sokubonisa, singaqhathanisa ubukhulu bempesheni ngokuqondene nezinkomba ezibalulwe ngenhla. Ngako-ke, iningi labantu abahola impesheni bathola izinkokhelo ezingaguquki ngenani lama-ruble angu-4 558.93. Izakhamuzi ezifinyelele eminyakeni engu-80 noma ezinezinga lokukhubazeka - ama-ruble angu-9 117.86. Abantu abanikezwa okungenani oyedwa othembekile bathola ama-ruble angu-6 078.57.

Impesheni yomshwalense

Enye indlela yokubala izimpesheni kubantu asebekhulile yipesheni yomshuwalense. Phakathi neminyaka yonke yokusebenza yesakhamuzi esithatha indawo ebhizinisini lombuso, umqashi wakhe ukhokhela isithakazelo esiKhwameni sePensheni.

Lezi zipesenti zibalwa kusukela kwesabelo seholo olusemthethweni futhi, futhi, zithatha isimo se-coefficient-amaphuzu, kuye ngokuthi ubude benkonzo, yobudala bomhlalaphansi nobukhulu bomholo. Ngokwesilinganiso, esinye isikolo esinjalo singama-ruble angu-74.27. Imali yepensheni yobudala ingakanani ekupheleni?

Isibonelo sokubala

Isibonelo, uma kunesidingo ukubala umlinganiso wempesheni wesakhamuzi esinomholo wama-ruble angu-30,000 ngenyanga:

1. Umholo wonyaka owodwa: 30,000 x 12 izinyanga = ama-ruble angu-360 000.
2. Ngokwesilinganiso se-22% sezindleko zemali yomshuwalense: 360 000 x 22% = ama-ruble angu-9 920 000, angu-57 600 aqondiswa ngayo impesheni yomshuwalense ngesilinganiso se-16%.
3. Ngenxa yalokho, sithola: ama-ruble angu-57 600 / ama-ruble angu-127 360 (inani leminikelo evela kumholo wonyaka omkhulu eRussia Federation ka-2016) = 0.45 x 10 = 4.5 amaphuzu.
4. Leli nani lamaphuzu libalwa ngehora lama-ruble angu-30,000. Amaphuzu kufanele adluliselwe emali: 4.5 x 74.27 (iningi iphuzu namuhla) = 334.215 ruble.

Kubalulekile ukuthi inani lamaphuzu anjalo lilinganiselwe. Lokhu kungukuthi, uma umhlalaphansi njengamanje waba yindlalifa esikhathini esidlule, lokhu akusho ukuthi uhulumeni kufanele alahleke, ehlinzeka ngokunyuka kwanyanga zonke okuyimpensheni. Ukuze uthole ulwazi, ngo-2025 kuzokwazi ukuthola amaphoyinti angu-10, ngokungafani nama-7.39 no-7.83 amaphuzu ngo-2015 no-2016, ngokulandelana.

Impesheni yokuqoqa

Uhlobo lwesithathu lwempesheni endala yimpesheni ekhokhelwa imali. Le ndlela yokunikezela imali kubantu abakhulile abakhubazekile abakhuthele ezweni lethu kuyinto evamile njalo ngenyanga ukuhlinzeka ngemali yengcebo empilweni. Iminikelo yomshuwalense yenziwa ngenxa yokutshalwa kwebaqashi esikhwameni sePensheni kanye nokwamukelwa kwabasebenzi abanentshisekelo kule mali.

Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukuthi impesheni ekhokhelwa imali ikhokhelwa izakhamuzi kusukela ngo-1967 wokuzalwa kanye nabo bonke abancane. Kodwa akuzona zonke izinto ezilula. Izakhamuzi ezikulesi sigaba, kodwa abangazange baqede konke okubhalwe phansi ngaphambi kokuphela kuka-2015, abafanelekile kulolu hlobo lwempesheni.

Ukukhomba izimpesheni ezindala

Ukwehliswa kwezinkomba kuyinyukiselo ehlelekile emthamo wezinkokhelo zenhlalakahle, ngokusekelwe kwinani labathengi bezimpahla namasevisi ahlukahlukene. Okusho ukuthi, kukhona ukuvuselelwa okuqhubekayo kweminikelo yempesheni. Okuyinhloko yalokho ukuthi ngenxa yokukhuphuka kwemali, izindleko zemikhiqizo kanye nezinsizakalo ezibaluleke kakhulu (ikakhulukazi izinsizakalo zomphakathi) zanda ngokuphawulekayo. Ngenxa yenkomba, inani labantu abakhubazekile bezwe, elisekuvikelekeni kombuso, alizizwa likhubazekile, kodwa futhi alicebi. Lesi simo singabizwa ngokuthi sihle, okungenani ngenxa yokuthi yonke into ihlala igxilile. Futhi isipesheni yokuguga yanda nini?

Usuku oluqondile, oluthile lwezinkomba zokukhomba kanye nezinye izinzuzo zenhlalakahle azikho. Wonke umuntu onentshisekelo unelungelo lokufaka izicelo ezakhiweni zikahulumeni ezinamandla kulezi zimo futhi abuze yonke imibuzo enentshisekelo, emva kokukhulisa amanani emakethe yeqembu eliyinhloko lempahla edingekayo. Kodwa-ke, kunamacala lapho uhulumeni eqinisekisa iqiniso lokukhokhwa kwezimali zempesheni.

Iminyaka yokubalwa kwempesheni

Uma ubala inani lempesheni, umsebenzi wokusebenza uhlolwe , kusukela ngo-2002. Yonke imininingwane yomthetho wamanje ithathwe ekubalweni ngo-2016. Ayikho ulwazi olusha lokwenza noma yiziphi izinqubo ezintsha ngo-2017, ngakho-ke akukho lutho lokubeka amazwana.

Ngakho-ke, ukuthatha isisekelo isikhathi esithile esithile, kuyadingeka ukuba wenze ukubalwa ngale ndlela: imali etholakalayo kufanele ihlukaniswe ngentengo yephuzu elilodwa, okuzokwenziwa ngalo kulo nyaka omusha, ngokuya kwenyuka kwinani labathengi bezinsiza eziyinhloko ngo-2016.

Yonke inqubo eyenziwa ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwemizimba yombuso ngemuva kwalokhu kukhonjiswe. Ngenxa yalokho, kunikezwa imali emisha yempesheni. Sithemba, manje uyaqonda ukuthi yini impesheni yobudala obudala.

Ukufingqa konke okushiwo ngenhla, kubalulekile ukungeza ukuthi labo abathola impesheni banelungelo eliphelele lokuzikhethela ngokuzikhethela izinyanga ezingu-60 zomsebenzi wabo kusukela ngoJanuwari 1, 2002. I-chip yukuthi akukhathaleki, irekhodi lomsebenzi lamukelwe ezikhathini zeSoviet Union noma eRussia yanamuhla. Zonke izibalo zenziwa ngendlela efanayo.

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imithetho emisha ekubalweni kwempesheni izokwakhiwa, futhi izinguquko ezimisweni zokubala zingenzeka, lapho ipesheni yobudala iqukethe khona.