UMthethosisekelo Japan: umthetho eyisisekelo ngaphandle noma yiziphi izichibiyelo

Modern umthethosisekelo Japanese kuwumphumela kokunqotshwa isimo e seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Isici esiyinhloko umthetho eziyisisekelo Japanese ukuthi kuwo wonke umlando khona-ke awuzange wenziwe isichibiyelo olulodwa. Ngaphambi kwemukelwa idokhumenti isinyathelo okuthiwa umthethosisekelo meydziyskaya kuleli zwe. Lesi sihloko uzonikezwa ukuqhathanisa zoMthetho kokubili imibhalo.

UMthethosisekelo Japan 1889

Meydziyskuyu uMthethosisekelo eyamenyezelwa 1889, futhi ngo-1890-ke sacala kusebenta. Ukudla kwalo esemqoka imi kanje:

• sovereignty fanele kuze umbusi;
• zonke izinhlobo amandla kukhona endaweni ethile kombusi;
• lamalungelo nenkululeko anikezwe umbusi Japanese;
• umthetho ngamunye kuhambisana nomthetho komsebenzi;
• iziphathimandla zomthetho, zokwahlulela zokuphatha umphelelisi eliphakeme imithetho yombusi.

Igama soMthethosisekelo Japanese kuyinto ebucayini phakathi nombusi amabutho ovulekile-yeningi. Ukusetshenziswa kwalo mthetho eziyisisekelo kwakuxhomeke izimo zomlando ezithile. Ngakho, ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, lokhu umthethosisekelo lula ukusungulwa lapho sebebuswa inkosi ePhalamende. Kodwa ngemva 1929, Japan bandisa izakhiwo yezempi, futhi lokho kakhulu ushintshe incazelo yomthethosisekelo kuchazwe.

UMthethosisekelo Japan 1947

Ngokushesha ngemva yokubuyiswa Japan, osewaziwa ngenxa ukuhlulwa kwayo ngo neMpi Yezwe II, waqala Amalungiselelo ukwamukelwa umthetho omusha eziyisisekelo ababedlula ngaphansi kokulawulwa oMfelandawonye (US, e-UK, i-China ne-USSR). izimfuno zazo eyayibalulekile ukuthi uhulumeni Japanese ukuqeda zonke izithiyo ukusabalala ka ikambisolawulo.

Ngakho, uMthetho-sisekelo samanje Japan kusekelwe ezimisweni ezintathu:

• sovereignty of abantu;
• Pacifism (renunciation empi);
• ukuhlonishwa kwamalungelo esintu ayisisekelo.

Le mihlahlandlela zibhaliwe Sandvulelo emthethweni oyisisekelo we mpumalanga yezwe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uMthetho-sisekelo wase-Japan kuphakamisa Ziphikisana ngobuhlobo isimo umbusi kanye isimiso yobukhosi. Eqinisweni, i-emperor akunamandla zezombusazwe yangempela, futhi siwuphawu esiphilayo ubunye Japan kanye nabantu balo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwenqaba eliphelele isinyathelo sezempi ayinakho esidlule imithethosisekelo nalamanye emave. Futhi okwamanje kukhona ukungqubuzana ethile phakathi sihloko yesi-9 soMthethosisekelo futhi amabutho ukuzivikela kuleli zwe. De empeleni waba, lesi sihloko sathi kungagcinwa, ngoba leli lizwe linazo wezempi sasivumela enamandla.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umthethosisekelo okwamanje alikaze lishintshwe, amabutho ovulekile-yeningi usafuna eyisebenzisa. Iningi zichibiyelo ihlobana isu lempi of Japan. Ikakhulukazi, Japanese kusempondo zankomo eceliwe ucingo ibutho evulekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uhlelo zombusi endaweni hhayi kuphela njengoba iwuphawu kodwa njengoba inhloko yezwe. Ayikho ezingabalulekile kangako inikeza ithuba ukuba abesifazane ukuba luthathe okuthunyelwe imithetho yombusi. Ngokusho abameli kumele ukwandisa kwamalungelo wobuntu. Lokhu kusho ilungelo lobumfihlo, nobukhulu, kanye ukuthola ulwazi.