Imvelo. International nokuvikelwa kwemvelo

Imvelo - hhayi nje yini emhlabeni umuntu, ukuthi kuthinta impilo yabantu kanye nethuba khona kule planethi ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane ezizayo. Uma indlela kokunganaki ukuwulondoloza, kungenzeka ukuthi uzobhubhisa lonke uhlanga lwesintu. Ngakho-ke, wonke umuntu kufanele bazazi isimo imvelo, futhi baba naliphi iqhaza kungenza ukuba isivikelo yayo noma ukuvuselelwa.

Lokho kuxhomeke imvelo?

Kukho konke ukuphila Emhlabeni kuxhomeke endleleni ezinhle imvelo. Ngakho akunakwenzeka ukuba acabangele abanye sphere ahlukene, njengoba zonke izinhlelo kube nobudlelwano obuthile phakathi kwawo:

• emkhathini;
• olwandle;
• sushi;
• ice amashidi;
• Biosphere;
• Le misele yamanzi.

Futhi uhlelo ngamunye ngandlela-thile ezisengozini imisebenzi womuntu. Kodwa ngemva sphere ezithile echayeke nomthelela kakhulu ezimbi, kungase kube ezihlukahlukene izinhlekelele zemvelo. Labo, esikhundleni salokho, kuyobusongela izimpilo zabantu. Ngakho-ke, kusukela imvelo incike konke ekunikeni amandla ukuphila komuntu futhi liphetha ngamazwi ukugcinwa kwezindawo zemvelo ukuze kuzuze izizukulwane ezizayo.

Ukuqapha zonke izinhlelo wenziwa abantu abaphethe. Nokho, njengoba kwavezwa, wonke umuntu ngeke ahlupheke, uma sphere ifinyelela sikhathi esibucayi, okuholela inhlekelele. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, bonke kumele aqinisekise ukuthi imvelo uhlala esimweni saso sokuqala, noma uma iphukile kakade, kuyadingeka ukwenza yonke imizamo ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukubuya kwakhe.

Nature Environment

Igalelo eyaba nalo imvelo has empeleni wonke umuntu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi hlobo imisebenzi yayo. Ezinye zazo ukwenza izinto ewusizo ngempela engasetshenziswa ukudlulisela ezizukulwaneni ezizayo bebona ingcebo eningi eyayiphethwe - Umoya ohlanzekile namanzi, nemvelo engonakalisiwe nokunye. Nokho, abantu abaningi abanaso umthelela ongemuhle ukuthi kancane kancane ubhubhisa konke kunikeza isintu iplanethi.

Ngenhlanhla, emazweni amaningi namuhla bayazi kahle ukubaluleka ezemvelo, umthwalo walo ukulondolozwa kwalo. Futhi ngenxa yalesi sizathu sokuthi ezilawula ukuze alondoloze incebo zemvelo, imithombo, imvelo izolahleka ngaphandle okuyinto, futhi ngokushesha ngemuva, futhi bonke.

ukunakwa wakhe kuwo womabili la mazwe sisonke nezinhlangano ngabanye ngokukhethekile kufanele ikhokhwe hhayi kuphela yincasakazi imvelo amasayithi, kodwa futhi kulabo ngempela kudingeka usizo lomuntu. Lokhu sezinto eziphila olwandle, emkhathini, ngenxa yabo incike impilo yabantu. Ngakho-ke, ngesisekelo kulondolozwe imvelo kanye nemvelo lesintu akabangeli nje kuphela ukuba kumkhakha othile, kodwa futhi ngokuphelela kwazo, ubudlelwane. Uma sithatha isibonelo imfucuza zamakhemikhali, kufanele kuthathwe hhayi kuphela njengoba izakhi ngiyajabula impilo kubantu, kodwa futhi lezo ziyingozi nemvelo.

Ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu imvelo

Kuyaziwa ukuthi kwekhabhoni udoti wamakhemikhali emkhathini noma semvelo zasolwandle akuxhomekile nje kuphela esimweni kwemithombo yezebhoduluko, ukuphepha kwabo, kodwa futhi nempilo yabantu. Kule ndaba, ngonyaka ka-2020 kuhlelwe aluqede ngokuphelele ukungcoliswa enjalo, hhayi ukwehlisa ke esiphansi. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, namuhla bonke izinkampani ukuthi ukubhekana amakhemikhali, kudingeka ukuhambisa imibiko enemininingwane kanjani anawo imfucuza.

Uma kukhona isimo lokuhlushwa anda izinto ziyingozi abantu, kubalulekile ngokushesha ukuze kuzonciphisa izinga labo. Kodwa lokhu kudinga iqhaza bonke abantu, hhayi nje kuphela lezo zinhlangano babe ezinye umthwalo ukuvikeleka kwebhoduluko. Ngokwejwayelekile kwamukelekile futhi umbono obungenakuphikwa bokuthi umuntu kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uchithe isikhathi ngaphandle. Kumlethela ezinhle, nokusiza ukulungisa noma ulondoloze impilo ezingeni ezinhle. Nokho, uma imuncwe chemical imfucuza, it nje kuphela akusho neqhaza umsebenzi, kodwa futhi ubuhlungu. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuziphatha njengomuntu ohluzekile, umuntu ngamunye ukuze siyihloniphe imvelo, kulapho cishe ukulondolozwa kwalo kanye nokugcinwa iminyaka eminingi.

sezinto eziphila olwandle

Amazwe amaningi futhi uthi sizungezwe expanses omkhulu wamanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, asikwazi indiva wayewuqonda umjikelezo wamanzi. Ngakho-ke, iliphi idolobha, ngisho noma uzobe Itholakala enkabeni yaleli zwekazi, ibuthinta ngokuqondile ku-ecosystem zasolwandle. Ngakho-ke, ukuphila kwabo bonke abantu emhlabeni ehlangene izilwandle, ngoba ukugcinwa nokuvikelwa emzimbeni amanzi akuwona umgomo wokugcina.

UMnyango Imvelo umane ngeke akwenze ngaphandle umsebenzi mayelana nokuvikelwa sezinto eziphila olwandle. imisebenzi yaso zihlanganisa nokwehla esiphansi ukungcola olwandle. Ngeshwa, umsebenzi komuntu kwanamuhla ayikwazi Nokho ukubeka eceleni le isici, bazama ukwehlisa kunesidingo.

Ukuvikela imithombo yamanzi iphethwe yi- izinhlangano eziningi, kuhlanganise i-EU ne-UN. Nciphisa ukunukubeza kanye nokugcina izinsizakalo - imiphumela yomsebenzi wabo, kanye neminyango ezahlukene zezwe ngalinye. Futhi indlela efanele futhi sisheshe senze ulwazi kokuqala, ngesisekelo okuyinto ngeke yehle wemihlangano yezizwe ku impilo esizukulwaneni esisha futhi imvelo.

Nature Ukuphathwa Izindlela

Ekhulwini lama-21, isintu sinawo yini kwawena unesifiso esikhulu kakhulu isimo nemvelo. izidingo yakhe ezikhulayo, kanye ukungcoliswa kwemvelo. Ngakho, phezu kwekhulu leminyaka elidlule, abantu baye bachitha izinsiza eziningi njengoba yayingakwazi nenkulungwane odlule. Zonke lezi amaqiniso abe nomthelela omubi nendalo nempilo yomuntu. Ngakho-ke, abantu abathatha izinqumo namuhla abandakanya izinto ezihlukahlukene nemisebenzi yabantu, ukunciphisa umonakalo owenziwe. Bangakwazi, isibonelo, ukuze uvumele Ezungezile Mthetho, bahlawuliswa ngokwephula lokungalandeli umthetho noma ezinye izinyathelo ingajezisa.

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko kwemithombo yemvelo:

1. Rational. Ngesikhathi esifanayo humanity imvelo ukusebenzelana ngendlela ephelele. Isetshenziswa ngidele izinsiza, encishisiwe nomthelela omubi kwezemvelo. Izibonelo - izinqolobane, uhlelo isiyingi usebenzisa amanzi nokunye.
2. Engenangqondo. Lo muntu iphathelene imvelo njengoba umthengi, lisebenzisa imithombo yayo ukuze abanayo isikhathi bakha. Ngenxa yalokhu isimo sezinto kokuba zome ize yaphela ngokuphelele. Ukushintshwa kwalo kwabonisa indlela kabi hhayi kuphela imvelo, kodwa futhi abantu. Izibonelo - Ukungena ngemvume imfucuza adedelwa emkhathini noma ulwandle nokunye.

Kwemoya nezinhlobo zayo

Lingcolisa nomthelela imvelo iyona ushintsho impahla yayo, okuyinto eyingozi ukuze izakhiwo zemvelo, kanye isintu. Kunezinhlobo eziningana yokungcola:

1. Chemical. Ngo-ecosystem ye imfucumfucu iwe.
2. Eziphilayo. Kulokhu, imvelo iwe eziphilayo kungaholela ezifweni ezihlukahlukene zezilwane, izitshalo noma abantu.
3. Thermal.
4. Radioactive.
5. Noise.

Kukhona futhi ezinye izinhlobo zokungcola, ezifana inhlabathi. It kwenzeka uma esingalungile ukuba ezolimo, isimo aphazamiseke ezweni, uma zisetshenziswa umquba wamakhemikhali.

ukungcola hydrosphere

Noma yimuphi umthelela omubi kwezemvelo uma uyiswa Ukucabangela ububanzi ethize noma kanjani uthela yena nezinye nemiphumela eyingozi. Ngokwesibonelo, uma imfucuza nokujikijela olwandle, khona-ke inqubo ukuhwamuka izinhlayiya eziyingozi ziyokuwa futhi emoyeni. Ngakho-ke, ukugcinwa kwezindawo amanzi umi yezindawo eziyinhloko ikhambi yempikiswano nokuvikelwa kwemvelo.

Imithombo ukuthi zonakalisa hydrosphere, lokhu okulandelayo:

1. Izinsiza.
2. Ezokuthutha.
3. Umkhakha.
4. C / X.
5. sphere Non-elikhiqizayo.

umphumela Maximum edikibalisayo kwemfucumfucu yezimboni emifuleni noma izilwandle imfucumfucu ahlukahlukene.

ukungcola komoya

Isibhakabhaka uhlelo ukuthi has izindlela eziningana ukuze bazivikele. Nokho, umthelela omubi kwezemvelo osukwini lwethu omkhulu kangangokuthi wayengenayo amandla semisebenzi ukuzivikela, ngenxa ngalo lizogcina likhathele.

Kuyadingeka yokwahlukanisa imithombo eminingana main engcolisa umkhathi:

1. umkhakha Chemical.
2. Ezokuthutha.
3. Amandla kagesi.
4. Metallurgy.

Phakathi kwabo ukungcola frighteningly aerosol, okusho ukuthi izinhlayiya asakazeka emkhathini esimweni okuluketshezi noma okuqinile, kepha kufakwe abasebenzi bayo unomphela.

Nokho, eliyingozi ngaphezulu carbon oxides noma nesibabule. Bahola nomphumela abamba ukushisa, olungaholela ukuncibilika kwezinguzunga zeqhwa, ukwanda izinga lokushisa kwe-amazwekazi, nokunye. Ngakho-ke, kubalulekile ukuqapha eduze ukubunjwa emoyeni, njengoba ukungcola ezengeziwe, manje noma ngokuhamba kwesikhathi sizothinta esintwini.

Izindlela ukuvikeleka kwebhoduluko

Ayanda nomthelela omubi ngokwemvelo, izinhlangano ngaphezulu kufanele wadala, okuyinto ngeke nje kube sengathi nguye obangela ukuzivikela yayo, kodwa futhi basakaza lwazi ukusiza bonke abakhileyo iplanethi ukuqonda ukungcoliswa kanjani yingozi. Ngakho-ke, nge umonakalo okwandisa futhi izindlela zokuphepha ukugqanyiswa.

International imvelo kuhlanganisa izindlela eziningana kulondolozwe imvelo nemithombo yawo:

1. Dala izitshalo ukwelashwa. Abakwazi kuphela nethonya layo ku izinsiza zasemanzini noma emkhathini, noma kungenzeka eyinkimbinkimbi.
2. Ukuthuthukiswa entsha yokuhlanza ubuchwepheshe. Ngokuvamile abahlanganyela kulo ibhizinisi, ukusebenza amakhemikhali, ukuba lula kabusha noma ukwandisa igalelo elihle kwelinye noma kwenye ohlelweni.
3. ukubekwa Proper nezimboni ezingcolile. Izinkampani zonogada nezinhlangano namanje Awukwazi ukuphendula umbuzo lapho kufanele zitholakale ngokufanele kumabhizinisi, kodwa ngenkuthalo kubhekwane.

Ngamafuphi, uma futhi ukufuna isixazululo senkinga zombuso kwemvelo iplanethi ke lokhu kufanele kwenziwe kuwo wonke amalungu omphakathi ngamazwe. Alone, kungaphumeleli.

ngoba imali ukungcoliswa

Ngoba namuhla akukho lizwe ezinjalo, lapho izinto ezenziwa abantu kuye hhayi zihlotshaniswa ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, namanye amabhizinisi lizokhokhiswa imvelo. Le nqubo ithatha indawo ngokuhambisana kwamiswa umthetho 2002.

A izinkampani iphutha elivamile wahlanganyela emsebenzini wokukhiqiza ezingcolile, wukuthi emva ukukhokhwa kwezimali ukuze kulondolozwe imvelo, bayaqhubeka ukucubungula nomthelela omubi kuso. Eqinisweni, kungaholela babe necala lobugebengu. Kukhokhwa imali akuyona izaba, futhi inkampani ngayinye ubophekile ukuba balwela ukunciphisa umonakalo, uma kungekhona ukususa ngokuphelele.

isiphetho

Ekuphetheni, singasho ukuthi imvelo iqoqo zonke izakhi ukuthi kukhona ngabantu. Lokho kwaba ithuba ngoba ukuziphendukela kwemvelo, ukuvela kanye ukuphila kohlanga lwesintu. Ngakho-ke, injongo eyinhloko yesikhathi yethu Ukuvikelwa yayo, ukuhlanzwa kanye nokuphepha. Uma kungaqali, bese kuba ngu amakhulu ambalwa eminyaka, iplanethi iyoba yindawo langakufanelekela ukuphila komuntu nemisebenzi.