Abalungile zezwe kanye nemisebenzi yayo

IMpi Yezwe II yaletha emhlabeni kuphela usizi nokuhlupheka. Ukufa elahlasela kulo lonke izwe, ukuthatha ezandleni zakhe ezimnyama izingane, abantu abadala kanye. Inqubomgomo kumele asuse abantu babo emzabalazweni indawo. Amakhulu ezinkulungwane izinsizwa waya phambi, ngakho angabuyeli.

Kodwa kwathi impi bukhicite ukufa, hhayi kuphela enkundleni yempi, liphinde abazihlelele ethintekile. Ngaphandle ezingabekwa zokucindezelwa kwalabo bantu engapheli abantu baseSoviet, ukulahlekelwa omkhulu babengamaJuda European. Vikela yokugcina ayengakwenza umuntu olungileyo kuphela emhlabeni.

ukushaya

Ngemva Kwesizwe, kwanqunywa ukuba umklomelo abebengekho qakala angabhekani nosizi lokukhulelwa abantu bamaJuda. Lokhu wasiphakamisa Israel Institute of UkuQothulwa Kwesizwe ubuqhawe. Lesi isikhumbuzo yasungulwa ngo-1953 futhi wamiswa njengombonisi isikhungo oyinhloko okufanele balondoloze imemori yamaJuda.

umsebenzi wenhlangano

Lesakhiwo Yad Vashem Israyeli uyobe usebenza ezingeni umthetho ekhethekile kwi-Memory of the Shoah. Yilokho libizwa Kwesizwe. Inhlangano inikeza indondo okuzisholo futhi isihloko "oweZizwe Olungile" kulabo ngesikhathi kubusa amaNazi asikwazanga ukuhlala qakala abantu bamaJuda. Lo mklomelo unikezwa abangewona amaJuda ukuphila kwabo engozini enkulu siqu ukulondoloza labo bantu ekubhujisweni okuhleliwe.

amagama

"Umot AMAHASID On-kuze kube phakade", uma elihunyushwe ngokoqobo, kusho "Olungile Phakathi Kwezizwe." Leli gama yasungulwa Rabbinites. Ubiza abangewona amaJuda ukugcina imithetho uNowa namadodana. Abantu abangamaJuda babekholelwa ukuthi nabo nje ukuthi abantu befanele kube emhlabeni esikhathini esizayo.

Ngokokuqala ngqá leli gama wavela Maimonides. Wayekholelwa ukuthi ungabiza ehlonipha. Okungukuthi, oweZizwe sakhonza imiyalo eziyisikhombisa ngoba alazi phetho saphezulu, ngakho ziyadingeka ukwenza. Ngemva Maimonides ethemini baqashwe iziphathimandla eziningi zorabi.

Enye incazelo "umot Chassidim On-kuze kube phakade" samnika kaSowari. Ithi ukuthi abalungile - labo abangewona amaJuda ngenhlonipho iphathwa amaJuda awazange uzizwe nokucasula ngabo, futhi, kungabi ngukwenza ukulunga nabo.

A incazelo yesimanje kusikisela ukuthi abalungile emhlabeni - a gentile sisekele ungumJuda Kwesizwe nezinye noshushiso.

umsebenzi

Ngokuvamile uma kuziwa Kwesizwe, abaningi ukhumbule ezimbili kuphela izinhlangothi aphikisanayo. Kodwa kukhona eyesithathu. Ngokwesazi-mlando uFrancois wizadi, leli qembu lalinabashumayeli labo ukulondolozwa amaJuda futhi sabasiza.

Ukuze sandise imisebenzi enjalo, kwakudingekile ukuba hhayi kuphela isibindi, kodwa futhi wokuzidela. Lokhu kwakubangelwa yokuthi abantu wafihla amaJuda esongelwa ubudlova. Kepha akusikho lokho kuphela, kodwa yathinta nayo imindeni yabo. Ikakhulukazi kabi bekulokhu the ngakhethi eMpumalanga Yurophu.

Amazwe aseNtshonalanga akuwona kabi, nakuba kukhona owaziwa ngalabo ababa yizisulu kuleso inzondo amaNazi. Ezinye abangcwele babulawa, abanye bafa emakamu okuhlushwa. Noma ubani iye yaba nesandla besiza amaJuda, ephila ngokwesaba. Wasesesaba, hhayi kuphela iziphathimandla isiJalimane, kodwa futhi umakhelwane, zisho amazwi anti-lwamaSemite.

Ubufakazi - ukushonelwa Lithuanian Mykolas Shimelisa. Wabulawa isizwe + endawo kweminye besiza amaJuda, yena wayifaka yakhe. ESwitzerland, umuntu onjalo waba iphoyisa uPawulu Grüninger. Waxoshwa futhi futi lokho wasiza ukweqela emngceleni kumaJuda.

Ngokuvamile, noma ngabe yimuphi umuntu baba ukuvikela lesi sizwe. Lokhu kungaba noma abantu bendawo abanye abakwazi ukufunda futhi amalungu imikhaya yasebukhosini. AmaJuda wasiza wezempi, othisha, abapristi, abalimi, izikhulu zikahulumeni kanye nabanye.

inkululeko kubantu

Abalungile zomhlaba kungaba kunoma yiliphi izwe. EPoland, ngokokuqala ukulondolozwa ezingaphezu kuka 120,000 amaJuda. Bakhandwa esizwa kokubili abantu abavamile nobuntu eliqavile isimo. Kulesi amandla kwaba ngisho inhlangano "Zegota", elibhekene nomse- ngosizo amaJuda endaweni matasa kuwo. Lesi seluleko sisekelwe Zofia Kozak-Schutska, futhi wamsiza ukuba u-Irena Sendler.

Bona waphikisana ngokumelene Kwesizwe naseNetherlands, Norway, Belgium. Lapho ushushiso kumaJuda babefikile Denmark, kuso sonke isibalo sabantu yezwe ubezama bevikela khona kwalesi sizwe. Against letinchubomgomo wakhuthaza futhi umndeni wasebukhosini. It kwakuhlelwa isikebhe: 7000 Danish amaJuda umkhumbi wawusufika Sweden. Lena 7/8 ye yonke yamaJuda labantu Denmark. Ngenxa yalesi ebunyeni abantu isimo impi kwafa amaJuda 60 kuphela.

Bulgaria futhi singenele umshikashika azosiza abayizisulu Kwesizwe. Abantu wamelela namaJuda angaphezu kuka-50 eziyinkulungwane. Tsar Boris Iii njengoba ungase Ziba eJalimane. It wakwazi ukuthatha izisulu izifunda ukuphumula, ukuze ukuphila 50 000 basinda. Kodwa, ngeshwa, abangaphezu kuka-11,000 abulawa. Lezi kubaJuda babefikile-Auschwitz.

Nakuba eJalimane kwaba inqaba Kwesizwe, kodwa kwahlangana zinganelisekile Inqubomgomo yamaNazi. AmaJalimane Ethnic ngo-1943 safinyelela ukuboniswa ngobukhulu ngokumelene kwamaJuda. Babezama ukuvikela abathandekayo babo, ukukhanya kabani ukuthumela emakamu. Khona-ke Goebbels isinqumo: Mahhala amaJuda German ogama izihlobo weza emhlanganweni, wazithumela umsebenzi edingekayo. Ngakho, abantu abangaphezu kuka-2 ayizinkulungwane zilondolozwe.

Ukuze ukhishwa?

Zilungile Phakathi Kwezizwe kumele ahlole zindlela eziningana:

• Siza omunye / amaJuda amaningana esimweni esibucayi.
• Abalungile kumelwe siliqonde futhi bacabanga insindiso ngokuqondile abangamaJuda.
• Izenzo zakhe kufanele ukuqukatha bungobobugovu umongo, akufanele eshukunyiswa imali noma ezinye izindlela zokukhokha.
• Umsizi waqhubeka kule ndaba, naphezu usongo empilweni yabo kanye nezimpilo yabathandekayo babo.
• Zonke izenzo ziqinisekiswa amazwi izisulu ezilungile noma yimaphi amadokhumenti nezimpahla, eveza iqiniso lokusindiswa.

Lezi zimpawu zokuhlola ukusiza Institute umklomelo isihloko Zilungile Phakathi Kwezizwe. Le mfuneko esemqoka kuwubufakazi insindiso. Ngokuvamile, kuba kule umbandela Ukudumisa umuntu. Ezimweni ezimbalwa kuphela kukhona emlandweni lapho-ke kwakudingekile obubhalwe ubufakazi.

Izibalo nosaziwayo

Ngasekuqaleni kuka-2016 kwakwaziwa ukuthi kukhona Imininingwane a 26.119 yolungileyo emhlabeni. Izinsolo isikhungo ukuthi asikwazi ukwenziwa kulezi idatha, akukho mzamo kusukela kungenzeka ukuthola lonke ulwazi. Kodwa abagqugquzeli bayaqiniseka ukuthi eMpumalanga Yurophu bangase bakuthole abasindisi ngaphezulu, uma imibuso hhayi lamaKhomanisi ukuthi ivinjiwe emazweni amaningi.

Manje kunzima ukubala zonke labo bazokwazi ukugqoka lokhu zibizwa. Noma kunjalo, emazweni 51 emhlabeni wonke manje baphila ngakhethi. Uhlu kungaba eside kakhulu ukuze ngekhanda. Kukhona lenqwaba nabasePoland - abantu abangaphezu kuka-6 ayizinkulungwane. Amabili nengxenye ayizinkulungwane Ukraine, cishe 4,000 isiFulentshi, 5.500 baseNetherlands, 1700 baseBelgium lithanda.

Kukhona uthi lapho eyodwa kuphela ulungile .. Georgia, Egypt, eVietnam, e-Ireland, Cuba, Peru, Luxembourg, Japan, njll ERussia, lesi sihloko zokuhlonipha unikelwa abantu 197. Bambalwa imininingwane mayelana abasindisi evelele kunazo zonke.

komhlaba Polish

Ngo-1914, Yan Karsky wazalelwa e Lodz. Abalungile zezwe esikhathini esizayo, lokho akwenza nesizathu nohlangothi abasha eceleni namaJuda. Ngobusuku obandulela empini wayengumuntu uLieutenant umqondisi uMnyango ezimela. Ekupheleni kuka-August 1939, sathola imfihlo ukugqugquzela oda. Okokuqala, Karski eboshwe weZempi Soviet, ngemva exchange kwaba ngo umsebenzi zone-German. Kusuka lapho, wakwazi ukuphunyuka, sibonga ngalo wabulawa 1940 ekuseni.

Ngo Warsaw, wahlanganyela ukumelana naso futhi kwenze kwaba ehambisa Polish Underground State. Izikhathi eziningana ngasese ukufika France, Britain, ukuze adlulisele iziyalezo imfihlo. Uma wabanjwa nabanye futhi wathumela kuJehowashi amaGestapo. Lapho, behlushwa, kodwa ngemva Umzamo wokuzibulala yakhe eyayiwugcinile inhlangano Polish komhlaba, eye yathuthuka operation ekhethekile ukuhlenga Kara.

Ngemva ekululameni kwakhe, ngokuphindaphindiwe bagamanxela Warsaw Ghetto, lapho, sengathi ukuba isosha Ukrainian wabukela amaJuda athunjiwe. Yini ayewubonile, njalo sahlala enhliziyweni yakhe. Kwakuwusuku umsebenzi wokugcina, owawungumnyaka-Jan Karski. AngabeZizwe Zilungile wakwazi ukuya eLondon.

Uhulumeni waseBrithani, kubikwa ukuthi umsebenzi we-Polish Underground State, ekhuluma ukuhlupheka abantu bamaJuda. Kamuva ngifika e-United States, wathi Kwesizwe Roosevelt. Ukusabela kusukela oMfelandawonye asilandelwanga. Kodwa Kara ezama ukusindisa amaJuda, kanye nosizo yayo ePoland waletha umklomelo esasiwafanele ngo-1982.

fighters German

Ngu-2016, i-Israel Institute of UkuQothulwa Kwesizwe ubuqhawe abalwa eJalimane, cishe 600 yolungileyo zomhlaba. Lokhu singasho sithi, and Oskar Schindler, asindisa wakhulula amaJuda angaphezu kuka-1,000, luwathathe, aye emsebenzini wakhe. Ngokushesha - amalungu ukunyakaza "Belaya Roza" uHans Sofi Sholl. Ngesikhathi esifanayo lihlanganisa Dietrich Bonhoeffer. "Olungile angabeZizwe vs.-Third Reich" - ngakho okuthiwa umbhali umfundisi Eric Metaxas. Umlando waleli indoda yaphela kabuhlungu. Ngo-1945, kwaba sekubulaweni kwakhe ezihambisana zokubamba iqhaza kulo ugobe Hitler.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukusebenza kusho ukuthi kungenzeka ngokubulala umashiqela Boheffer namanje yayiqiniseka ukuthi Kristu uyosithethelela, uma sibhekiswe ukumelana we wezombusazwe kanye nogqozi okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ukusebenza Abwehr, wabasiza amaJuda eziyisikhombisa ukubalekela Switzerland. Ukuze ukubukwa nezenzo zabo ukuthi ngemva kokufa kwakhe yaklonyeliswa "Olungile Phakathi Kwezizwe."

Ngaphandle kweqiniso lokuthi ngemva Bonhoeffer liye labizwa ngokuthi eziningi amasonto, futhi wenza isitembu sokuposa, incwadi yakhishwa ngo-2012. Eric Metaxas wakwazi ukutshela indaba umfundisi odumile. Incwadi "oweZizwe Zilungile vs.-Third Reich" imayelana nokuphila isazi semfundiso yenkolo, imicabango yakhe futhi izinkolelo. Le ndaba ohlolayo ngendoda wakwazi ngesibindi bamelana wobushiqela.

namanye amaqhawe

Phakathi abawinile kukhona nemizana yonke. Ngokwesibonelo, 117 izakhamizi Nieuwlande futhi wathola umklomelo abadumile. Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II ndawo zanquma ukufihla amaJuda kuzo zonke ekhaya. Shoneville umkhaya waba ngowokuqala, okuyinto igcinwa komnikazi ngo-1940. Kamuva Bafihla amakhulu abaJuda ngempumelelo wakwazi ukusinda Kwesizwe.

Le Chambon-sur-Lignon - settlement isiFulentshi, okuyinto kuye kwanezela insindiso yamaJuda. Kwakukhona 5 izimpilo ukulondolozwa ezinkulungwane zezisulu. Lalicasha endaweni yonke kamasipala. Ngenxa izenzo umfundisi wendawo nomkakhe, 40 abantu bendawo baklonyeliswa isihloko "Olungile phakathi Nations."