Le mpi penultimate ngokumelene wobushiqela: ukuthunjwa Berlin amasosha aseSoviet

Ngo-April 1945 Army Soviet wathwala okuhlaselayo, esondela enhlokodolobha-Third Reich - Berlin. Ukuphakama kwezwakala kulo. Esibhakabhakeni, wabusa Krasnozvezdnaya zezindiza, "Luftwaffe" cishe lutho ifake uphethiloli izindiza, amakholomu armored egcwele imigwaqo isiJalimane, ukuqhuma kwezibhamu ukuminyana akwaziwa sandulela zomlando, alinaso ngokufanayo nanamuhla. Ligcina uthi lokuphotha luzungeza umkhakha ukuzivikela safinyelela titanic linemibhikisho, ukuntuleka bokusebenza lixuku ningagcini. Ukuthwebula Berlin amasosha aseSoviet kwaba kuzenzakalele, umbuzo kuphela ekunqobeni intengo, obonakaliswe izimpilo zabantu.

Isitha

Cishe zonke oseleyo Wehrmacht kanye Waffen-SS (ekuqaleni kuka-April, izisebenzi ezingaba yingxenye yesigidi ezempi, ezihlanganisa ecishe ibe yizinkulungwane 200 - edolobheni), abangu bagxila inhlokodolobha oMbusi namadlelo ayo. Ukungakwazi ukugcina imingcele kanye nokuntuleka ithemba lempumelelo akazange akuvimbele ukukhandwa-Adolf Hitler ngenkani udaba oda okuqukethwe okwesabisayo, esinika ngayo nesijeziso sokufa ngenxa ubani engathandi baqhubeke nokulwa kuze inhlamvu odlule. Imvelo nokusebenza ku Okwamanje savela kakhudlwana futhi inhlekelele ngaphezulu. 3rd Panzer Army, okuyinto wancika German High Command kwakusekelwe ngokuqinile ivinjwe amaviyo 2nd Front Belarusian, wawela uMfula i-Oder kuya lokulwa.

imigqa Isiyingi zokuzivikela ayemathathu, okude kakhulu elalisendlini band amakhilomitha 30-40 kusukela enkabeni yedolobha. Ngezinye inhlangano yayo wangeniswa akhawunti uhlobo izithiyo amanzi zemvelo ebesingesihle. uphawu ngokuphinda Isilinganiso zezinkulumo ukundlula amathrekhi, edlala indima umgwaqo ibhande ku okungase kwakuthiwa ihlanganisa ilungiselelo practice kuyinkinga ngenxa yokuntuleka kwezinsiza ukuzivikela. Isandiso ubelokhu eqashelwa phezu eziseceleni kanye kubhekwa omunye oyinhloko. Ngaphakathi dolobha lalihlukaniswe izindawo ayisishiyagalolunye ukuzivikela. Ngokuvamile, izinduna Wehrmacht benza konke ababengakwenza ukuze vimbela ukuthunjwa Berlin amasosha aseSoviet. Kafushane, kungenziwa lezi zinyathelo echazwe nalusizo. Amathemba yokuhlasela ukucabangisisa kwathatha okuhlaselayo zazingekho.

I jikelele plan amasu kanye imvelo

April 2 Izinga wayezimisele nge umbuzo othi obani siyofeza operation ukuphathwa oqondile. Stalin wanquma ukuthi ukuthunjwa Berlin amasosha aseSoviet uzakulumathisa endlunkulu jikelele, futhi amqondise esimisiwe Marshal Zhukov, ngubani ngokushesha ngendiza indiza endaweni zokusebenza eMoscow. Of ezahlukeneyo ezimbili okungenzeka kahle enhloko-dolobha German (ukuvinjezelwa nokushaya) wakhethwa njengosuku lowo ngesivinini engcono ukuwa yayo. Apreli 16 lowacala okuhlaselayo jikelele. City emaphethelweni futhi ulayini ukuzivikela waba ngaphansi ezingontuluntulu futhi enamandla wasemoyeni ngamabhomu. Apreli 20 baqala ukuhlasela, kanye 21 Panzer isiteleka eyenziwa ekuthatheni Iphandle eningizimu. I abanenkani kakhulu ukumelana elinde eduze eziphakeme Seelow lapho isitha angenze amabutho aseSoviet isicelo inhlabamkhosi umsindo futhi izibani (izingcezu ezingaphezu kuka-140) kanye emibili wamabutho ukushaqeka ethangini. Apreli 25 jikelele idolobha imvelo isibe Eqinisweni, amaJalimane emuva ayisekho waswela indawo ukuya.

Ukulwa emzini

Ukugqugquzela bonke izinsiza kungenzeka kuphela isibalo sabantu nhlangothi zombili. nabezempi oyibeka ngamazwi akho yenza Volkssturm futhi Hitlerjugend bafela izimpi lokuqala ne amasosha aseSoviet abanolwazi; ikhaya, yaphenduka ukwesekwa labadubuli amaphuzu, acekela ngaphansi kokusekelwa wezikhali kanye attack izindiza. Bebuthanela amagejambazo edolobheni wasondela ingxenye 2 Belarus, Ukraine kuqala futhi imiphetho yesibili. Nokho, Ukumelana waphikelela. Esikhathini kusuka 26 kuya 28 April, kwaba khona omunye inhlekelele, cishe amabutho asihlelekile nhlobo isikaniso edolobheni sanqunywa waba izingxenye ezintathu, abanjwe atihambi todvwa. Saphulwa isixhumanisi phakathi kwabo, eyenziwa ngaphambili ku izintambo zocingo sibekwa imigudu. Coordination kwakunokwenzeka kuze zokuxhumana imithombo kubhaklazeka iRed Army akazange aphonse kweqembu amabhomu.

Ukuthwebula Berlin amasosha aseSoviet senzeka ngezigaba, bathuthela isikhungo, ehlushwa ukulahlekelwa omkhulu, kodwa ukubavimba kwakungenakwenzeka. Kabanzi umkhuba amaqembu lokushaya, esusa ikota ngemva ikota. April 28, 3rd Shock Army of the 1st Front isi-Byelorussian wafika Reichstag.

Reichstag

ephalamende German bavikela ingqikithi abantu abe yizinkulungwane ezinhlanu, babo ayinkulungwane isikaniso esikhashana wayalwa khona ngo-Ephreli, kanti bonke abanye ababelapho ngenxa Ukuvuselela njalo kanye nekusita. Ngu ntambama Apreli 30 amasosha aseSoviet wakwazi ukugqekeza, kwathoma Ukungqubuzana esimangalisa kunazo empini, okusikhumbuza agony a elambulala, kodwa namanje madolonzima silo. Lokhu kwaqhubeka kwaze kwaba sekuseni ngo-May 1, kuze Dome akuyona zareyal obomvu ifulege kusho ukuthi ukuthunjwa Berlin amasosha aseSoviet empeleni igcwaliswe. Ezinye emaphaketheni of ukumelana ukuyiveza ngisho ngobusuku obubodwa. Ngemva Reichstag iwe amakhanda ngokushesha umaluju nezinye izindawo ezimbili kakhulu enezivikelo eziqinile - Spandau Zoobunker. Ngakho, usuku ukuthunjwa Berlin amasosha aseSoviet - Meyi 2, 1945.

Ezenye nemihlatshelo

Kuphela ngesikhathi ukuzivikela lokuzama ukubulala lo Reichstag okungenanzuzo anikela ngokuphila kwawo isikhathi esingaphezu anamabini amawaka abazivikelayo. 125 000 izakhamuzi ezibulewe zabulawa Berlin lokulwa emgwaqweni. Phakathi ukusebenza phansi ngokuphelele ayisikhombisa elihamba futhi 23 ukwehlukana ngomshini. Of lonke inani amaviyo isigamu kwezigidi ezingu abathintekayo kulo bevikela umuzi, babesaphila elengeziwe kunokuqala ayizinkulungwane 134 bathunjwa.

Berlin labhujiswa cishe ngokuphelele. Ikakhulukazi:

• alibhidliza ngokuphelele - izakhiwo 30,000;
• isigamu-zonakale - izindlu eziyinkulungwane 150;
• Sithola i umonakalo isilinganiso - izakhiwo ayizinkulungwane 150;
• Yamila-ukuzivikela uma uzama ukugcina Soviet okuhlaselayo 225 amabhuloho;
• okukodwa kokuthathu iziteshi kamasipala oda kaHitler ayehlala kuyo yayigcwele amanzi ethukusiwe lapho kusukela kokudubula abantu.

Empini Berlin ubulele amasosha aseSoviet angaphezu kuka-78 eziyinkulungwane.

Zenza feat njengabawufanelekele isihloko Hero, amasosha angaphezu kuka angamakhulu ayisithupha Red Army, zazo 13 - futhi.

Impi ngemva Berlin

Ngemva ukuthunjwa Berlin, amabutho aseSoviet ayezohlasela, abakhulula ePrague, lapho Engxenyeni yokugcina yalo SS wazama uhlele zokugcina "kwegazi" izakhamuzi edlubulundayo. Fulminant ithangi nokujikijela imise zokugcina European kwemizi umlilo wempi. Kuyisono, mhlawumbe, babulawa futhi ekhubazekile ezinsukwini zakhe zokugcina namahora, kodwa sinjalo isiphetho isosha.

ECzechoslovakia - lizwe zokugcina, akhululwa khona amasosha aseSoviet emva ukuthunjwa Berlin, kodwa impi wayesalokhu kwenzakalani, futhi amasosha, ngezinye izikhathi ukushayela esedlule emizini yabo, waya kuye eMpumalanga Ekude. Zafika lapho, zatholana ayelinde izimpi ne-Japanese. Kodwa lokho omunye indaba ...