Inani kanye isitokwe ukulinganisa

Intengo yabelana, njengoba intengo yimuphi umkhiqizo noma insizakalo, ngokwengxenye enkulu incike kwaneliswe isidingo kumtfombolusito nganoma isiphi isikhathi. Ithuba ukuthenga lokhu noma leso senzo kuxhomeke kulokho ifomu wezomthetho inkampani okuhlangene isitokwe esungulwe ngokukhipha nokwabelana.

Uma kuba avaliwe inkampani okuhlangene isitokwe, umnikazi wamasheya kungenzeka inombolo ngokuqinile elinqunyiwe labantu - abasunguli lenkampani. Lapho edala ukwabelana yenkampani zabiwa phakathi abasunguli ngentengo hhayi ngaphansana kwenani eliyimali elicacisiwe-articles of association futhi imemerandamu inhlangano. Thenga ukwabelana avaliwe inkampani isitokwe ngokuhlanganyela, hhayi ngokuthi ube umnikazi wamasheya, ingasetshenziswa kuphela uma ababethengisa wamasheya, kanye nabanye ababambiqhaza (kwezinye izimo inkampani uqobo) bashiya ukuthenga ngentengo ngaso uphiwa. En isitokwe yokulinganisa kulokhu zingenziwa ngesisekelo idatha ku-amafa net.

amafa Net amelela umehluko phakathi impahla yeNkampani (imaphi amafa zihlanganisa esigabeni sokuqala nesesibili salo balance sheet ngaphandle kwezindleko zokuthenga amasheya kusukela bamasheya, emagalelo lamahle kuya dolobha charter , kanye iinthombe engamancozuncozu intela amafa) kanye nezikweletu. Ubhale izinkinga ezihilelekile zihlanganisa eside izikweletu zonke izinhlobo, yesikhathi esifushane credit ukuzibophezela kanye nezinye izikweletu esifushane uhlelo (ekhombisa inani imithombo ukuze nezikweletu), izikweletu ukuze abakweletwayo futhi bamasheya ku ukukhokhelwa imali, amalungiselelo yezindleko zesikhathi esizayo, kuhlanganise ayilibalanga intela nezikweletu.

I kwaphumela net kwempahla value ihlukaniswe ngenani ukwabelana ngaleyo ndlela ibalwa - kungakanani kukhona nokwabelana. Ulwazi amafa net kwembuleka e ukubhalwa kwemibiko yonyaka yezezimali noma kungaba ibalwe okusekelwe wekota lekuhanjiswa.

Valuation lamasheya esekelwe amafa net kufanelekile amasheya izinkampani adayiswa obala (JSC), ezingalotshwanga lwamasheya luzokwenziwa exchange isitokwe. Kuyingxenye ukuhlaziywa ayisisekelo, okuyinto sihlanganisa ukuhlaziywa isimo somnotho jikelele, ukuhlaziywa umkhakha futhi inkampani uqobo, ogama ukwabelana kuhlelwa ukuthenga. Uma isitokwe adayiswa ku-exchange, kungase intengo njengoba ephakeme net kwempahla ukubaluleka yabelana futhi ngezansi ngamunye. Ngokwesibonelo, ukwabelana Gazprom sika njengoba entwasahlobo 2013 ishibhile izikhathi ezimbili kunenani zabo zisekelwe yokulinganisa amafa net. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kwakungekho funa emakethe lamasheya ngentengo ephakeme.

Uma ungumnikazi isitokwe yokulinganisa kuyinto umnikazi ezingaba izibambiso nobunzima (lo msebenzi kudinga ulwazi olunzulu), isinqumo mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinhlelo amasheya ukuthenga, ungathatha ngesisekelo izinto kohlaziyo ezihlinzekwa amabhange ezinkulu kanye nezinkampani utshalomali. Udinga ukufunda okunye ukubukeza ngizikhethele engikuthandayo, kubaluleke kakhulu hhayi ukutshala amasheya yonke imali yonke imali etholakalayo.

Valuation lamasheya lapho senza izinqumo mayelana ukuthenga kwabo phezu exchange isitokwe kufanele inake izindleko amandla ezimakethe zomhlaba, njengoba umnotho waseRussia kuncike kakhulu kule isici. Uma amanani udedele kakhulu, kungcono ukulinda ngokuthenga. Uma ukuthenga izibambiso nezinqubo zemininingwane yezinye izinkampani zezimayini futhi kufanele acabangele ushintsho izindleko izinto zokusetshenziswa akhiqizwa ezimakethe Russian kanye nephasi loke. Ngenxa yokuthi i-stock market Russian kuncike kakhulu izimali zakwamanye amazwe, udinga ukuba banake ukuhamba Inkomba ku Tokyo, London, New York kanye nezinye Ukuhwebelana isitokwe. Stock amanani ngezinye izikhathi ekuphumeni ilindele kuvalwe ebhukwini, uma ukukhokhwa izinzuzo engabe eziphathekayo noma uma emakethe kwakukhona umthengi elikhulu onekareko inkampani ethile.

Operations izibambiso emakethe adinga isizinda ezithile zezemfundo, ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukuthola ukubuyiselwa nisekeliwe okusezingeni eliphezulu kulo mkhakha, kubalulekile ukutadisha ukuhlaziywa lokubalulekile lobuchwepheshe, kanye ukuze uthole okuhlangenwe nakho abanye.