Incazelo enokwehla - Iyini?

Isayensi kuyinto mkhakha womsebenzi womuntu, sibonga ngalo siba izinga okusezingeni zokuphila (uma iqhathaniswa esidlule). Phakathi nohlaka yayo esetshenziswa izindlela eziningi ezahlukene. Omunye wabo - i enokwehla incazelo. Lokhu idatha nenkanuko edlulele ngokolimi ezikhonjwe ngosizo ababecabanga. Njengoba indlela esetshenziswa zaqala ukusetshenziswa ngo-umkhuba? Le mibuzo kanye neminye izophendulwa kulesi sihloko.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi incazelo enokwehla libhekisela kolwazi lwesayensi zomhlaba. Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, umuntu oye lasebenzisa enye yezingxenye ezibaluleke kakhulu isifundo esinjalo - observation. Kulokhu, yilo siqonde okunenjongo bezibona izenzakalo of ngokoqobo inhloso, lapho ulwazi etholakale mayelana izinhlangothi kwangaphandle izakhiwo kanye nobudlelwane, abase-izinto uyalandelwa. incazelo enokwehla - a indlela yezesayensi ulwazi oluthuthukayo lomhlaba lapho ukuqopha ulwazi ngokusebenzisa ngolimi lwemvelo (nakuba kamuva zaqala ukusetshenziswa futhi yokufakelwa). Yesimanjemanje yenze ezinye izinguquko lalo. Manje izincazelo izinkanuko zihunyushelwa olimini lwesi izimpawu, imiqondo, emadayagramu, emagrafu izibalo. Ngamanye amazwi - bathatha ifomu elaliyoba esikahle kakhulu ukuphathwa okwalandela cwaningo.

izindlela zesayensi

Ngalokhu sisho ecabanga nje yokwenziwa zomhlaba. izindlela zesayensi - uhlobo olukhethekile umsebenzi, okubandakanya khona umuntu afaneleke, njengoba umthetho, usosayensi, into futhi izindlela. Lezi zingozi zihlanganisa ama imishini nezinto ezibonakalayo zenethiwekhi ukudlulisa ulwazi. Isici esibalulekile salo izindlela zesayensi kuyinto ukuqaliswa lokugcilwe kuto ngco. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kukhona imibono kwesikhashana futhi umbono akha umsebenzi wokugcina. Lena i umehluko obalulekile kusuka nokucabanga ezivamile. Ukuqaphelisisa nokusebenzisa incazelo enokwehla - lokhu esihlobene isiqondiso okwagcina abhebhezela futhi udlulise lo Imiphumela usebenzisa izindlela ongokomfanekiso. Khona-ke, eminye ukucutshungulwa, okubandakanya ngezigaba kanye systematization futhi nje okungaqondile.

izinhlobo incazelo

Kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela:

• Ikhwalithi.
• Quantitative.

incazelo qualitative - lena indlela enokwehla, lapho izibalo engasetshenziselwa idatha ukucaciseleka. Izibonelo le ncazelo elandelayo: i-apula eliluhlaza. incazelo quantitative kusho ukusebenza ilimi le-IiMbalo. Futhi enifeza ezihlukahlukene izinqubo nesilinganiso Kusolwa. Ngomqondo ewumngcingo, incazelo ambalwa sibhekisela kuphela nenkanuko edlulele idatha. Umsebenzi ngokuphelele ngisho uthole ubuhlobo enokwehla phakathi imiphumela eyatholakala.

ukuqhathanisa

Kuyinto ngesisekelo ukusebenza nesilinganiso. ukuqhathanisa Ngenxa ukuthola izakhiwo ezifanayo noma uhlangothi amaphrojekthi. Ukuze kube lula, ukusebenzisa amayunithi ezithile, okuyinto enze kube nokwenzeka ukuba baveze izimfanelo ingxenye indlela ambalwa. Lokhu kubandakanya ukusetshenziswa olubanzi amathuluzi zezibalo. Kwezinye izindawo isayensi ungahlangana nge indlela yokuqhathanisa (yezilimi, isayensi yezinto eziphilayo, njll). Uma sikhuluma umqondo ezifana izindlela enokwehla, incazelo Kuyathokozisa kudingekile sokugubha nokumadanisa, ukuze afeze uxhumano obuseduze ucwaningo. Ukuze ngokugcwele ngangokunokwenzeka yolwazi iwukuthi kokungenela efiselekayo izinqubo ezenzeka. Kungase futhi kwenziwe ukuze bathole ulwazi oluthile. Ukuze uqhathanise qualitative kungadalwa nemibandela ukugeleza izifundo elawulwa. It kahle ithinta yokuqinisekisa idatha amaningi uma kunesidingo.

ukuxhumana

Lapho umcwaningi bahileleke ukugeleza umfaniswano inqubo yemvelo, futhi kudala izimo yokufakelwa, akusho ukuthi kuthinta izakhiwo into, abese okuthiwa laqanjwa u-imvelo. Ingcindezi ukukhanya inganikelwa njengesibonelo, imisebe, ikhaliphe moya nokunye okunjalo. Bonke akuzona izinto ezisunguliwe noma ezisunguliwe ngabanye. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo babe zitholiwe izimo zinzima ngokwedlulele, okuyinto wayengu- mdali endoda ngokwayo. Izinqubo ukuthola futhi echaza idatha enokwehla ingahluka, kuzodala inhlanganisela ezintsha kokusebenzisana, kodwa izakhiwo izohlala zonke okufanayo. Ngakho kusukela leli phuzu ezithakazelisayo. Etholwe ngesikhathi izici experiment ngesikhathi esifanayo angabhekwa ngezindlela ezimbili: ngokuya imisebenzi yomuntu kanye nemvelo. Kanjani it is ziqondwe? Nasi Isifaniso: umcwaningi ebuza imibuzo, nemvelo linikeza izimpendulo. indima yezengqondo zokuhlolwa hhayi kuphela iqiniso lokuthi ukunikeza abantu ulwazi olusha, kodwa futhi ukuvela puzzle nezinkinga lokho, zidinga ucwaningo olusha entsha.

Incazelo amaqiniso

Lokhu kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuthuthukiswa ulwazi lwesayensi. Incazelo amaqiniso eyenziwa sinombono ekutadisheni kwabo okwalandela nocwaningo, kanye sifinyelela iziphetho. Ngakho-ke, lo msebenzi ingaphezu wemfanelo. Futhi okokugcina ngenxa yokuthi phezu wamazwe kuthé ingozi subjectivism kanye nokubuyekeza eyodwa emaceleni ezenzekayo. Ake uphendule le mibuzo ukuze uqonde ukubaluleka ukuthi kusho ukuchaza Eqinisweni nokuthi le nqubo kumele kwenziwe? Lapho umcwaningi uchaza Eqinisweni, okusho ukuthi iphendula umbuzo ukuthi linjani, inquma izakhiwo esivela kuwo. Ekulinganisweni ulwazi, wenze ukushiyana kwezidalwa ezithile. Ngenxa eziningi izici ukuhlukanisa amafomu ahlukahlukene kanye ngolwazi enokwehla. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kwi umsebenzi umcwaningi ukuze asebenzelane nabo bonke umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama kanye izici ngazo uwuphatha. Lokhu kungakuvimbela ekungeneni lowo muntu usebenza yedwa. Ngakho-ke, ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle futhi uthole Chile kangcono kukhona inhlangano emaqenjini ucwaningo. Yiqiniso, lokhu akusona isiqinisekiso sokuthi wonke amaqiniso kuzoxoxwa kanye ngangokunokwenzeka. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo likhuluma ngokuphela ekuthuthukiseni izinga lomsebenzi kanye nokucabangela kangcono amaqiniso uphenyo esewonke.

isiphetho

Isayensi - ngesisekelo umphakathi wesintu. incazelo enokwehla - nsuku esasetshenziswa kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo futhi namanje awalulahlanga ukubaluleka kwabo. Kuyadingeka yini kuphela ososayensi, kodwa futhi kungaba wusizo ukuthi bonke abanye abantu emphakathini. Kungase kubonakale kuyihaba, uma hhayi amaqiniso - abasebenzi ulwazi abasebenzela futhi udale into entsha, ukuhambisa intuthuko phambili. Ngokwesibonelo budebuduze ukufuna - kwanele ukhumbule, isibonelo, program, onjiniyela, owamukela noma abasunguli bezinto. Yiqiniso, umsebenzi wabo udinga semali ukwazi, kepha inzuzo emphakathini isobala. Ngakho-ke, uma kukhona isifiso sokuthuthuka ekuphileni okungcono, akufanele sidebeselele kungenzeka yokufunda nokukhula, lapho indlela enokwehla linendima ebalulekile.