Linguistics. Unkamisa umsindo, ngezigaba yonkamisa

Onke amazwi isiRashiya kukhona onkamisa. Ukwahlukanisa onkamisa wafunda hhayi kuphela ezikoleni kodwa futhi amanyuvesi. I ukwaziswa okunikezwa kulesi sihloko, kakhulu ewusizo kubafundi-Philologists. Ngenxa wakhe, bakwazi ukufunda izisekelo amafonethiki isiRashiya. Isihloko iqukethe amaqiniso eziningana ezithakazelisayo mayelana onkamisa.

Ifonetikisi kanye neziLimi. ulwazi olujwayelekile

Linguistics (Linguistics) - isayensi study lokhu noma lokhuya ulimi, kanye nemisebenzi yayo, isakhiwo sangaphakathi kanye nemithetho kusebenta kwato. Awezolimi kuhlobene eduze neminye imikhakha eziningi zokuphila futhi edlala indima ebalulekile empilweni yawo wonke umuntu. Awezolimi is zithandelana umlando, imivubukulo, ethnography, izincwadi, Psychology, izitho zomzimba, anthropology, nefilosofi.

Izincwadi ukutadisha nemisindo yamagama. Ukwahlukanisa onkamisa, ongwaqa okwethulwa kulesi legatsha isayensi. Ifonetikisi, njengengxenye yezilimi, nayo ukutadisha amaqoqo ezinhlamvu, umsindo inhlanganisela futhi amaphethini uxhumano yabo. Lokhu isayensi kwamiswa ekhulwini le-17. Ukudalwa kwawo kwakubangelwa nesidingo semfundo ka abayizithulu-mutes. Ngekhulu le-18 kwaba ukuqala imfundiso yokuziphendukela acoustic yonkamisa.

unkamisa umsindo

Ukwahlukanisa unkamisa umsindo isiRashiya kubaluleke kakhulu ukuze izazi zezilimi. Ekuqaleni kwalo ukufunda esikoleni, kodwa imfundo eyengeziwe enemininingwane inikezwa kuphela abafundi-Philologists. Onkamisa - ingenye izinhlobonhlobo imisindo, ku ukuhambisana lapho emoyeni akusho uhlangabezana izithiyo ezinkulu. Ngakho ingcindezi enkulu kudalwa phezu amalaka.

Acoustically ukuhambisana unkamisa umsindo umelwe oscillation gqwa. Ukwahlukanisa onkamisa nemisindo ukuhlukanisa izimpawu ezihlukahlukene achazwe kulo magazini. Umehluko ukuhambisana kufezwa ngokusebenzisa izinguquko ukuma ngalo ingaphakathi. Ngo isiRashiya kukhona 10 onkamisa.

Onkamisa ngokusebenzisa ukuhambisana acoustic futhi ngokuthi imisindo zomculo. Ngaphansi kuzo kuhilela futhi izinhlamvu babe umsindo ofanayo. Kulokhu, nokusetshenziswa kwegama elithi "unkamisa umsindo".

izimpawu yonkamisa

Unkamisa umsindo kanye ngezigaba zabo babe ezinye izici ezivamile. Babazi zonke sezilimi. Lesi sihloko sichaza ezinye zazo:

1. Uphawu lokuqala - kuyanda. Lihlobene nokubhekana ubuso ulimi umzimba mpo. Kunezinhlobo ezine izinhlobo yokutakula: Upper; yesibili engenhla; Maphakathi nawo-phansi; ephansi. Akuwona wonke ngezilimi atholakala zonke izinhlobo ngamakheshi. Ngokwesibonelo, e isiRashiya, kukhona eyodwa kuphela naphakathi-ups.
2. Esinye isici - inombolo. It is kuchazwe ovundlile ulimi isikhundla ngesikhathi ukuhambisana. Kukhona uchungechunge ezintathu: Front; isilinganiso; labaqaphi elingemuva.
3. Labialization onkamisa elihlobene ne yokuma izindebe. Ngokwesibonelo, imisindo labial okushiwo ngu esisuka izindebe phambili.
4. Phonation lihlotshaniswa vibration yezwi.

ngezigaba Acoustic yonkamisa

Zonke onkamisa akhiwa ngokusebenzisa iphimbo. Zingaba kokubili ukushaqeka unstressed. It kuncike indawo yabo igama elithile. Kuye lokhu, onkamisa abizwa ngokuthi banamandla noma babuthakathaka. Kulo mBhalo imisindo iDemo uThandeka. Ngezinye ukuphinyiselwa kwawo ayidingekile esishubile yezwi. onkamisa Namandla uzwakale amade. Lapho ukuphimisela isidingo sabo ukuba nzima izintambo zakho vocal.

Ithoni yonkamisa - ke nesamorazlichitelnaya isici. Kungaba adlulisele isimo esingokomzwelo isikhulumi noma incazelo yohlelo noma umusho. Ngokwesibonelo, uma interrogative, le unkamisa ukuthi linencazelo enkulu, wamemezela ithoni ephakeme.

Lezi zincwadi engcono kakhulu yokufunda amafonethiki isiRashiya

Ukwahlukanisa onkamisa nongwaqa linendima ebalulekile ekutadisheni isiRashiya. Kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izincwadi ezengeziwe ekufundiseni. Akukhona ukuthi kumane kuqondane, ngoba ukuze ufunde amafonethiki ngokugcwele, kudinga semali isikhathi nomzamo. Ngaphandle ukusetshenziswa izincwadi ekhethekile izinga imfundo kungenzeka. Lesi sihloko ubala izincwadi ezingcono kakhulu, lapho Ukwahlukaniswa onkamisa nongwaqa.

Incwadi ethi "amafonethiki yolimi lwanamuhla Russian", ogama kumbhali - Bulanin LL, ihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe incazelo isiRashiya esekelwe jikelele imibono kwezilimi ifonotiki L. V Scherby esikoleni. Le ncwadi - incwadi abafundi kolimi. Incwadi kuveza Yiqiniso ezincwadini isiRashiya. Iqukethe ngezahluko.

"IsiRashiya Ifonetikisi Morphology Ukupela ..." - omunye izincwadi ezingcono kakhulu. AI Moiseev - umlobi. Iqukethe 254 amakhasi amaningi aqukethe ukwaziswa theory. Incwadi engachazi nje ukuhlala ngezigaba yokukhuluma imisindo (onkamisa, ongwaqa), kodwa futhi ngesisekelo morphology futhi yokubhala. Inhloso yalencwadi yokucacisa uqeqesho ukuthuthukisa ulwazi professional we uthisha abafundi ulimi kanye kolimi Russian.

Incwadi "amafonethiki zomlando ka isiRashiya," esanyatheliswa ngo-1980. Umbhali wayo - Kolesov V. Le ncwadi iqukethe Amakhasi 214. Lichaza ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo ifonotiki ulimi Russian. Ngokukhethekile ikhokhelwa izinqubo zonke-Russian namalimi wemiphakathi. Yonke imininingwane enikeziwe encwadini, kusekelwa impahla oluyiqiniso emithonjeni ehlukahlukene.

"Ifonetikisi teLulwimi Modern Russian" - incwadi kabani umbhali Girzheva GN It yanyatheliswa ngonyaka odlule. Injongo ebhukwinitifundvo - kutfutfukisa kuvisisa abafundi 'kohlelo umsindo umsebenzi ulimi, kanye ukwakha umqondo amayunithi umsindo.

zezilimi eziningi iminyaka eminingi ukuhlola umsindo wenkulumo. Ukwahlukanisa onkamisa kanye ongwaqa - kungcono umsebenzi onzima ngempela. Ukuze uthole ivolumu ephelele yolwazi ibalulekile ukusebenzisa izincwadi ezengeziwe.

Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo unkamisa umsindo "a" futhi "o"

I unkamisa "a" ingenye main futhi ezivamile ngezilimi eziningi zomhlaba. Lokhu into yokuqala ifunda ukuphimisa nosana. Ochwepheshe bathi umsindo "a" elikhona ngokuphelele zonke izilimi zomhlaba. By endleleni, ngo Ubykh iyona unkamisa kuphela. ku kufanekisa ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi zonke izincwadi zihlobene 'a'.

Le ncwadi "a" has a umsuka waseFenike, kanye nabanye abaningi. Isimiso amagama amaningi, yena uchazwa ngokuthi unxantathu nge cross phakathi. Ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi limelela ikhanda enkunzi. Lesi silwane ahlonishwe ngokukhethekile abaseFenike. Ngo ubuKristu, unkamisa "a" libhekisela amanxeba amahlanu likaJesu Kristu.

Umsindo "o" kuyinto endala kakhulu. Le ncwadi yayiyingxenye zamagama waseFenike neminyaka engaphezu kwengu-3 eyinkulungwane edlule. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, yena ayikashintshi. Ibandla kanye ekuqaleni zamagama zesiCyrillic incwadi kuzwakala "ku".

Le ncwadi "e", "e", "w", "Mina"

indima ebalulekile eyadlalwa onkamisa isiRashiya. Ukwahlukanisa onkamisa kusenza siqonde indlela efanele athi ukuthi igama elithile. Le ncwadi "e", "e", "w", "Mina", esemgwaqweni ngemva ungwaqa ukuze ukhombise umsungulo yayo. Kulokhu, abakubonisayo umsindo unkamisa.

Akuyona imfihlo ukuthi incwadi "e", "e", "w", "Mina" kwezinye izimo kungenzeka ezohlobo 2 imisindo. Lokhu kungenzeka uma omunye wabo itholakala ekuqaleni izwi. Ngokwesibonelo, igama elithi "fir" Kuzwakala [def] l. Le ncwadi has a umsindo ezimbalwa uma kwenzeka ukuthi itholakala emva unkamisa. Ngokwesibonelo, wokukhanya. Leso simo ifonotiki futhi kwenzeka endabeni ngemuva unkamisa kuyinto uphawu kanzima noma soft.

Le ncwadi "s" futhi ukuqedwa yayo

Umsindo "y" kuyinto unkamisa. Kubangela ngokungaqondi phezu ingxenye abantu bakwamanye amazwe befisa ukufunda isiRashiya. Sinenkosi ephezu kwenkathi ende ukuqeqeshwa abaqondi ukulibiza umsindo. Phonology bamchaza njengomuntu eduze maphakathi unkamisa unrounded. Lokhu eziningi ezinengqondo zitholakala ngezilimi eziningi zomhlaba.

Umsindo "s" basakaza phakathi namaMongol abantu Turkic. umehluko Zvukosmyslovye izinhlamvu "s" futhi "futhi" ukwakha uchungechunge entsha amazwi nasemiqondweni ethile.

Eminyakeni emibili edlule, uVladimir Zhirinovsky uhlongoza ukususa incwadi "s" of isiRashiya. Uthi-ke engekho kunoma yiluphi ulimi European. Futhi angikwazi ukukhuluma, hhayi kuphela abantu bezinye izizwe, kodwa futhi izingane. Ochwepheshe bathi ukususa izinhlamvu nomsindo kungaba, kodwa kuzodala izinkinga ngolimi lolukhulunywako kanye nelulwimi lolubhalwako kuphela.

Abanye ochwepheshe bangase baphikise ngokuthi ukugxambukela ukuthuthukiswa kolimi ifonotiki akunakwenzeka. isakhiwo Sound kwamiswa emakhulwini amaningi bebodwa, nolimi lwakhe ichaza uqobo.

Kwaphela iminyaka eminingi, kwakheka ongwaqa kanye onkamisa. Ukwahlukanisa onkamisa, ongwaqa kanye nentuthuko yabo zichazwe amaphepha isayensi eziningi Philologists izazi.

Lolu cwaningo yonkamisa

Lolu cwaningo yonkamisa kubangela ubunzima izingane. Kukhona amasu ahlukahlukene evumela abazali nothisha ukwenza yokufunda wengane ngendlela ephumelela kakhudlwana. Ukuze afundise izingane ukufunda nge amaqoqo ezinhlamvu, kubalulekile nokuba bamazi, abuye ahlukanisa phakathi onkamisa. Isifundo sokuqala kubalulekile ukufunda nengane engaphansi kuka 4 izinhlamvu. Bonke kufanele libhalwe amakhadi. Phakathi kwesifundo kungasetjenziswa, umntwana kufanele njalo uyibone. Akubalulekile nje kuphela kuze kuvele uhlamvu kodwa futhi ukuba asho ke. Ngalokho umntwana uzokubizwa uyikhumbule zibukeke futhi sokuzwa.

Esifundweni yesibili, kubalulekile ukuphinda esesizifundile kakade izinhlamvu futhi uqhubekele ukutadisha ezimbili. Ukuze yazi ingane nge onkamisa kuyinto izifundo 5.

efingqa

indima Kakhulu eyadlalwa onkamisa isiRashiya. Ukwahlukanisa onkamisa Manje uyazi. Kuyoba usizo hhayi kuphela zezilimi, kodwa futhi nalabo abanesithakazelo ekuthuthukiseni amafonethiki isiRashiya. Lapho ukuqeqeshwa nakho kubalulekile ukusebenzisa izincwadi ezengeziwe.