Incazelo: ezezimali - kuba imali, imali. Ukwakhiwa bese usebenzisa Ezezimali

Njengoba le ncazelo izimali - kuwumphumela ubudlelwane yemali ezimweni ezithile izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho. Ukuze nesenzakalo yabo njengoba sphere ehlukile ubudlelwane kwezomnotho kudingeka ukuba kube khona isimo lapho kukhona futhi luqondane usesimweni ethile zomlando ngesikhathi lahlukene izici ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi:

• ekwakhekeni, kanye nokwamukelwa amalungelo endawo nempahla abathile sinika inoma iluphi usizo, izimpahla, umhlaba, inqwaba yezinto zemvelo nezinye;
• uhlelo kumiswa kwezinkambiso zomthetho lapho sisebenzelana nabanye impahla;
• ukubukeka zomphakathi ezihlukahlukayo amaqembu isakhamuzi;
• ekuqiniseni umbuso njengoba ephathini ebonisa izithakazelo wonke umphakathi, kanye yokufuna isimo sabo ubunikazi.

Yini akha?

kuphakama kuphela uma kwenzeka ukuthi kukhona omunye kwesisekelo ezivamile Zonke mibandela engenhla - amazinga ngokwanele ezinkulu zokukhiqiza, ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle, ukwandisa ezingeni imali sabantu, kanye kokweqa imingcele zazo ziyadingeka ukuze siphile begazi. Creation, ukusatshalaliswa, kanye nokusetshenziswa okwalandela yemali engenayo yisimo eziyisisekelo ababebeka zisekelwe njengesiqondiso ncazelo. Ezezimali - lena imali lomuntu othile. Kulokhu, kwezezimali zihlanganisa izidingo abanikazi.

Ukuze lowo muntu uzovela, futhi kudinga i elifanele ukuthuthukiswa komnotho imali, imali okuqhubekayo kwezimali ngendlela yenqwaba, kanye ukudalwa futhi isicelo ngokucophelela imisebenzi yabo eyinhloko. Konke lokhu likhona definition eziyisisekelo. Ezezimali - inzuzo yemali, futhi ubuhlobo obunjalo nganoma iyiphi indlela ezithinta nempahla. Kuyadingeka ukuba ukuqonde ukuthi lokhu kuhlanganisa hhayi kuphela imali, kodwa futhi ubudlelwane impahla, futhi le ndaba njalo umnikazi ethize. Kungenxa inqubo yokwabiwa kanye nokusetshenziswa yinzuzo yemali, okuyinto esesandleni sakhe, ngamunye owayekhona ithuba bona izithakazelo zabo and definition yabo. Ezezimali - ithuluzi umuntu osemthethweni noma yemvelo ngamunye, ngalo ephumelelisa izinjongo zayo.

izinsiza

Ayikho izinqumo ezinkulu zezombangazwe noma kwezomnotho ngeke lisetshenziswe uma bebengakaxoxi kwenziwe ukuhlolwa eningiliziwe inani yinzuzo yemali, ezazidingeka kuwo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umuntu ngamunye uyaqonda ukuthi ezezimali ezinjalo, uyazi ukuthi ukusatshalaliswa futhi ukuqongelela izimali iba uhlamvu eziqondiwe amafomu uyinto ezifana "imithombo yezimali". izimali ezimele, okuyinto zanqwabelana futhi abelwe ngenhloso letsite, bajwayele ezihlukahlukene zezomnotho, zezombangazwe, ezenhlalo, amasiko, isayensi kanye eziningi nezinye izinjongo.

Ngokusekelwe yokuthi ezezimali ezinjalo, imithombo zimele enqwabelene engenayo, okuyinto enzelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo eziqondile. Basinike amasevisi ngayinye isinyathelo , ukungena kwemali kusukela ekwakhekeni yabo futhi kokuqeda usebenzisa. Njengoba izimali ngenxa indlela lapho imali ihamba, le njalo ukuhamba kwayo kunomthelela oqonde ngqo kuso. Ezimweni eziningi, le oyithandayo kwegazi ngenzuzo kuhlanganisa izigaba ezintathu:

• oyinhloko;
• yesibili (ukwabiwa kabusha komhlaba);
• ukuphela (ukusetshenziswa).

Ngakho, ezezimali zihlobene ngokuqondile imali indlela eyakheke, basakaza futhi wasebenzisa.

eyinhloko

Ukwakheka engenayo eyinhloko kungenxa ukuqaliswa kanye nokusakazwa inzuzo, okuholela kusuka kunoma iyiphi imikhiqizo isevisi noma lezimpahla. Kusukela ukukhiqizwa impatho engcono ezimweni eziningi kuyinto eqhubekayo, ngesikhathi sokwenza umsebenzi kudinga ukwabiwa ingxenye ethile ukuqhutshwa ukunikeza kakhulu lokhu phambili.

Ezezimali emakethe sihlinzekela ukusungulwa imali eyinhloko ngenxa liqhuba ukukhiqizwa enwetshiwe kwezimpahla, okuyinto isevisi imali.

ukusatshalaliswa

Ingabe ukudalwa engenayo eyinhloko, esekelwe semali isiyonke. Kulokhu kukhona ukusatshalaliswa yesibili okungase kwenziwe izinyathelo ezimbalwa futhi ine uhlobo amaningi.

Noma yimuphi inqubo ukukhiqizwa elikhonza emakethe ezezimali, ukuphela ukwabiwa kokuqala izimali, ngaphandle okuyinto kumane nje akunakwenzeka ukunikeza sathuthukisa ezomnotho. Kulokhu, yemali engenayo ukusatshalaliswa noma kunjalo wakhonza izimali. Zokwabiwa kwezinsiza kusebenza ezifanele ekwandeni zokukhiqiza lungeza ngezindlela eziyisisekelo eziningana:

• amortization of imishini ehlukahlukene;
• Inkokhelo izindleko into etholakala;
• ukwethulwa iqashwe;
• credit isithakazelo;
• iholo bonke abasebenzi abathintekayo inqubo ukukhiqizwa ngubani.

Ngemva ke kwenziwa i ukusatshalaliswa kokuqala inqubo imali engenayo lokwabiwa kabusha iqalisiwe, ukuthi, baqale iholo yesibili. Ngokuyinhloko, lokhu kuhlanganisa intela futhi iminikelo zomshwalense wezenhlalo, ezenkolo, ezamasiko nezinye izinhlangano eziningi.

ukuqaliswa

Isigaba sokugcina ukusatshalaliswa imali Ukuqaphela kwabo, futhi babizwa ezilinganiselwe. inkonzo Ezezimali ikuvumela ukuba asebenzise ingxenye ethile yemali sokugcina futhi kunalokho wabaqondisa kunoma yokonga ekuqongeleleni. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi inqubo ukusatshalaliswa kuthintwa hhayi kuphela izimali kodwa futhi izindleko zokukhiqiza.

Njengoba inqubo ukugcwaliseka ngokheshi sinika inoma iluphi usizo, izimpahla noma yini enye ekhiqizwa ngamanani fixed, Dynamics yabo kunomthelela oqonde ngqo kulezi izinqubo. Kunamandla intengo ushintsho kwenzeka nganoma iyiphi indlela, inzuzo yemali ngaphezulu uqala dengeza bese unyakaza ikakhulukazi ngqo olunje ngokuya kwamandla emali.

izingxenye Ezezimali njengoba yezinhlobo yinzuzo yemali zingase zenze ezihlukahlukene amafomu. Ukuze ekhona imithombo wemboni ukumela engxenyeni ethile inzuzo ngoba umndeni - iqoqo imali yawo wonke amalungu alo, futhi isabelomali isimo - isamba izimali zawo.

Kangakanani ukusatshalaliswa futhi Ukusabalalisa kabusha?

Kunezindlela lenqwaba yamabhizinisi, okuyinto eyenziwa kanye nesilinganiso sabantu ezezimali kanye nokuhlinzekwa izinsiza. Kungokwemvelo ukuthi abasebenzisi okungaba amathuluzi lezo zihlobo zingenawo amandla ukucacisa naleyo izinhlangano kwezomnotho ngabanye noma ngamunye isakhamuzi ngabanye. Kule ndaba, kukhona inkinga kanjani ukuhlanganisa ukonga disparate kumanani amakhulu ezimalini ngokubona kweBhodi lingatholakala ezihlongozwayo ukusetshenziswa kwabanye zimali ezinkulu ezingaba khona.

Ukuxazulula lezi zimpikiswano, ukusetshenziswa izimali esiphathiswe abaxhumanisi ezikhethekile, okungase amabhange, izimali mutual kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali, zonke izinhlobo nezinkampani, izinhlangano kanye nezinye izikhungo eziningi, ukuqongelela imithombo mahhala futhi kamuva ukukhokha iphesenti ezithile.

Bakhangwa izinsiza abaxhumanisi Ilungiselelwe njengengxenye aboleke imali noma kungenzeka atshalwe izibambiso ahlukahlukene. Ukwakhiwa kwezikhungo zemali enjalo (inzuzo yabo) limelela umehluko phakathi inzalo ekhokhiwe ku Ngaboleka imali, futhi okuyinto etholwe enikeziwe.

Direct umnikazi imali ukonga unelungelo ukudlulisa izimali nganoma iyiphi izinkampani utshalomali noma amabhange, futhi kungaba ngokuqondile ukuthenga izibopho ezithile futhi amasheya ephethwe bezinhlangano ezimbonini. Kodwa kumelwe Kunembile ukuba uqonde ukuthi ngisho esimweni sesibili uzobe ebhekene abaxhumanisi njengoba broker wabenza, okuyizinto abahlanganyeli professional emakethe yezimali. Abathengisi ehilelekile ekufezeni imisebenzi bebodwa, ukuthi isebenza kuphela ngenxa yabo, kuyilapho wabathengi simele izintshisekelo amaklayenti babo, ukuchitha imali yabo futhi izimali.

amathuluzi

Imakethe yesimanje sezimali sinikeza ezingaba zimali amathuba abanzi ngoba capital investment ngokusebenzisa ukuthengwa izibopho ezingokwezimali inani elikhulu izinhlangano kwezomnotho, futhi lezi ukuzibophezela abizwa ngokuthi "kwezezimali". Kahle kahle, lokhu kuhlanganisa amabhondi, amasheya, izitifiketi zezimali ezitshaliwe izikweletu zokwenana, ikusasa izinkontileka kanye nezinye izibambiso eziningi.

Ngenxa ezihlukahlukene kunalokho ebanzi amathuluzi etholakalayo ithonya ezezimali kuvumela abanikazi ehlukahlukene iphothifoliyo yabo, okungukuthi, ukusabalalisa ekuqongeleleni izibopho izinhlangano ezehlukene kanye nezikhungo yasebhange. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuba baqonde kahle, ukuthi ukuzibophezela okunjalo kuyoba imali ehlukene, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, bayoba ezahlukene, futhi ngamazinga ahlukene riskiness. Uma inkampani ethile uyogcina hamba ayinamali, utshalomali ke izonakekelwa ezinye, ngakho-ke njalo kwenziwe isimiso iphothifoliyo diversification, "awukwazi ukubeka konke kubhasikidi owodwa."

ubudlelwane

ubudlelwane lwezezimali zihlobene ngokuqondile ukusatshalaliswa, ukwabiwa kabusha komhlaba, futhi ukusetshenziswa ngokwengeziwe izimali. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi mkhuba yabo eyinhloko kwenzeka ngisho ukusatshalaliswa engenayo eyinhloko.

ubudlelwane lwezezimali, okuyinto akhiwa ngokuqondene ukheshi kanye akhonza ngokuqondile izimali umjikelezo cishe zonke amabhizinisi nabantu ngabanye. Abahlanganyeli eziyinhloko:

• bonke abakhiqizi, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi basebenza ukuthi endaweni ethile;
• isimo kanye labantu;
• credit ezikhethekile nezinye izikhungo zezimali kanye nezikhungo yasebhange;
• izinhlangano ezingenzi inzuzo mali.

Ngokuhamba sokuthuthuka, ubudlelwane zezimali nokwakha credit, abese eqala khona, uvalwe yokuxoxisana nabo.

imisebenzi

Izimali kukhona nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana emkhakheni ekwakhekeni, ukusatshalaliswa, futhi ukusetshenziswa ngokwengeziwe izimali kwezimali, okuyinto luwumgogodla main wabo.

ubudlelwane lwezezimali akhiwa izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho ethize wadala ngenxa ukuthuthukiswa impucuko. Imibandela eyinhloko nesenzakalo yabo yilezi:

• kumiswa kanye nokuqinisa isimo waqala empilweni yansuku zonke omphakathi;
• ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo of exchange of imikhiqizo ehlukene yokusikwa ukuvela izimali;
• ukudalwa ubunikazi eyimfihlo imikhiqizo ehlukene zomsebenzi;
• ukuthuthukiswa sebuholi umthetho ngokwezifiso.

Ezezimali nemisebenzi - control, ukusatshalaliswa futhi emnandi.

rockstar

Lokhu umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu, ngangokunokwenzeka evulekile essence yabo. Siqukethe eqinisweni lokuthi uhlelo asanda kusungulwa kwezomnotho, intengo kumele sandiswe ngokuhambisana ngokugcwele izidingo eziyisisekelo kuhulumeni kanye nomphakathi, kanye namathuluzi asetshenziswa ukuze kufinyelelwe lo mgomo, isinyathelo ngqo izimali. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukwakheka yabo ngezithukuthuku izimali, kodwa ngakolunye, izindleko izindleko kanye nezimali extra olunikezwa kumiswa engenayo yesibili, esinikela ukusatshalaliswa okunye futhi ukuhanjiswa GDP ngokusebenzisa uhlelo lwezimali.

Okuqukethwe le nqubo ukuhamba inzuzo, ngoba udabula zonke lezi izinqubo. Kule ndaba, futhi zabelwe ukusatshalaliswa zamabanga aphansi naphezulu.

Ngokuyinhloko, ihlukaniswe izigaba ezintathu eziyinhloko ukunyakazisa imali, ngokuhambisana ukuthi eyinhloko ifomu, secondary inzuzo yokugcina.

engenayo Primary eyenziwe ukusatshalaliswa ukuqhutshwa etholakele ukuthengiswa kwezimpahla. Inani inzuzo lihlukaniswe yisikhwama, lapho isinxephezelo izindleko impahla kuzona inqubo ukukhiqizwa, kanye enikeziwe iholo abasebenzi kanye netinzuzo umnikazi. Lokhu kudala imali eyisisekelo ukuthi uthola umnikazi yezici ukukhiqizwa, kodwa lapha sihlanganisa izintela engaqondile ebekwa umthetho osebenzayo.

In esigabeni imali eyinhloko yesibili yokukhokha izintela oqondile, umshuwalense, zomshwalense wezenhlalo, kanye ukuba asize abantu abakhubazekile. Kulokhu, izimali elalisanda kumiswa izimali, kuhlanganise izabelomali amazinga ehlukene kahulumeni kanye nezimali ezihlukahlukene ezingewona mali, ukukhokhelwa wenza, emele ububanzi okungezona izinto kwabasebenzi, othisha, odokotela, izisebenzi zombuso, notaries, zempi nakwezinye izakhiwo eziningi.