Indlala yegilo - wukuthi emzimbeni? Umsebenzi futhi yegilo isifo

Thyroid kungokwalabo esigabeni zemizimba ukuthi abe nomthelela obalulekile wonke umzimba. Ngakho-ke, yisiphi isifo kwaba nemiphumela emibi, njengoba kwaba njalo endabeni ngokunganaki ukwelashwa ngisho ukukhubazeka noma umphumela ebulalayo. Ngokuya ngaleli qiniso, kubalulekile ukuhlola kungenzeka iziyaluyalu ukusebenza indlala yegilo.

Kuyini yegilo

Lokhu iyingxenye ebalulekile nezindlala endocrine. Njengoba umsebenzi wayo oyinhloko ukunquma hormone okukuvumela yesondlo esitebeleni yenqubo homeostasis. Ngaphandle kwale umsebenzi ephelele wonke umzimba akunakwenzeka.

Kuyinto indlala yegilo unxantathu kwegilo ngaphambili entanyeni iphahlwe ngenhla kumila mandible, ngezansi - notch jugular we sternum, futhi izinhlangothi - emaphethelweni phambi kwesokunxele nakwesokudla imisipha sternocleidomastoid. Njengoba ekhula indawo yomuntu yomzimba zingashintsha kancane. Isibonelo, uma izingane yensimbi eqondiswa ezingeni uqwanga egilo engeziwe, le abantu eneminyaka engu yena kwehlisa kakhulu ngezansi (kuba kuleyo ndawo ukuthi umzimba yakha okuthiwa goiter sternal).

Amapharamitha kanye nokusungulwa

Indlala yegilo indlala - umzimba owakhiwa iyizingxenye ezimbili futhi lesi siqephu sezwe. Pereshek uqobo ngqo phezu phambi kuqhoqhoqho. Kodwa isabelo ohlangothini eduze kwesokunxele nakwesokudla. Kwezinye izimo ukutholakala isithakazelo ezengeziwe has simise pyramidal.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi le ndlala yegilo - iyona element ngobukhulu kohlelo endocrine. Ngesikhathi esifanayo sakhe sokunene Lobe kunangendlela kwesokunxele, futhi lubonakala ngokuqina vascularization luningi. Ekhuluma isisindo egilo, ngokuvamile zokhahlamba kusuka 20 kuya ku-60 grams. Futhi leli nani kwandisa phakathi nesikhathi sokuthomba kunciphe lapho kuqala zokuguga.

Abathandwayo Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi indlala yegilo e abesifazane ngaphasi kunabobabe, nakuba ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa kuba ezinkudlwana. Futhi kule umzimba, okuyinto ingenye perfused kakhulu, ebonakala ngokuxhuma capsule yangaphandle futhi kwangaphakathi. Kuyinto capsule yangaphandle has indima ebaluleke kumiswa nemisipha, kudingeka silungise indlala phezu kuqhoqhoqho kanye umphimbo.

Inqubo liningi igazi

Indlala yegilo - iyona umzimba lapho ukuqedela umsebenzi imali enkulu igazi ezidingekayo. Kungenxa yalesi sizathu ukuthi ine emithambo yegazi okukhulu izinhlelo lwemithambo athuthukile. Uma siqhathanisa ukushuba ukugeleza izingxenye ezihlukahlukene zomzimba, indlala yegilo indlala kuzoba izikhathi 50 namandla kunomFilisti e kwezintambo zesivikelo sesifuba kwemisipha. Lesi sibalo kungaba ukwandisa kakhulu uma kwenzeka izifo ukuthi ahambisana ukwanda kwama-hormone.

ukugeleza kwegazi ku indlala yegilo Kwenziwa esebenzisa ezimbili engenhla nengezansi yegilo lemithambo akha phakathi kwabo anastomoses. Outflow legazi lymph kungenxa umsebenzi asebenzayo we izinhlelo pooling eyeqile lymph. Endabeni ka izimo zokucabanga okubangelwa isifo ndlala futhi yegilo eqabulayo okukhipha tireoblokiruyuschie immunoglobulin, ayisiza kanye namasosha omzimba antithyroid.

Innervation we indlala yegilo senziwa Sibonga kungenzeka ukuba Amahlumela we emsipheni vagus futhi amagatsha ganglia wesibeletho.

i-hormone umsebenzi

Kuwufanele ukukhumbula ukuthi indlala yegilo - elementi ohlelweni endocrine. Ngakho, kunengqondo ukukhuluma mayelana ukukhiqizwa kwama-hormone. Lokhu umzimba bukhipha ezintathu izinhlobo izinto: calcitonin (hormone peptide) futhi isici ezimbili iodine-equkethe - thyroxine futhi triiodothyronine. Kuyasiza synthesize esidlule ingxenye apical we epithelium yegilo nesikhala intrafollikulyarnoe (nemphumela esinqunyiwe). Ekwakhiweni calcitonin kungenxa indlala thymus kanye parathyroid ngosizo asebenzayo C-cells. Ngaphandle kwayo, kwakungeke kwaba isiqondiso kungenzeka potassium ne phosphorus umzimba emzimbeni womuntu.

Eqinisweni, i- hormone yegilo - into libhekene umsebenzi begazi. Ngalesi umsebenzi, it yisiphi imiphumela ku omzimba ahlukahlukene akude.

Tirioidnye hormone, isibonelo, ziyadingeka ngempumelelo synthesize namaprotheni izicubu kanye izitho. A reserve them is thyroglobulin. Kodwa injongo eyinhloko we-hormone yegilo - yilungiselelo zamakhemikhali eziningi kakhulu ukudlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni amandla adingwa umzimba ngoba ukusebenza evamile, ngisho uphumule.

Ukulawulwa kwendlala yegilo i-hormone - liyisici ngaphandle okuyinto kusuka kube nzima kakhulu ukulungisa umsebenzi inhliziyo, peristalsis emathunjini kanye nokugcinwa nzile lokushisa lomzimba oyifunayo.

Semfene kule ndlala

Kuthiwa ama-hormone ube nemiphumela ephawulekayo kokuphelele umzimba, nokugcina basal rate umzimba ezingeni oyifunayo. Ngakho-ke, uma Okungaphezu kwalokhu exchange yanda, futhi lokhu kusilela - is ekunqandeni.

Zonke kungenzeka yegilo isifo zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo eziningana eziyisisekelo:

- izifo ephelezelwa ukwehla izinga lama-hormone - hypothyroidism;

- pathologies lapho lenyuka zamagama hormone (i-hyperthyroidism);

- izifo ukuthi kuba khona ushintsho emsebenzini obusebenzayo nezindlala kodwa inkanuko yobulili morphological eshintsha oyiyo (Hyperplasia, goiter kumiswa ifindo njll).

Enye yezimbangela eziyinhloko okuholela ukuvela uthi sokugembula - iyona ukuntuleka kwe-iodine emzimbeni. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile zikhathi zonke balandele yokudla, njengoba kungekho imikhiqizo ekucebiseni esitokisini isici ewusizo kanye ukuvimbela Ukungena lwalo izicubu zendlala yegilo.

izifo ezivamile

Qala, mhlawumbe, unawe kokutshelwa ngokukhubazeka kwengane, njengoba yegilo engeyokuqala. Lesi sifo kwaba nzima izimpilo zabantu abaningi. Eqinisweni, yegilo node - ingxenye encane Indwangu yayo, okuyinto lizungezwe capsule. Lolu shintsho kubangelwa ukuntula iodine, okuholela yensimbi iqala ukusebenza nzima, ukuze ifunde lesi sici kusukela egazini. Okuphambili struma dilates imithambo yegazi, ngaleyo ndlela titibonelo letinkhulu tekuvumelana nezicubu. Waba yini umphumela walesi nqubo isayithi kumiswa. izinguquko Focal we indlala yegilo - elinye igama lesi sifo.

Odokotela ngokwethukela ebhekene ukuvela izimpawu eziningana ngesikhathi esisodwa, ingozi okuyinto bakwazi ukuthuthukisa kusuka ingozi ukuze ebulalayo. Uma ziye zenzeka ushintsho olunjalo, kubalulekile ukwenza ukuhlinzwa. ukuhlinzwa Benign node kungadingeki, futhi iphathwa iodine umzimba.

Vascularization we indlala yegilo - kungenye inkinga, okuyinto buhlobene eduze kumiswa ifindo. essence yayo yangempela yokuthi ngaphezu imithambo emine kumiswa yensimbi imikhumbi igazi, okuyinto kubangelwa ukubukeka lwezimpawu (nodes). Iqiniso lokuthi anda vascularization bungabonakala zimpawu ezilandelayo:

- kwemisipha ubuhlungu ukuzwa;

- ukubukeka njalo emizweni goiter;

- Umfutho wegazi lehla;

- ushintsho ngokushesha isisindo;

- ukujuluka;

- kumiswa edema;

- iziyaluyalu hormone;

- ukozela Ukwandiswa nokukhathala.

Ngaphezu lokhu kubonakaliswa anda ukugeleza kwegazi e indlala yegilo ingase futhi wehlise ukunakwa inkumbulo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho umsebenzi zocansi. Ukuze ekwelapheni izifo ezifana kufanele kudokotela-endocrinology.

Ukukhuthala ekuphatheni imisebenzi engalungile

Ukusebenza evamile indlala yegilo incike kokubili ubuqotho namasosha omzimba futhi umsebenzi wonke umzimba. Ngakho-ke, noma yikuphi ukwehluleka igcwele nemiphumela palpable.

Encishisiwe yegilo umsebenzi - kuyinto Umane umsebenzi walo mzimba. Le nkinga has elinye igama - hypofunction. Kunezizathu ambalwa ukuthi umsebenzi obusebenzayo kungancipha:

- izifo ukuthi kukhona ngenxa ukuvuvukala endlaleni engasesinyeni noma ukulimala;

- anomalies azalwa naso;

- ukuntuleka kwe-iodine emzimbeni;

- zezici enqabayo kakhulu kwemvelo eziholela umonakalo yegilo.

Ngokuqondene hypofunction yesibili, kulesi simo-ke kuyadingeka ukuba banake umonakalo pituitary elawula wendlala.

Hypothyroidism - kungenye inkinga ukuthi akunakugwenywa. Iphuzu eliyinhloko ukuthi izinga hormone engaphansi umsebenzi agcwele zonke zomzimba, ikhono lawo ukuba abhekane ngokuphumelelayo nesitha umthwalo njalo. Uma indlala yegilo ukubambezela ke kuzobangela ukusabela chain eliphumela isimo kakhulu sibi jikelele yomuntu. Futhi uma lokhu kwakufanele nezinye izinkinga zempilo, ukunqoba kwabo kuyoba nzima kakhulu.

Indlela ejwayeleke kakhulu ukwelashwa nge kokutshelwa ngokukhubazeka kwengane - yokwelapha hormone. Ngezinye izikhathi ukuze ubuyisele ukusebenza kwe-wendlala zibuyele kokujwayelekile, anele kwezinyanga ezimbalwa ukuthatha ama-hormone.

Enye inkinga ukuthi kudingeka siyinake yiyona i-hyperthyroidism. Lena syndrome esakheka ngenxa ukwandisa ekukhiqizweni kwama-hormone ezifana triiodothyronine kanti thyroxine.

Lesi sifo zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo ezintathu: eyinhloko, i-hyperthyroidism nemayunivesithi. Ezimweni eziningi, ngemuva sokuthuthukiswa le nkinga kuyinto goiter anobuthi. Kuyinto lolu hlobo indlala izicubu uphawu akunakubangelwa izici okubangela ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile kwama-hormone.

Hyperthyroidism - kuyinto isifo esingaphatha ukuthuthukisa ngenxa thyroiditis subacute, viral ukutheleleka wendlala yabesilisa, goiter nodular noma adenoma anobuthi. Imiphumela ukuxilongwa ezimbi ezifana kuyinto ukwethuka eqinile, inkumbulo ukungakhuli, ophthalmopathy (exophthalmia), ephelezelwa ukwanda umdlavuza yegilo, ukuqwasha kanye ubuthi okweqile umzimba nge-hormone.

Ngokuvamile, kuba khona ukungezwani ngokweqile kuzo zonke izinhlelo kanye nezinhlaka, okuholela izinguquko engelapheki. Ngenxa yalokho, umuntu angase ukhubazeka noma ngisho nokufa. Hyperthyroidism iphathwa izidakamizwa ukuthi ukunciphisa hormone, ngemva kokuhlinzwa futhi ngosizo iodine enemisebe.

Okunye zokugula ezivamile

Townsfolk babhekana kokutshelwa ngokukhubazeka kwengane ezimbi kakhulu njengesifo Hyperplasia we indlala yegilo. Lokhu akulutho, njengoba ukwanda omzimba asebenzayo isitho. Ngenxa yalokho, ubukhulu yegilo indlala kwandisa kakhulu. It is kwabaningi okuthiwa goiter ezaziwayo.

Imbangela yalesi sifo kungaba kokubili ukukhiqizwa ngokweqile futhi enganele hormone. Kodwa ngokuvamile, a syndrome enjalo iyakwazi ukuthuthukisa ngesisekelo izifo ezahlukene ngokuphelele. Futhi kuye ngokuthi izizathu ushintsho kanye namasu yokwelapha. It has izinhlobo eziningana self ukukhula samasosha omzimba asebenzayo:

- engeyokuqala (ukwanda ngobukhulu wendlala ngenxa ukubukeka izinhlumba futhi ISIZINDA);

- ehlasela umzimba (ukwanda mfaniswano ngaphandle obumba lwezimpawu);

- elixutshwe.

Nquma ukuthi eba ukwanda yegilo cell syndrome kungenziwa eyasungulwa ngezizathu ezifana ushintsho ngokushesha isisindo, ukubukeka izigaxa entanyeni, ngokweqile ukucasuka njalo, ubuthongo ukubuyisa bese ukwethuka. Lezi zimpawu zingase zithathe lisize ekuqaleni Hyperplasia bese sithatha izinyathelo ezifanele ngokushesha.

Enye zokugula ukuthi ngokuvamile kudingeka ukuba aphathe endocrinologists - hypoplasia we indlala yegilo. lokhu malformation azalwa naso, okuyinto kubonakala lapho kuntuleka ukuthuthukiswa ijwabu zomzimba. Isizathu ukuthi abantu kufanele ubhekane kokutshelwa ngokukhubazeka kwengane, ukuntuleka kwe-iodine emzimbeni ngesikhathi sokukhulelwa. Iqhaza negative ukudlala futhi ezihlukahlukene yokulimala kwengane esiswini ngesikhathi ongaphakeme yegilo umsebenzi ngesikhathi ukuzalwa. Lesi sifo singabonakala kula ebuntwaneni, ngoba imbangela hypothyroidism futhi cretinism.

Indlela eyinhloko ekunqobeni hypoplasia - ukusetshenziswa kwama-hormone egilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, asikho isidingo uyephuza ukwelashwa. Futhi uyoba ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ukubhucungwa ingane futhi Physiotherapy izikhathi. Lokhu kubalulekile ngenxa yokuthi ezikhathini eziningi, izingane isifo esifanayo eba ukwephulwa kwemisipha ithoni kanye nokunyakaza.

Kukhona amacala lapho iziguli kodokotela-endocrinologists nenkinga efana heterogeneous yegilo indlala. Lokho, kungcono ukuchaza amagama yokwelapha ultrasound, owawuthi inkinga enjalo ibizwa ngokuthi ushintsho ehlasela umzimba. Sikhuluma izinguquko yegilo izicubu lapho umzimba wonke ibonisa okungalungile umsindo.

Izimbangela lolu shintsho ungafana ngandlela-thile, main - bikho njalo iodine esemzimbeni atholakala. Kungalingani ngemazinga yegilo izicubu eba ngesisekelo lezi zifo ezilandelayo: thyroiditis subacute, goiter, ezingamahlalakhona thyroiditis sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba, ekubhebhetselisa goiter ezinobuthi futhi edidayo. Ngokuvamile, ukuvuvukala kwezicubu kungenxa ubudlova sokugembula kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni.

Ukukhuluma mayelana nokwelashwa, kuyafaneleka ukuthi iyiphi Improvisation igcwele imiphumela engemihle, ngakho-ke kuyadingeka ekuqaleni ukuya kudokotela wezokwelapha oqeqeshiwe. Ezimweni eziningi, ochwepheshe iphathwa izikhonzi imikhiqizo equkethe i-iodine noma potassium iodide. Kodwa esimweni ukwephulwa indlala yegilo is wakhipha Analogue zokwenziwa we-hormone yegilo. Esimweni lapho izicubu elikhulu baqale ingcindezi izitho eduze, kufanele sicabange ngokujulile ngokuthi ukuhlinzwa.

Kubalulekile ukwazi okwengeziwe inkinga efana echogenicity okwandisiwe indlala yegilo. Lokho kungaqondakala kuphela uma ukusetshenziswa ultrasound. Isiphetho sendaba iwukuthi leli gama isetshenziselwa kuphela ukuchaza isithombe ultrasound. Leli gama lichaza ikhono lendwangu ukuze kububonisa sibhekiswe okusezingeni eliphezulu imvamisa umsindo wakhe.

Kwakona nje ukuthi ushintshe ubufakazi isithombe ultrasound ukubukeka iyiphi egunjini lokuhlolwa kwezifo. Kunoma ikuphi, ukwenza i-ultrasound inqubo kusiza ukuxilonga ngokunembile ukuhlukumeza esimweni, noma umsebenzi yegilo.

Hashimoto sika thyroiditis

Lo magazini ufanelwe ukuqashelwa okukhethekile. Kubalulekile ukuqonda lapho sibhekene ukuxilongwa ezifana "yegilo AIT", kuba impela isifo esiyingozi kakhulu kudinga indlela obuphelele ngezindaba inqubo yokwelapha. Ingqikithi yale nkinga yokuthi emzimbeni kukhona ukuvuvukala njalo ijwabu ukuthi ine umsuka sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba. Imbangela yale state umthelela ongemuhle isimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ukuze amaseli yegilo.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi kokutshelwa ngokukhubazeka kwengane isesikhathini 30% azo zonke izifo ezihambisana ne wendlala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le nkinga kwenzeka kwabesifazane izikhathi 15-20 kanengi ukudlula amadoda. Engozini abantu abaneminyaka engu-40 kuya ku-50.

thyroiditis sokuhlasela kwamasosha omzimba zingahlukaniswa zibe izinhlobo eziningana:

- kobuhlungu. Kutfutfukisa lizinga e ukwehla okukhulu amasosha omzimba futhi ngaleyo ndlela idiopathic ngokwemvelo.

- Cytokine olubangelwa. Le ndlela lesi sifo kubonakala emva isicelo ka interferon asetshenziselwa ukwelapha izinkinga zesibindi futhi igazi.

- Okungalapheki. Imbangela yalesi zilwane thyroiditis ukwandisa inani amasosha omzimba ne-T-lymphocyte e nezicubu wendlala.

- Kwangemva Kokubeletha. Lesi sifo eba ngenxa yokukhulelwa.

Yiqiniso, ukuhlunga out kuyi- "yegilo AIT - ukuthi" kuyadingeka ukuze banake ukwelashwa. Lapho bezwa lokhu uphethwe, kumelwe siqale ukuya kudokotela. Ezimweni eziningi, ngemva uphethwe leziguli ebekiwe yokwelapha hormone. Ukuphuza imithi egunyazwe udokotela udinga usuku ngalunye nge amazinga okukhishwa eliqhubeka likhula.

Uma isifo Usuqhubekile, futhi SCA ifinyelele babebaningi kakhulu, ke kuyodingeka ukucela usizo lodokotela abahlinzayo njengoba akunakwenzeka ukuba aphumelele ngaphandle kokungenela kuhlinzwa ukufeza intuthuko ingabonakali ekwelashweni.

Kubalulekile phakathi ukuthuthukiswa ukuvuvukala akazange iphendukele nokusetshenziswa kwamaphilisi. Akusizi iwukudambisa umphumela igciwane, pathology uzoqhubeka ukuba bathuthuke. Kuyadingeka ukuba ugxile yokwelapha abanekhono futhi ngesikhathi esifanele ngaphansi kokuqondisa onguchwepheshe. Le ndlela kunganikeza elamukelekile.

Ukubaluleka zokuvimbela

kumele kuphetfwe okushayile ezinye izifo yegilo ngesisekelo ulwazi olungenhla - kuyingozi. Ngakho-ke, uma kukhona izimpawu asolisayo kufanele ukuya inhlolovo futhi esimweni lapho sokugembula isimo igunya ngaphandle kokulibala ukuqala ukwelashwa. Ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yesifo yegilo esiphansi, kudingeka ulandele izimiso ezimbalwa ezilula: enothisa ukudla yakho Ukudla okusezingeni eliphezulu i-iodine, njalo ukuqhuba wokuvuselelwa ngokwendalo ngalo ingaphakathi ngomlomo (ngokuvamile ngokusebenzisa amazinyo ehlaselwe ukubola kwamazinyo, isifo lingena singene indlala) kanye nendlela obuphelele ngezindaba ekwelapheni yimuphi imikhuhlane.

Nge yesondlo efanele futhi ngokuphelele zokuvimbela ungagwema neziningi zezinkinga ezihambisana abanale nkinga.