Intaba Byrranga ukuphakama, umlando kanye nezithombe. Ukuphi ezintabeni Byrranga

Byrranga iyona esisenyakatho yokhalo uhlelo Russian Federation. Bayingxenye-Arctic Mikhulu Taimyr Reserve. Umnyaka Geological zalesi simiso kuyafana esifundeni esise-Ural. Byrranga Izintaba, iphuzu esiphezulu okuyinto 1125 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle, abe nobude 1,100 km. Ububanzi yabo - amakhilomitha angu-200.

The esiphezulu iphuzu futhi ukuphakama nokushintshashintsha ohlelweni yezimayini

Kuze kube muva nje kwaba 1146 amamitha - ukuphakama esiphezulu kukhona Byrranga ezintabeni. Iphuzu esiphezulu, okuyinto igama yeqhwa entabeni, ise-bulala enyakatho-mpumalanga. Kodwa imiphumela izifundo ozolandela luye lwabonisa ukuthi ifinyelela amamitha 1119 kuphela. Ngakho-ke, sakhetha phezulu ezahlukene nge ekuphakameni 1125 m, thola indawo empumalanga.
Lonke uhlelo entabeni kungenziwa ihlukaniswe ngezigodi ezintathu. Engxenyeni esentshonalanga has komncane kunabo ukuphakama - up amamitha 320. kwemingcele yayo uqondane esigodini Pyasina River Yenisei Gulf. Uma thina hambisa empumalanga unqamula ezintabeni Byranga, abo ukuphakama ukwanda kanye central okuyingxenye okungukuthi 400-600 amamitha. Le ndawo itholakala phakathi ohlelweni entabeni Pyasina emifuleni kanye Tajmyr. Futhi esempumalanga has a ukuphakama kusuka 600 kuya 1125 m. Ngaphezu kwalokho enyakatho ezintabeni ziyancipha futhi kukhona ushintsho kancane kancane ukuba emathafeni asogwini.

isikhundla ezindawo

Byrranga Izintaba - uhlelo esisogwini olusempumalanga zidlule iNhlonhlo Taimyr, okuyinto wageza ngasemanzini-Arctic Ocean. Bangabakhe ezwekazini i-Eurasia yayigcwele. Endaweni okuthiwa array "idwala elikhulu." Byrranga - uhlela Mountains 73 ° 50'15 "enyakatho nenkabazwe futhi 91 ° 21'40" longitude empumalanga - zitholakala ngenhla kwe-Arctic Circle. Lesi simo esifundeni eNyakatho Ekude kudala izimo ezinzima sezulu. Kusukela phezulu kulezi eziphakeme kunzima ukufinyelela, zinjalo isikhathi eside ezingazange wafunda, kungase kube ukudideka besesikhundleni sabo kumephu.

Othile ecabanga ukuthi Byrranga ezintabeni esifundeni eMpumalanga Ekude. Eqinisweni, base zinwetshwe enyakatho Eastern eSiberia bese ufaka Insimu Krasnoyarsk Territory. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye ukudida lesi simiso zokhahlamba kusuka Khibiny. Ngokusekelwe lokhu, bacabanga ukuthi Byrranga ezintabeni zitholakala ku-ngasenyakatho noma ngaseningizimu emzini Murmansk. Lolu hlelo itholakala kanye parallel we Yenisei Gulf yoLwandle Kara noLwandle Laptev lapho waya olwandle. Kuthatha ingxenye enkulu yeNhlonhlo Taimyr. Iphuzu esiphezulu Itholakala empumalanga kohlelo - entabeni angenamagama. Byrranga - isikhundla ezindawo kohlelo kudala izindawo ukufinyelela - eningizimu is izungezwe North emathafeni laseSiberia.

impumuzo

Izintaba ngokwazo bafa emfuleni nezigodi ukujula okukhulu futhi uhlelo, okubandakanya emikhulu engu-30. Agcwalise egcwele ezifakwa anesihlabathi, kukhona izakhi lasendulo zasolwandle masimu. Byrranga ezintabeni, obude akunakubangelwa ukuba ekuphakameni Ngokwesilinganiso, zihlanganisa, ngaphezu uhlobo nesibaya-glybovymu.

Iziqongo kungase kudingeke ezihlukile kakhulu, kukhona nazo kwafinyelela umvuthwandaba, futhi ithafa-like. izimoto ezivamile kanye emasekisini. Lapha kukhona eyiqhwa kanye landforms ezihambisana - kurums, Pingo. Impumuzo lithintwe kakhulu zamaqhwa kwesikhathi eziNgekho ngaPhansi kukaHulumeni. Lokhu kufakazelwa glacial landforms - emikhombeni kanye moraines. Engxenyeni esempumalanga ye zeqhwa samanje futhi yesimanje, lapho kukhona 96 kukho konke.

Lalolo hlanga

Ngaphambi kokufika mikhankaso ucwaningo bathole entabeni lokuqala Byrranga Nganasans ngesikhathi bafudukele ogwini-Arctic Ocean. Nokho, kumhlaba ongaphakeme kulezi zizwe awuhambanga ngoba nokwesaba imimoya emibi, ngokombono wabo, zihlala lapha.

Dolgan ngokuthi kuleli Zwe endaweni Yabafileyo: kukholakala ukuthi imiphefumulo yabafileyo lapha ethunyelwe ngemva kokufa. Ngakho-ke uthi Byrranga - abode imimoya futhi Labelaphi. Yiqiniso, scree itshe futhi ice-embozwe entabeni emithambekeni futhi iqiniso esingase sibahlabe umxhwele "Amazwe Twisted" abantu bakule ndawo. Ngakho-ke, lapha bazama hhayi ukuhamba, ngisho sokufuna ukufinyelela ogwini lolwandle. Lokhu kungenziwa kuqondwe kusukela lokuthi ebalazweni kakhulu enyakatho amagama ngesiRashiya: Leningrad, Ukudoba. A eningizimu - ngolimi lwabantu bendawo: Bootankaga, uMalaki-Tari, Arylakh.

Nganasans wahlala ikakhulukazi endaweni Taimyr echibini futhi emfuleni izigodi, hhayi ephakama ezintabeni. umsebenzi wabo oyinhloko kwaba reindeer. Kusukela incazelo yalezi ezintabeni abantu bendawo Ungaqonda ukuthi Byrranga - izintaba, dissected ngu ezinamatshe eziphansi emifuleni. Nembala, bamele uhlelo lwezinkalo, dissected ngu yamanzi eziningi.

Kokunye nguqulo ye elithi "Byrranga" ke inezingxenye ezimbili. Kusukela yakut elithi "Birr" - elungiselelweni Russian "entabeni" kanye Evenk isijobelelo "nga" kusho ubuningi. Ngokusho kwenye inguqulo kusukela igama zomdabu kusho "idwala elikhulu."

Izifundo Omkhulu Northern Expedition nezinye

iminyaka 1736 ziye zatholakala Intaba Omkhulu Northern Expedition, eholwa Pronchishchev lapho sidlula kolwandle kanye ogwini olusempumalanga. Emva kwalesi sikhathi, abacwaningi baye badabula uhlelo ngezansi komfula Taimyr. Kodwa izintaba Byrranga phambi 1950 abelinganiselwa nhlobo, ngaphandle wezigodi. Endaweni wesaba ukuya khona ngoba babecabanga kule ndawo "izwe eliphansi." Middendorf, okuyinto washaya endaweni kumephu, wabhala ukuthi bakwazi ukungena ibanga Nenets enyakatho, kodwa akekho kubo lifika ngasogwini.

Ngo-1950, yeqhwa lokuqala le wakhululwa kungazelelwe atholakala lapha kubizwa ngokuthi ezingalindelekile. Itholakala eNtabeni Glacier. Ngakho ngalezo zinsuku, lapho kutholakala, lo mcimbi ube umuzwa ku geography zomhlaba. Phela, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi zonke zamaqhwa emhlabeni kudala wathola. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, sithola ngaphezulu ambalwa. Phakathi zohwebo 1960 Yaqala ukuqapha zamaqhwa. Kwavezwa kamuva ukuthi ziyancipha ngobukhulu, okubonisa ukuthi ushintsho esimweni sezulu.

izimo zezulu

Izimo zezulu lezi izintaba ezinzima, ngokucijile ezwekazini. Ebusika, izinga lokushisa isilinganiso kuthiwa ziyaguquguquka emhlabeni ezingeni -30.
Spring inkathi iqala ngo-June bese ihlala izinyanga ezimbili nengxenye, ehlobo cishe akukho. Ngo-Agasti, kukhona okushisa ezimbi. Imvula - 120-400 mm ngonyaka, izinsuku 270 ngonyaka kukhona iqhwa. Kodwa abandayo kwenza emaphethelweni enemikhuba okungekuhle ukuphila, futhi umoya onamandla. Esinye isici isimo sezulu kulezi zindawo - ushintsho elibukhali izimo zezulu.

Izitshalo kanye nezilwane

Ukubukeka lezi zintaba kubonakale lifiphele futhi esingaphili kodwa ngisho lapha ungabona oluhlaza wezigodi Ngezikhathi zasehlobo. Entwasahlobo kukhona aluhlaza izimila esishintshashintshayo. Phakathi zezimbali izitshalo ezitholakala novosiversiya, lokudla olwenziwe futhi poppy. Izitshalo zalezi zindawo kuyinto sici emathafeni, ubuswa wona kanye ulele.

Byrranga Izintaba, okuphakama kwawo sithinta izimo zezulu babe nokuklanywa. Ngakho, nge ephakanyiswe lokushisa izinguquko, izimo zezulu, kanti ngezinye izitshalo ezifanayo ezilwaneni nasezimileni. Njengoba kakhulu dissected ezintabeni, emihosheni futhi ezihosheni ukudala microclimate okhethekile, ngakho izitshalo wehlukile kakhulu ezindaweni ezibandayo ezinjalo, kusukela ezingwadule ukuba izintaba ubude willow amahlathi okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Phakathi izilwane ezincane zinhlobo ezimbili lemming baphile khona - eSiberia futhi Collared. izilwane ezinkulu lungatholwa lapha, ezifana nonogwaja nonogwaja kanye impungushe, okungenani ungabona Ermine. Umhlaseli ngobukhulu - impisi. Deer uthuthe lapha njalo ngonyaka, lenkabi must yethulwa ngo-1974 futhi enekhono ngempumelelo kule nsimu. A ezihlukahlukene elikhulu izinyoni.

Geology, ephathelene nokunyakaza kwezingqimba zomhlaba futhi Wezimbiwa

Byrranga ezintabeni basonta orogeny Hercynian, imfundo yabo waqhubeka kanyekanye ne esise-Ural, Novaya Zemlya. Umsebenzi enkulu zomhlaba uye wakubona enyakatho-esempumalanga.

Amadwala, okuyinto yakhiwa insimu eningizimu - siltstone, zikhona izindawo zokuphuma gabbro futhi diabase, dolerite, imiswe phakathi neminyaka Triassic futhi Permian. Limestones Zikhona - inhlabathi zasolwandle lasendulo. Umbuso wasenyakatho ingxenye has a amatshe Proterozoic lapho kukhona granites. isitebhisi Common - igneous, okuyinto akhiwa entabeni Byrranga. Minerals zikhona ngokwezinga elikhulu. Found eziningi zegolide idiphozi abazoba njengoba insimbi placer. Kukhona futhi ezifakwa enkulu yamalahle ansundu. Idiphozithi insufficiently uhlole futhi ngenxa inaccessibility kwendawo kungukuthi athuthukile.

amalahle bukhoma

Lo mkhuba amalahle, okwenza entabeni emangalisayo Byrranga. Izithombe yale nqubo sifana ukuqhuma kwentaba-mlilo. I lokushisa emhlabeni lenyuke, kwezinye izindawo ngokoqobo ukuphefumula umlilo lentuthu. Amagesi zitholakala ngaphandle nibonakala kubantu nilungile, kanti akhiwa emhlabeni sebethule sulphur, sulfate, asebenza ngebhethri zinhlayiya. Ngenxa yalokho evutha primer sags futhi sandstone nobumba ngaphansi kwethonya ukushisa, baba abomvu futhi violet. Imbangela omlilo okuzenzakalelayo amalahle yiwo khona pyrite e zokwakheka kanye pyrites zethusi. Esikhathini namachibi, sebefudumele lokushisa ethile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, amandla omlilo inakekelwa ku notshwala ebusweni kokuphuma igesi.

Intaba uhlelo Byrranga has indaba emangazayo, uhlobo a isimo esingavamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona supply esikhulu amaminerali nezinye izinto, okwenza kule ndawo ethembisa kakhulu. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezokuvakasha zingenza kule ndawo, kodwa inaccessibility zalezi zindawo kuze kube isithiyo abalulekile.