Indlela Khulisa truffle: mycelium, inhlabathi ubuchwepheshe. Lapho truffle zikhule

Cishe, akunakwenzeka ukuba uke uhlangane nalo mlisa zazingakaze zizizwe truffle. Kodwa bambalwa kithi baye bakwazi okungenani kanye ukuzama lesi sidlo enkulu ezibizayo. Kwenzeka kanjalo akuvamile ukuthi lapho yimuphi ibhekisela yokuthi kungaba zama ukuqoqa kusuka endaweni yayo suburban, abantu badideke bayaphikisana. Ngemva kokufunda lesi sihloko, uzofunda indlela yokusondelana truffle ekhaya.

Lapho ikhula leli khowe eyingqayizivele?

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi namuhla Simila cishe zonke izingxenye zomhlaba, truffle namanje kubhekwa umcebo wezwe laseFrance. Izakhamuzi lokhu isimo abizwa ngokuthi lesi sidlo engavamile kuphela ngokuthi "isikhulu ezingezwakali" noma "idayimane omnyama".

The isimanga enkulu Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngisho nanamuhla akekho ongasho ngokuqiniseka okuphelele ukuthi truffle ikhula. Lokhu ayikaziwa ngisho ongoti, ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwakhe enikelwe ekutadisheni isikhunta. Iqiniso lokuthi ngaphansi komhlaba, lapho kukhona truffle, kakhulu incike izitshalo, uhlelo impande okuyinto avelaphi main carbohydrate. Ngakwelinye truffle rhizomes izihlahla ukunikeza isivikelo ezifweni amagciwane abe nenkani. imicu Micellar eziyisikhunta lisibekele izimpande nezitshalo ezokudabuka kwamanye amazwe, yokumatisa nabo umswakama ezengeziwe. Ngo isayensi, nokuhlalisana esinjalo njengoba Symbiosis ezaziwayo.

Njengoba liphindaphindeke truffle?

It mycelium ingxenye eziyisisekelo futhi ebaluleke kakhulu noma yiziphi ukhunta. Ngakho-ke, ezindaweni lapho truffle zikhule, badinge ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ukuze bafeze yimuphi umsebenzi yokwemba. Kusukela mycelium enempilo iqala ngenkuthalo ukuthuthukisa umzimba fruiting, lezinhlamvu of okuzokwenza iqhaza ukukhiqizwa okwalandela. Ngokungafani nazo zonke ezinye isikhunta, ukukhiqizwa kabusha truffle incike abahlala izilwane zehlathi. Izilwane ukuthole udle. Ngemva kwalokho inhlabamkhosi truffle ezinhlamvu kuwele phansi, ngokunikela ngokuphila ukuba ama-mycelium entsha. Ukuze zidonse ukunaka kwanoma izilwane zasehlathini, ukhunta exudes flavour ethile. Nokho, akuyona mnandi ngomqondo ongokwemvelo iphunga. Njengoba bevela kakhulu truffle ukunuka Kunjengokulinda iphunga anyanisi ukubola noma inhlanzi angcolile. Futhi kuphela izinhlobo ezimbalwa ukhunta ngenkuthalo sikhuthaze uketshezi of juice esiswini kubantu. Olunye uhlobo sinjalo black Perigord truffle.

Uyini truffle?

Incazelo ukhunta zingatholakala kunoma iyiphi lwemibhalo ezikhethekile. Lokhu komhlaba ukhunta marsupial ophuzi, gray, mhlophe kumbe lube mnyama umthunzi has a klubnepodobnoe umzimba esinamanzi, embozwe isikhumba olunzima. Ngaphakathi ukhunta inyama olufana Maze emithanjeni. Ubukhulu uju, okuyinto usike njengomuntu zemabula emihle, kungaba isukela amaqanda izigwaca kuya apula big. Mycelium truffle siqukethe le micu ayetholakala lapho ukungena izingqimba engaphakathi cortex amaseli uhlelo impande futhi ngenkuthalo yokuxoxisana nabo.

Kungaphansi kwaziphi izimo angakhula leli khowe komhlaba?

Ngaphambi truffle zikhule, udinga ukucela, zikhule kwezinye izindawo. Isimo main ukutshala mushroom uju kubhekwa isimo sezulu esifudumele. Lezi zimpawu zokuhlola alikwazanga kangcono ezindaweni ezinamahlathi ka IPortugal, iSpain, eningizimu yeJalimane, Italy, eFrance Croatia. He khula ogwini Pacific of America, Tunisia, Algeria futhi Morocco. Kakhulu akuvamile ukuthola truffle edolobheni.

Ingabe kungenzeka ukuba sikhule lesi sidlo ekhaya?

Namuhla, inani elandayo labantu unesithakazelo indlela yokutshala truffle, nokuthi ukukwenza ngokwakho. Vele uthi ukuthi kuyinselele ngempela. Into esemqoka ukuya nokuqaliswa kwalo wemfanelo ngokugcwele. Kubalulekile ukukhetha ilungelo eliphezulu izithombo, ukuthola indawo efanelekile kanye inhlabathi kahle.

Labo abathanda indlela yokutshala truffle ekhaya, kumelwe sikuqonde lokho lena umsebenzi eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukuthi kudinga indlela wemfanelo.

Izigaba main mushroom zizalela

Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi ukutshala truffle esiqhutshwa izigaba ezintathu. Ngesikhathi besanda kuqala ukufakelwa wenziwa mycelium endaweni ukuzenza athandeke. Isinyathelo sesibili ukhula izithombo zemizimba izithelo. Futhi kuphela emva kwalokho ungaqala ukutshala truffle imibungu abasha. Njengomthetho, amakhowe zikhiqizelwa ngu zokutshala izihlahla abasha truffle mycelium athuthukile.

Indlela ukukhetha nokulungisa indawo yokutshala?

Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi lezi isikhunta ngempela ngikhetha. Badinga sezulu esipholile efudumele. Ngakho-ke, nalabo abahlala ezindaweni sezulu engazinzile, nge elishisayo kakhulu kanti afudumele ebusika, kungcono ukuba ayiyeke le umqondo. Uma uhlala endaweni lapho izimo yokutshala lesi sidlo, ungakwazi ngokuphepha uqhubekele ukuqaliswa icebo lakhe.

Ngaphambi truffle zikhule, udinga ukuthola isiza esifanelekayo. Inhlabathi kumele kube ocebile calcium humus, pH exponent kufanele okungenani 7.5. Izizathu zokuthi sihlelwe ukuba isitshalo truffle, kufanele kube khona nezinye isikhunta, bayakwazi ukuncintisana nabo. Kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi endaweni kakhulu embossed kungaba izinkinga tillage lokukhanda.

Ngokuvamile, le site kufanele ibe evumayo indawo ngokuhlobene ilanga nomoya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kufanele kube ukumelana amanzi ashaya leli dwala, futhi ube emthambekeni esingeqile degrees 15.

zokutshala inqubo

Ukudala kwezimo ezifanele ukutshala truffle, ungakwazi ukuqhubeka ngqo kokwehla. Isikhathi esingcono kakhulu sokuba zokutshala kuwo mycelium yamakhowe izithombo kubhekwe entwasahlobo, lapho akulindelekile frost. izihlahla Young itshalwe emhlabathini, nhlobo ukhula. Ngenxa yale njongo, imigodi wemba emhlabathini, ukujula zazo ifinyelela 75 cm. I engaba 40 amasentimitha emthini ngalinye itshalwe Kunconywa uthele ungqimba semboza ngabo izithombo zezihlahla ngonyaka odlule bawa amaqabunga oki. Izithombo kufanele embozwe plastic ifilimu abamba ukushisa.

Kukhona enye indlela yokutshala lezi amakhowe - kwi sawdust. Nokho, lobu buchwepheshe kuhilela olunzulu pre-ukuthunyelwa ukuqeqeshwa phansi. Substrate kudingeka bazogcwalisa calcium humus, futhi phezulu embozwe kwesihlahla se-okhi fresh noma beech sawdust. Emva kwalokhu, inhlabathi kumele elachithwa umquba eziyinkimbinkimbi, futhi kuphela ke ungaqala ukutshala amakhowe. Mycelium truffle exutshwe umhlabathi bese zisakazwa sawdust.

Indlela anakekele zokutshala?

Thola indlela yokutshala truffle, musa uphumule, becabanga ukuthi emva kokutshala, ungavele asonge bese ulinda isivuno. Eqinisweni, kudinga ezinye ukunakekelwa. Ngezikhathi, kufanele izihlahla fed umquba eziyinkimbinkimbi, okuyinto kalula itholakala kunoma iyiphi esitolo ezikhethekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kutuswa ukwenza umhlabathi kancane micronutrients (boron, i-zinc, i-magnesium nensimbi). Leli cebo kufanelekile ukutshala hazel inoculated ne mycelium we truffle.

Futhi, ungakhohlwa mayelana izinambuzane eyinhloko mushroom bobukhosi, okuhlanganisa izingulube onogwaja. Lezi zilwane akuvunyelwe nhlobo ukuthi ziqalise endaweni lapho truffle zikhule. Hhayi ingozi kancane kule isikhunta amaphela omnyama weevils. Izihlahla ukusingatha truffle futhi badinge ukunakekelwa okukhethekile. Kufanele babe sesimeni izihlahla gqwa kuyinto ukususa ingxenye eyinhloko amagatsha enamandla futhi isiqu ukwehlisa ukuphakama. Lokhu kuvumela okwandisa permeability ka amanzi emvula kanye kwelanga enhlabathini.

ukuvuna

Uvele ehlobo truffle fruiting umzimba kudingeka sikhule ezinyangeni ezimbalwa. Njengomthetho, ekwindla isifinyelele isimo edingekayo. Ezivuthiwe black truffle ukunambitheka kakusekho udumo, exudes iphunga elimnandi ngempela eqinile. ukhunta Underripe bungabonakala igobolondo ngokubomvu. Njengomthetho, isivuno truffle black kungenziwa kuvuna kusuka November kuya kuMashi. Ekukhuleni kwamangqamuzana amhlophe Burgundy izinhlobo kanye kukhona kancane ngokushesha.

Ukuqoqwa lezi isikhunta kakhulu okusikhumbuza sokuvuna amazambane. Nokho, kukhona ubuqili ambalwa. Uma kungenjalo, ungase ngengozi ilimaze mycelium, ukuze truffle ipulazi ngokushesha iphele. Kumelwe senze izinto ngokukhulu ukucophelela, susa ngomusa umhlabathi izidumbu fruiting isikhunta. Kufanele kube nomthelela ubuqotho isimo somhlabathi futhi kuvimbele ukulimala simiso mycorrhiza. Kufanele ukuqoqa kuphela amakhowe ezivuthiwe.

Ukuze kusheshiswe sokuvuna truffle avuthwa kungenziwa abahilelekile kwezilwane abaqeqeshiwe. Baphumela phandle alethwe iphunga izithelo efihlekile ngaphansi phansi umzimba. Ngenxa yalezi zinjongo, ungasebenzisa hhayi kuphela izinja, kodwa futhi ezingulubeni. Kusukela ngesakhiwo endaweni ehektheleni elilodwa ingalandwa 50 kuya 100 khilogremu isikhunta.

Iningi isivuno ngokuphelele walondoloza unyaka wonke. Truffle kungenziwa simisiwe yomiswa ngu lyophilization.

Amacebiso awusizo Wabasaqalayo mushroom

Ngokushesha ngaphambi zokutshala izihlahla abasha abakwazi zalisa inhlabathi. Ukwenza kanjalo kungabangela ukufa mycelium. Phakathi kokufika kubalulekile ukuvikela ohlelweni impande izithombo. Ngo emgodini, lapho bayobizwa itshalwe nge oki abasha, kufanele uthele amanzi kancane, ufafaze phansi namanzi izikhathi ezingaphezu.

Esikhathini esizayo, kufanele uqinisekise ukuthi inhlabathi phezu awaveli imifantu. Endabeni imfundo kule ndawo kuyinto afafaze isihlabathi. Ngaphezu kwama-oki * ingasetshenziswa, nezinye izihlahla, kuhlanganise omnqumo, ezisawolintshi kanye redwood. Ukuze ukutshala ngempumelelo truffle zokutshala ukujula kufanele kube 75 cm. Okuwukuphela kwendlela ukuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa amakhowe komhlaba kusukela frost, umoya kanye izinambuzane. It is nhlobo sikhule truffle eduze sonwele Poplar, willow kanye usika izingcezu azidingayo ngokucophelela.