Indlela yokutshala truffle: ubuchwepheshe, imihlahlandlela

Ukukhiqizwa kokudla - umsebenzi imiphumela okuyinto zihlale funa. Lokhu akusona isimanga, ngoba ithuba abe ukudla okumnandi futhi yemvelo abantu bazimisele ukukhokhela isikhathi.

Labo abazimisele ukuba zizinikele imikhiqizo ipulazi kungenzeka ukuba banake lokhu ezingavamile ezweni lethu, umqondo ibhizinisi lezolimo, njengoba ukutshala truffle. Indlela yokutshala truffle ezimweni zemvelo Russian futhi yeka indlela okuzuzisa kungase kube ukukhiqizwa lesi sidlo?

"Mushroom Golden". Truffle - kungcono ezibizayo?

Ngiphakathi omunye ukhunta ekhona engathandi akhokhe eqolo kangaka emhlabeni, ngoba i-truffle: intengo 1 kg zokhahlamba kusuka $ 500 ukuze $ 5000.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezilwandle akusiyo indali into engavamile, lapho truffle kukhona ukudayiswa, uma bekungenjalo omuhle wobuciko. Kuye ezihlukahlukene, izinga, isisindo kanye nemingcele yentengo eyodwa "mushroom osemqoka" ongafinyelela ngokuhlazisayo eliphezulu euro latinkhulungwane letinyentana.

Yiqiniso, truffle okuzenzela Unethuba ezincane ziyoba amaqembu ukuba abathengisa ezinjalo. Futhi intengo aphansi ukwedlula ukhunta, okuyinto kuye kwanda imvelo. Sitolo sekudla lokuphekiwe, imenyu okuhlanganisa izitsha ezivela "mushroom osemqoka" ngokuzithandela ukuthenga esekhulile emasimini truffle. Inani 1 kg umkhiqizo akusho ezisabekayo.

Yini truffle funa

Eqinisweni, izinhlobo eziningi isikhunta. Kodwa akubona bonke abantu efanelekayo ukudla. Ngo ukupheka, sebenzisa izinhlobo ezimbili kuphela. White, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-Piedmont - ezingavamile kakhulu futhi eziwusizo. Sikhula ikakhulukazi e-Italy, futhi ikakhulukazi endaweni Piedmont, awunika igama engqondweni. Lesi sikhunta has a ethambile, iphunga olubucayi futhi ukunambitheka esimnandi. Ngeshwa, lezi truffle ukhule ekhaya akunakwenzeka.

Omunye umbono - black, noma, njengoba zibizwa kanjalo, Perigord truffle. Lapho kwazalelwa khona ukhunta - the eponymous esifundeni French. Ngenxa yokuthi i- black truffle akuyona njengoba ezingezwakali njengoba ezimhlophe, futhi ikufanele ukutshala endaweni okutshalwa kuyo izihlahla, Perigord truffle likhula Emazweni amaningi aseYurophu, kanye eRussia nase-Ukraine.

Ngaphandle kwalezi ezimbili, kukhona nezinye izinhlobo ezidliwayo. Ngokwesibonelo, Chinese noma ehlobo. Kodwa emasimini iningi amasudi amnyama. Ngakho-ke, lapho sikhuluma indlela yokutshala truffle, ngokuvamile kufanele engqondweni kuyinto uhlobo Perigord.

Truffle sikhule eRussia. Imibandela yokuthola isivuno

emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka observation iqoqo truffle bavunyelwe okuzuza ifomula izimo ezidingekile ukukhula ngempumelelo emasimini truffle. Ubuchwepheshe truffle ezikhulayo - kunalokho eyinkimbinkimbi ebizayo, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu, inqubo yesikhathi eside. Ukuze uthole isivuno sokuqala kuzothatha iminyaka okungenani 5 ukunakekelwa ngokucophelela epulazini. Yini odinga ukuyazi mayelana indlela yokutshala truffle? Kwasekuqaleni, ukuba uju kwendle ubanjwe on futhi beqala ukwanda, udinga:

• sezulu ofanele futhi endaweni kokwehla;
• inhlabathi evundile (phansi);
• mycorrhiza.

izici sezulu nempumuzo

I esipholile sezulu esifudumele futhi esitebeleni ezingeni eliphansi kwezulu - main izidingo zezulu truffle. ukhunta Mnene awukwazi ukubekezelela noma yikuphi ukushisa okukhulu noma kubanda isikhathi eside.

Lapho nokuthi singawuhlakulela kanjani truffle ezweni lethu? Ukuze kukhiqizwe ayifanelekela kahle eRussia ephakathi - ehlobo libalele futhi hhayi hot too, entwasahlobo izimvula futhi efudumele ekwindla uju ukuze bephakamisa ekukhuleni ukhunta.

Uma yokuqasha umhlaba is kuhlelwe, kungenzeka sikhule truffle ezindlini. Kule ndawo kumele kube ngokwanele ivulekile, umswakama nokulinganisela lokushisa esitebeleni degree angaba ngu-22.

Umhlabatsi truffle ipulazi

Ukuze umhlabathi lapho sikhule truffle, ivele ifune engengaphansi okusezingeni eliphezulu. Udinga for laboratory ukuhlaziya ukugcwaliswa inhlabathi umsoco, i-nitrogen, carbon, lime, i-calcium. Futhi, ebusweni inhlabathi akufanele kube ukungenwa amanzi ashaya leli dwala, futhi i-engela hhayi ngaphezulu kuka-15 degrees. Ukuphakama inhlabathi edingekayo hhayi cm ngaphansi kuka-30.

Ngaphambi kokuba atshale ngempela ihlolwe ibhalansi acid-ane-alikhali, okuyinto umhlabathi truffle. Lokhu kungenziwa kuhlolo amabili alula. A Umhlabathi kancane ezithathwe isayithi Kusolakala ipulazi, udinga ukwengeza esitsheni uviniga emhlophe. Uma ukusabela - a shweza esithambile yesisombululo, kepha ne-asidi eningi kakhulu. Enye test yenziwa esebenzisa iphepha litmus, wena nje kufanele shí phansi. Leli phephandaba kumele uvule blue. Ukungabikho ukusabela ngaleyo ndlela futhi alikhali enganele. Kulesi futhi kulesi esinye isabelo ane-alikhali ezingeni okumele landa kancane kancane ngokungeza lime.

Mycorrhiza nokutshala izithombo

impande Symbiosis isihlahla-umlingani kanye truffle ibizwa ngokuthi "mycorrhiza". Lesi sikhunta ikhula komhlaba ku izimpande Bunch isihlahla truffle 5-7. Izinkuni uyasondla "omakhelwane" zalo nazo zonke ezidingekayo ekukhuleni: ama-carbohydrate, amino acid, amavithamini, kanye nezinye iqoqo izinto ezithinta izakhiwo ukunambitheka ukhunta. Kodwa i-truffle akuyona amagciwane - Symbiosis kusiza ukhuni ayegcwele amaminerali ne phosphorus.

Ukutshala mycelial ukhunta imbewu impahla, kuthatha indawo ngezigaba eziningana.

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi ekhanyayo itshalwe izithombo nge ukhunta mycorrhizal. izithombo Iphele itheleleke mycelium truffle, ungase nje ukuthenga. Futhi ukuze udale self-mycorrhiza, izithombo zidinga abalingani izihlahla nomhlaba olwenzeka endaweni yemvelo truffle, mycelium itheleleke. Rhizome zokuthelela mycelium truffle yisithombo okungenani amasonto amabili kumele igcinwe izimo ngokuphelele oyinyumba. Kwaba ngemva the yisithombo ngokuhlukaniswa kungenziwa itshalwe ku ekhanyayo. Nansi indlela:

• Lapho sengineminyaka engaba ngu-70 cm emithonjeni ejulile okulungiselelwe ethela inani elincane amanzi, khona-ke watshala isihlahla mycorrhizal futhi embozwe umhlaba.
• Iyadingeka ukudala ungqimba zokuzivikela emhlabeni imithombo ngaphakathi 40 cm. Lokhu kungaba ungqimba ifilimu engadini, ihlathi amahlamvu namagatsha, utshani.
• Okubalulekile: ingamukeleki tshala izihlahla sisondele kakhulu nomunye. Ukufika elilungile - 5 4 m Ngakho 1 ehektheleni ngeke kube izitshalo mycorrhizal kuka-500.
• Ngaphambi betshala akudingekile ukusebenzisa Umanyolo olwengeziwe, ngakho njengoba masingoni mycelium.

Ngemva ukutshala mycorrhiza yisithombo ukuhlanganisa, udinga unyaka wonke. Ngemva kwalokho, i-truffle ngokuphephile futhi unomphela sizakhele empandeni.

ukunakekelwa esiqhubekayo ezifana: kuyadingeka ukususa ukhula emhlabeni lokubikezela, ngeke akukhohlwe ukuze kuhlukaniswe entwasahlobo njalo waphuzisa indlela izihlahla ukuvuza. Imifantu okungenzeka kwakheka phansi, qiniseka ukuba sigcwale isihlabathi.

wonke Isikhathi sokukhula izithombo kufanele bavikeleke namagundane, onogwaja kanye izinambuzane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngaleso indawo, kanye nezihlahla, umbimbi kungaba isitshalo, eduze ezimila uju cranky bengayi. Lezi zihlahla Kudingeka kuhlanzwe.

Yimiphi imithi kudingeka sikhule truffle

Umlingani ekahle mycorrhiza kuyinto oki. Kodwa ukuze kwehlele futhi izihlahla ezifana omnqumo, hazel, Sequoia, beech, hornbeam, noma yiluphi uhlobo izithelo zohlobo lukalamula.

Okubalulekile: truffle sebekubeke ukubekezelela willow, Poplar, uphayini, usika izingcezu azidingayo ngokucophelela, fir! Lezi zihlahla e ipulazi akufanele kube.

Indlela yokuthola isivuno?

truffle etshalwayo uvuthwe ekhaya zisuka futhi kuze kwekwindla, futhi nenombolo isikhunta ezingaba uhlanganiswe kulowo muntu isikhathi - balinganisela - 10 noma 15 kg ngehectare.

Kusukela nezinye izithelo zomhlaba-truffle kuhlukile ukuthi akwanele sokutshala ukhule. Lokhu ukhunta isidingo ngaphezulu ukubheka - isivuno angaluboni ngesikhathi labantu abangu-30 cm ukujula ngaphansi komhlaba. Kungcono Yiqiniso, okokuqala, elinde ukuthenga truffle isilwane abaqeqeshiwe (ngenja noma ingulube) ezingaba ehogela out uju. Kodwa uma umsizi ezifana emnothweni khona, kukhona izimpawu ezimbalwa, lapho ungathola lo mkhaya truffle:

• Iphunga truffle ezivuthiwe mkhaya njalo ihehe izinambuzane. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, phezu kwalapho "Sihlala" amakhowe, njalo esenza inombolo enkulu esithwalwa.
• Utshani ezikhulayo phezu truffle, isikhathi nokuvuthwa we ukhunta uyafa futhi bome.
• Land truffle iphakame kancane.

Indlela ukugcina amakhowe eqoqwe

Ngokungangabazeki, umkhiqizo best - obusanda kusikwa, okungukuthi, okungelamabala eqoqwe engaphezu kweyodwa usuku edlule. Nokho, uma ukuqaliswa truffle izitsha noma ukupheka lezi izibiliboco kungaba kwesikhashana, ukuze kulondolozwe zonke ukunambitheka kanye izakhiwo umsoco ukhunta elandelayo imithetho isitoreji kumele ilandelwe:

• Njalo ukugcina truffle ngaphandle uyaxebuka off emhlabathini, ngoba kufana esitsheni zemvelo, asindise ukhunta asikiwe kusukela isinyathelo olimazayo nezilwanyana ezincane kanye nokungakwazi ukunambitha zemvelo obucayi;
• isitoreji cool lokushisa (esiqandisini);
• labapheki professional ukuncoma le ndlela yokulondoloza zemvelo umswakama truffle: mushroom brown zihambisana ephepheni greaseproof nendawo esitsheni ilayisi ezomile.

Ngakho, ukuqonda kabanzi mayelana indlela yokutshala amakhowe truffle, futhi yiziphi izimo salokhu isidingo sokudala, singaphetha ngokuthi inqubo yabo ukukhiqizwa Liyindawo eside futhi kumbe eqolo. Noma kunjalo, emasimini ka lesi sidlo akuyona ovamile kuphela amazwe aseYurophu, kodwa kancane kancane kuragela eRussia. Isizathu sisobala: ibhizinisi inzuzo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi. Truffle, kanye ngatshala, fruiting eside kakhulu, kuze kube iminyaka engu-30. Futhi uma ucabangela intengo kanye yokufunwa kakhulu, kulindeleke ukuthi zonke utshalomali kuyovuzwa Eminyakeni yokuqala isivuno esihle.