Indlela yokususa amanzi kusukela esisekelo sendlu. Amapayipi okugeleza amanzi amanzi angaphansi komhlaba

Amapayipi okugeleza ngokuthinta amanzi angaphansi komhlaba asetshenziswe cishe kwisakhiwo ngasinye sangasese, kanye nasemkhakheni wezindlu zangasese. Ukuyinkimbinkimbi komsebenzi ekuhlelweni kwalesi simiso ngeke kuthonywe nje kuphela ngokuphakama kokutholakala kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, kodwa futhi nangesilinganiso somthamo wesayithi, kanye nendawo. Amapayipi okugeleza ukukhipha amanzi kusayithi aklanyelwe ukuvikela phansi komhlaba, izindlu zangasese, nezinye izingxenye zendlu kusukela ekukhukhuleni, okungabangelwa amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, ukuqhubekela phambili komhlaba kanye nemvula. Uma ufaka imifudlana emathangeni eduze nomkhathi wesakhiwo, ungaqinisekisa ukugeleza kwamanzi kuleso sento, ukuqeda ukubonakala kwamanzi nokubunjwa, kanye nokubhujiswa ngaphambi kwesikhathi.

Uma kudinga udonga oludingekayo

Amapayipi okugeleza ngokuthinta amanzi angaphansi komhlaba angadingeka ngaphansi kwezimo ezahlukene, ikakhulukazi lesi sidingo sichazwe yizici zezwe. Kodwa kwezinye izimo, kusetshenziswe uhlelo lwamalungiselelo okugeleza. Lokhu kuhlanganisa indawo kwezinye izingxenye zendlu ngaphansi kwezinga elilinganisiwe lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Ukuhlelwa kwesistimu okunjalo kungadingeka esimweni lapho izindlu zangaphansi zitholakala endaweni ephakeme engadluli ngamamitha angu-0.5 ukusuka ezingeni elibalwe lamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukubekwa kwamakamelo angcwatshiwe emhlabathini owomileyo kanye nobumba, kanti ukutholakala kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba akukhathaleki.

Ukuze kukhishwe ukukhukhula kwensimu nokunciphisa ukugeleza ketshezi ezindaweni zokuhlala nezakhiwo zezomnotho, uhlelo lokudonsa eduze kwendlu encane luhlonyelwe, olwengeziwe nge-slope engu-2%, kanti ububanzi balo kufanele bube yimitha eyodwa eceleni kwendawo. Ngemuva kwamaphayiphi okudonsa amanzi emanzini angaphansi komhlaba, kubalulekile ukwenza inhlanganisela enhlabathini lapho ugcwalisa umsele. Ukuvalwa kwamanzi kufanele kusetshenziswe engxenyeni yesakhiwo esithinta inhlabathi. Lesi sidingo asincike ekungabikho noma ekufikeni kwemithombo yesisekelo. Uma indlu yakhiwe emhlabathini onesihlabathi, owelula kalula amanzi ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba, umsele wamadonga awuhlali. Kulesi simo, inhlabathi akumele igwezele ngaphansi kwama-80 cm.

Izindlela zokususa amanzi kusukela esisekelo

Uma ufuna ukubeka amapayipu okugeleza ngamanzi angaphansi komhlaba, kufanele uqale uzijwayele ubuchwepheshe bokuqala bokuhlela izakhiwo ezinjalo. Ngakho-ke, kukhona uhlobo oluvaliwe lwamanzi, okuyinto umsele onesihlabathi kanye negravel. Emhlabathini, ukumba ama-groove, okugcwele isihlabathi kanye namatshe okulandelana ngokulandelana. Ukuze kutholakale umphumela omuhle kakhulu, amathanga angahle ahlelwe ngendlela yesigodi sikaKhisimusi, okuyinto ephakathi nendawo okumelwe yenziwe nge-slope eqondiswe ekukhuculweni kwamanzi. Ibanga eliphakathi kwamabhodlela kufanele linqunywe mayelana nokubunjwa kwenhlabathi. Uma kungumbuzo womhlabathi wobumba, le parameter ayidluli amamitha ayi-10, ngoba loam lesi sibalo ngamamitha angu-20, kanti ngomhlabathi onesihlabathi - amamitha angu-50.

Ukugeleza kwangaphandle

Lolu hlobo lokugeleza luyinto elula kakhulu kudivayisi futhi engabizi ekusebenzeni. Esikhathini somsebenzi kubalulekile ukuhlomisa ama-groove, ububanzi bawo buyi-0.5 amamitha. Kuzodingeka ukujula ngamasentimitha angama-70. Ukumba ama-groove kwenziwa nxazonke zesayithi, emaphethelweni emifudlana kufanele ifakwe emazingeni angama-degrees angu-30. Amanzi avela kulesi simiso ayofika emgodini jikelele wamanzi. Uma unquma ukusebenzisa lolu buchwepheshe, lapho kusetshenzwa khona amapayipi okudonsa amanzi okugeleza komhlaba, isithombe siyanconywa ukuba sicatshangelwe kusengaphambili, sizokuvumela ukuba uqonde ukuthi ukukhubazeka okuyinhloko kweso simiso ukubukeka okungathandeki okulimaza indawo yesayithi.

I-Peripated Piping

Enye indlela yokuguqula amanzi kusukela esisekelweni ngepayipi le-perforated. Lolu buchwepheshe luthandwa kakhulu. Umsele uzoba ojulile futhi uhlolwe ukukhipha amanzi asemhlabeni aphezulu. Emhlabathini, ama-asbestos-amakhemikhali noma amapayipi e-ceramic abekwe, lapho izimbobo zandulela khona. Inketho yesimanje yesikhulumi sepulasitiki enezinhlelo ze-perforations noma zamanzi, elungele ukubeka. Okugcina ungayithola ekudayisweni.

Isixazululo esithile sokususa amanzi kusukela kwesisekelo: amathreyi amanzi

Uma kudingekile ukuguqula ukuchithwa kwemvelo endlini, amathreyidi amanzi angasetshenziswa, ngoba ilungiselelo okudingeka ukuthi lisebenzise imikhiqizo eyenziwe ngekhonksi leplastiki noma ekhonjiwe. Ama-trenches azohamba esuka kumamukeli wamanzi aye endaweni yokuphuma, kuyilapho kubalulekile ukuhlinzeka ngentaba encane, ehlukahluka kusuka ku-2 kuya ku-3 degrees. Izinto zifakwe emifudlana encane elungiselelwe ngaphambili, emaphethelweni awo okumele abe sezingeni elifanayo nomhlaba ongenhla. Ngaphezulu kwamathreyi avaliwe nge-grilles yokuhlobisa. Uma indlu isenyakatho, khona-ke izindawo ezivulekile zingase zakhiwe ngaphesheya komthambeka, lokhu kuzokuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwamanzi ageleza kusuka phezulu.

Izinhlobo zamapayipi okugeleza

Ngaphambi kokukhetha amapayipi okudonsa amanzi angaphandle komhlaba, i-GOST yayo izoqinisekisa ikhwalithi, umuntu kufanele aqonde izinhlobo zabo. Isibonelo, amapayipi we-HDPE kwenziwa ngokuhambisana ne-GOST 16338-85. Uma ukhetha ukwaziswa kwamanzi, okuyiwona amaphayiphi aphikisiwe, kufanele uqondiswe ukujula kokubeka kwabo nokuhlukumeza kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba. Okuthandwa kakhulu namuhla ngamapayipi epulasitiki, okungenziwa nge-polyvinyl chloride, i-polyethylene ephansi kakhulu, i-polyethylene ephakeme kakhulu ne-polypropylene. Okuthandwa kakhulu yizikhukhula zepulasitiki, ezilula ukubeka nokuletha entweni. Uma sicabanga ngezinhlobonhlobo zemikhiqizo enjalo, kubalulekile ukuhlukanisa ukutholakala noma ukungabikho kwe-perforation, kanye nenhloso yokujula okuthile kokungena.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwamapayipi amanzi ngokwezinhloso

Uma ucubungula amapayipi okugeleza amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, izithombe zazo ezethulwa kulesi sihloko, okokuqala kudingekile ukwazi ukuthi zihlukanisiwe ngokusho kwensimu yokusetshenziswa. Isibonelo, ipayipi elihlangene kabili liye lakhulisa izici zamandla, ngakho-ke lisebenza ngokubeka okujulile emhlabathini. Kukhona imikhiqizo enezihlungi ezenzelwe lezo zindawo lapho kungenzeka khona ukuvala uhlelo ngezinhlayiyana ezincane bese ulungisa isakhiwo. Amapayipi okugeleza of ububanzi obukhulu asetshenziswe kulawo maso lapho kunesidingo sokukhipha amanzi amaningi. Kulungiselelo lwezinhlelo kwezinye izimo, kunesidingo sokumboza izici ezakhiweni ze-geotextiles. Uma ucabangela izinhlobo zamapayipi okugeleza ngokuthinta amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, uzothola imikhiqizo esivele isinikezwe nge-geotextiles, futhi lezi zakhi zingabekwa kumamitha amathathu kuya phezulu. Intuthuko yobuchwepheshe ayimi, emakethe namuhla ungathola amapayipi ngesisindo esenziwe nge-coconut fiber, esivumela ukufezekisa umphumela omuhle.

Izimpawu zokubhebheza kwamanzi amapayipi

Ukukhetha izingxenye zesistimu yokuvikela isisekelo kusuka emanzini, ungakhetha amapayipi amanzi okukhishwa kwamanzi angaphansi komhlaba i-Wavin. Zitholakala ezinhlobonhlobo ezintathu: ngaphandle kwesihlungi, esinesihlungi esekelwe ku-fiber zokwenza izinto kanye nesihlungi esenziwe kusuka ku-fiber kakhukhunathi yemvelo. Izinto ziguquguquka futhi zithembekile, ngakho kulula ukubeka ngaphandle kokwesaba umonakalo. Bangakwazi ukuba yingxenye yamathambo avaliwe kanye nezinhlelo ezinezici eziyinkimbinkimbi zokuklama. Lokhu kukuvumela ukuba unciphise inani lokufakwa ngesikhathi sokufakwa.

Ukuthenga amakhoyili wamapayipi, ekugcineni ungabona ukuxhuma okukuvumela ukuxhuma izakhi ndawonye ngaphandle kokusebenzisa ithuluzi elengeziwe namathengi. Amapayipi okugeleza okunjalo amanzi okuphuma endlini avumela ukuthi ulondoloze, ngoba awudingi ukuchitha imali eyengeziwe.

Izincomo zokuhlelwa kwesimiso sokuhlehliswa kwamanzi kusukela kwisisekelo

Ukwakhiwa kwamanzi okudongeni kwenziwa ngaphandle kwendlu esakhiweni salo. Ibanga eliphakathi kwepayipi lokudonsa nodonga luzoxhomeka ekujuleni kobubanzi bendawo kanye nendawo yemithombo yokuhlola. Akudingekile ukubeka odongeni ukukhipha ngezansi ipuleti yesisekelo noma yedwa we-tape base. Uma isakhiwo sesisekelo sitholakala ekujuleni okuthakazelisayo, khona-ke umsele ungabeka ngaphezu kwedwa kuphela, kodwa kuphela ukugcinwa kwezinyathelo ezivimbela ukuchithwa kwezingxenye zesistimu yamanzi. Lapho imigqa yokudonsa igcwele amanzi, ungagcina esihlabathini. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kunconywa ukuthi usebenzise izinto zokusebenza ze-geocomposite ezinamaphrofayili afakwe epulasitiki afakwe nge-geotextile. I-membrane izovikela isisekelo sakhiwo kusuka emswakeni futhi izothuthukisa kahle amanzi emipayipi ye-perforated ngenxa yendawo engavamile. Isihlungi se-geotextile siyodlula amanzi, ngaphandle kokuhamba kwezinhlayiya zomhlabathi okumelwe zigcotshwe.

Ukubeka kwepayipi

Kubalulekile ukuqala umsebenzi ngokugaya umsele, ububanzi bawo kufanele bulingane nobubanzi bombhobho ovela ngaphandle, kule nani kufanele kufakwe amamentimitha angama-40. Esigabeni esiphambanweni, umsele ungase ube nesigcawu esingenxantathu noma se-trapezoidal, akufanele kube khona izinto zangaphandle ezansi njengezintambo ezinzima, amatshe amakhulu noma izitini, okuyinto ngesikhathi sokusebenza kungalimaza udonga olungezansi lombhobho. Okokuqala, isendlalelo sesandle sithelwa phansi, emva kwalokho uhla lwezinto ezincibilikayo lufika. Ingxenyeni engenhla yepayipi kumele ifakwe ngetshe lamatshe achotshoziwe, ukuphakama kwalo okungamamentimitha angama-20. Kwaphinda futhi, uhlaka lweshlabathi lubekiwe, ingxenye engaphandle yenhlabathi ihlanganiswe ne-turf. Kubalulekile ukulandela ukulandelana kwezendlalelo. Lapho kusetshenzwa amapayipi okudonsa amanzi okugeleza, izithombe ongacabangela ngazo kulesi sihloko, isihlabathi kufanele sibekwe kuqala. Isihlungi senzelwe ukuvimbela izinhlayiya zenhlabathi kanye negravel elihle ukungena epayipi yokudonsa, ngaphandle kwalokho imigodi yamanzi izovinjelwa ngokushesha futhi uhlelo luzodinga ukuhlanzwa.

Amathiphu wokuthuthukisa uhlelo

Ukuze kugcinwe amanzi, kuyadingeka ukufaka imithombo yokuhlola ezingxenyeni eziqondile , ezisuswa komunye nomunye ngamamitha angu-50. Kumele kube ezindaweni zokujika, ukushintsha emazwini okuthambekela kanye nomzila wepayipi. Indlela evelele kakhulu yokubeka izakhi zokugeleza ukuma kwe-herringbone, ngayinye yamagatsha ayo ayofika emgodini omkhulu wokuqoqa amanzi. Amanzi angaphansi komhlaba ngokusebenzisa umbhobho wokuqoqa uyogobhoza ngamandla adonsela phansi emgodini ongasemgwaqweni, amanzi okuphefumula noma amanzi. Uma indawo yokukhishwa kwamanzi ingaphansi kwezinga lesayithi, kubalulekile ukuphakamisa kahle amanzi, lapho ipompo izosusa khona amanzi.