Indlela yokutshala zinhlayiya kasawoti kanye nezinye izinto?

Ngo-laboratory esikolweni kanye nasekhaya ungathola zinhlayiya olulodwa amahle noma amaqoqo amakristalu encane, bamboza izinto ezahlukene (iphepha omfisha, aphume ngentambo, iphepha imifanekiso). Indlela yokutshala zinhlayiya kasawoti ziyoncibilika emanzini? Kusukela noma ubani ofisa ukwenza lo nakho okuthakazelisayo, kudingeka ukunemba, ukunakwa, futhi abulawe olunembile imiyalelo.

Kuyini crystallization?

Lapho Ukuqedwa ketshezi emanzini, izinhlayiya iye isixazululo. Lo mkhuba reverse ibizwa ngokuthi "crystallization". Le nqubo lihlotshaniswa izinguquko solubility efana ngaphansi kwamazinga ahlukahlukene okushisa. Ngu kancane kancane ukupholisa zinhlayiya iwe isixazululo ayegcwele. Ukuma izinhlayiya okuholela zifana cubes, amadayimane ehlome, imiphetho iqonde futhi izinhlangothi bushelelezi. Ifanele ukuhlola compounds ezahlukene: chloride sodium, ushukela, i-potassium dichromate, ithusi sulphate kanye nezinye izinto. Batinikela ehlukile ukuma nombala wazo zinhlayiya. I etholakalayo iningi compounds amanzi-encibilikayo - usawoti. Ingqikithi iphephile nabantu, aliholeli kuvutha luthintane nesikhumba noma ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Ake sizwe okusheshayo indlela yokutshala usawoti zinhlayiya.

Amacebo eziwusizo

ukunamathela imithetho elula iyadingeka uma enza isipiliyoni. Lokhu kuzokuvumela ukuba ngokushesha ukuthola zinhlayiya enkulu ukuma njalo:

• zisebenzisa demineralised noma amanzi distilled ;
• izinto sikhule zinhlayiya kokuba solubility ezinhle;
• kokuchitha nesipiliyoni esitsheni esihlanzekile;
• isixazululo ehlungiwe (ngokusebenzisa kunokwenzeka paper ithawula).

Inqubo kungenziwa kugujwe, kodwa kunamasiko ukuthuthumela nokuzamazama ukuhambisa esitsheni akufanele kube. Abantu abaningi bayazibuza indlela yokutshala zinhlayiya sikasawoti, ukuze bangabakaNkulunkulu osayizi abathile. Zonke incike lokushisa lapho isixazululo ligcwele futhi phezu khona izinhlayiya undissolved futhi akhiphe amanyela.

Nge Ukupholisa kancane amakristalu amakhulu esichotho, futhi ngesikhathi okusheshayo - eningi aphakathi nendawo kanye elincane. Ukuze kuphole embizeni ne isixazululo ishiywa egumbini abandayo, noma ibekwe endishini amanzi kanye naseqhweni.

Yini imishini kuyadingeka ukuze isipiliyoni?

Lab 'Ukutshala kasawoti zinhlayiya "engenziwa ngempumelelo ekhaya. Kungashona izinto silula futhi izinto:

• ebhodleleni noma beaker (kungathatha asebhange);
• pan Ukushisa ku a okugeza amanzi;
• endishini ngamanzi abandayo, lapho ikhambi elihlale is selehlile;
• coli ngoba ibangele (ingilazi noma ukhuni);
• the uphondo futhi isisefo sephepha (iphepha ithawula);
• Thermometer amanzi;
• wire ithusi, isiqeshana;
• ngentambo;
• ice cream induku noma ipensela;
• usawoti polstakana;
• amanzi demineralized.

Indlela zinhlayiya sikasawoti, na? Ukufundiswa umsebenzi laboratory

Khetha ngaphambi zinhlayiya kasawoti, ukudla ngobukhulu, ayokhonza njengamakhosi imbewu izinhlayiya. Yibophe intambo, bopha unamathele kusukela ayisikhilimu (ipensela). Nakuba ukubeka lokhu preform futhi ukulungiselela isixazululo ayegcwele. Kudinga ukusetshenziswa heater. Qaphela igeleze amanzi ashisayo engakutholi ngishiswa sikaphalafini.

Inqubekela:

1. Omunye isipuni sikasawoti uthele imbiza yamanzi kanye nendawo a okugeza amanzi (90 ° C). Ilokhu ukuyaluza Wand ketshezi kuze nokonakala ephelele nosawoti izingxenye.
2. Qhubeka ukuze wengeze ketshezi kuze ancibilikisa. Ucabange ukuthi at 100 ° C ngo-100 ml amanzi usuhlakazekile 39.2 g sodium chloride.
3. Uma ukugcwaliswa kufinyelelwe, wavala umshini bafudumale. Hlunga ketshezi ashisayo nezinye ebhange.
4. Cwilisa isixazululo sifudumele waba yangaphakathi ne kuyizinhlayiyana ukuze uqale inqubo.

Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile sikhule crystal kasawoti. Idinga uthole futhi pussycat ezomile ephepheni ithawula. Kungenzeka ukuba afeze ukuhlolwa ngaphandle ukuqalisa crystallization noma ngentambo ephansi uboshelwe clip metal. It luyokhula zinhlayiya. Uma uzinameke ukuvenisha, basuke kangcono balondolozwa.

Kanjani ukuze uthole blue zinhlayiya?

sulfate yethusi kakhulu oncibilikayo emanzini. zinhlayiya ezinkulu blue zingatshalwa yalolu ketshezi. Kuphela nje qaphela ukuba sifeze isipiliyoni - ekhuthaza anobuthi. Indlela yokutshala zinhlayiya usawoti okuyinto hydrate crystalline zethusi sulfate? ungakwazi ukhule emaphethini ezinkulu futhi ezinhle kakhulu, uma efakwa eziqalisa isixazululo. Ukuze uthole it in a esosweni uthele kancane isixazululo supersaturated zethusi sulfate kanye ngobusuku obubodwa ngakwesokunxele. Kusukela zinhlayiya ahlukaniswe kuyakhethwa lowo ezinkudlwana, kuboshelwe intambo kasilika futhi egxilile ashisayo isixazululo ayegcwele ukuze asisho uthinte izindonga phansi imbiza. Ngo umoya zethusi sulfate amanzi nakanjani ehwamukile, iba ugodo ogqamile powder zethusi sulfate. Kufanele kube ngomumo ukuze ome crystal futhi lacquered.

Indlela yokutshala zinhlayiya kasawoti ngesimo izinhlamvu izibalo?

Ngo amabhange ukulungiselela ngokuhambisana brine imfundo, sulfate yethusi, ushukela, potassium dichromate (ukuba ibhodlela obuhlukahlukene). Ukuze izinto ezimhlophe angasebenzisa udayi ukudla. Yenza mncane wire sibalo noma incwadi. White izindikimba yoboya ukugoqa ngokucophelela ke. ezineka ezingodweni Lower ibhalwe ukumiswa ngendlela okwamanje selehlile izixazululo supersaturated ukuthi ningathinti phansi izindonga zendlu amathini. Usuku noma imifanekiso ngisho ngokushesha embozwe zinhlayiya. Susa kubo emoyeni omile ithawula iphepha bayigubungele nge kungekho nto enemibala emihle nail sula. A imibono ambalwa for zinhlayiya esekhulile:

• nkulumo esikoleni ngesihloko esithi "Solutions";
• umbiko design kwi ukuziphatha komsebenzi laboratory;
• umhlobiso samaholide odongeni iphephandaba;
• ukukhiqizwa Christmas amathoyizi izihlahla Christmas;
• izipho abangane, othisha, abazali,
• ukudala iqoqo zinhlayiya esekhulile.