Inethiwekhi ikhompyutha olandelwayo enzelwe oshumayela amakhompyutha 'ukukhulumisana' ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi

Akungabazeki ukuthi abantu abaningi bayaqonda ukuthi amakhompyutha zitholakala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zezwe, okwandisa quantitatively ngokushesha noma kamuva kwadingeka ukuba "zifunde" ukuxhumana nomunye futhi abe ukufeza umsebenzi ndawonye. ngezimpawu ezinjalo ezazisetshenziswa ekuxhumaneni babé computer amanethiwekhi, okuyizinto zendawo nezomhlaba wonke. Njengoba amanethiwekhi wendawo endaweni - okungukuthi kumanethiwekhi ukuxhuma amakhompyutha sise amafushane komunye nomunye, isibonelo, isakhiwo esisodwa. Umsebenzi we-WAN Kuhlobana amanethiwekhi namakhompyutha, ahlukaniswe nokuqhelelana kwezindawo - ngamakhulu nangezinkulungwane amakhilomitha. Umhlangano omkhulu kunayo yonke Inethiwekhi yomhlabajikelele emhlabeni kuba kwi-Inthanethi.

Ngisho ekuqondeni izisekelo ezicatshangelwayo we amanethiwekhi, ngokuvamile akukuniki umuntu akwazi ukuqhubeka umusho kahle elula: uphrothokholi inethiwekhi computer kuyinto ... Nakhu ukuzama ukuqonda ukuthi yini kukhona yezifiso inethiwekhi futhi yilokho kanye abakudingayo. Vele uqaphele, lomgomo inethiwekhi yekhompyutha iphuzu eliyisisekelo, okuyinto wenza sikwazi ukuhlela ukuxhumana phakathi amakhompyutha, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ibanga ukuthi elibahlukanisile.

Iqiniso lokuthi uxhumano okulula computer eyodwa kuya kwenye - isinyathelo kudingekile ukwakha inethiwekhi yekhompyutha akwanele. Ukuze kungenzeka ukudluliswa ulwazi inethiwekhi iye yatholakala, kubalulekile ukuthi ukubonisa amakhompyutha "ukuqonda" nomunye. inethiwekhi ikhompyutha olandelwayo it is eziklanyelwe oshumayela amakhompyutha "Inkulumo ethi" ngohlelo kuyaqondakala eyodwa inethiwekhi kwenye "ulimi". Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthetho olandelwayo kwenethiwekhi imidanti, ukunamathela okuyinto kungenzeka ukuba ahlele ukudluliswa kwedatha phakathi kwamakhompyutha.

Ukuze ngokugcwele lokho digress olandelwayo kusukela umkhakha ikhompyutha. Ngisho nomuntu ongakaze wabhekana amanethiwekhi ne-Internet, wahlangana amadivayisi, ukusebenza naso olusekelwe yezifiso ngokukhethekile ekuphileni kwansuku zonke. Ngokwesibonelo, esiku ucingo line, eyayinqamula isetshenziswa yibo bonke, ngokusekelwe olandelwayo nokuphathelene ivumela umshini ukunquma ukuthi ukususwa kwihendisethi ku iyunithi, okuyinto uthola ucingo, ukuba recognize ngokuhlukana, kanye nenombolo lomuntu okushayele.

Sethemba, manje mina ukuthi kungani leli zwe ikhompyutha okudingekayo ukuba nolimi olulodwa olwaziwayo (okuthiwa protocol), kucace wonke amakhompuyutha emhlabeni.

Basic yezifiso Inthanethi ethulwa TCP / IP, i-POP3, SMTP, FTP, HTTP, IMAP4, WAIS, Gorpher,-WAP. Ngayinye yalezi Izivumelwano ekufezeni imisebenzi ethile.

Iziphakamiso eziyisisekelo eziyisisekelo-Internet-TCP / IP - olandelwayo adalwe izingqondo engcono lesintu. Omunye Abadali yalesi olandelwayo kwaba Vinton Cerf. Namuhla, lowo onikelayo wayebheka "uyise wabo inethiwekhi global." Manje Vinton Cerf ukusebenza njengoba Senior Vice President ekudalweni nokuthuthukiswa izakhiwo Inthanethi Corporation MCI WorldCom Inc.

Sebenza Ukulawula olandelwayo we Transmission Protocol / Internet Protocol (ie-TCP / IP) seziqedile ngo-1972, iqembu onjiniyela eliholwa Vinton Cerf kuyinto.

Ekuqaleni TCP / IP saleso US zoMnyango Wezokuvikela, kodwa ke umthetho olandelwayo uye ncane injongo yawo nokuthi isibe iqoqo eziyisisekelo imithetho wavumela Inthanethi global ukuthola ukuthuthukiswa ngokushesha. Ngaphandle lokhu olandelwayo usebenza amanethiwekhi ezincane usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe Inthanethi - intranethi. Namuhla, izimiso TCP / IP yezifiso evulekile njalo ngcono.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi TCP / IP empeleni uphrothokholi olulodwa, empeleni yayo - uhlu yezifiso ezisebenza ndawonye. Iziphakamiso eziyisisekelo siqukethe izingqimba ezimbili. Injongo elingenhla ungqimba olandelwayo - TCP, wukuthi sihlele kahle ukuguqula idatha ku amaphakethe ulwazi kufanele bafike ezingeni lizwe aphethe njengesisekelo ukwakhiwa komlayezo wakuqala. On the ephansi ezingeni olandelwayo - IP Onjiniyela wabeka duty ukuqapha ukulethwa lesifanele imiyalezo eya endaweni.