Innovative yomkhiqizo: ubuchwepheshe kanye ngezigaba

Ezimweni okhona njengesilwane izimo kubalulekile ukuze okwandisa nekusebenta amabhizinisi esivuna emisha. iziphi izici zangaphandle libhekene ukungaqiniseki dynamism, futhi ekukhuleni wenkampani ngaso sonke isikhathi sihambisana kubangele izingozi ezinkulu. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, ukwenqaba emisha kungaholela nemiphumela ngempela ongemuhle.

Ukuhlobana umbuzo

corporations Umhlaba sika elikhulu kunawo wonke umsebenzi waso focus okhethekile kwimikhiqizo ezintsha kanye nobuchwepheshe. Nokho, zisekelwe yokuthi emisha - into ngenakugwemeka. ukuphathwa kwabo kuyisihluthulelo nokugcina ezingeni lelisetulu ukusebenza. Ukungakwazi ukusebenzisa umkhiqizo inqubo emisha ikhombisa nokungakwazi yenkampani ukuzivumelanisa izici zangaphandle futhi ngokuvamile uholela ekubeni ezikweletini.

Imininingwane yalolu umkhakha

Ukudala umkhiqizo ezintsha iqoqo imisebenzi ehambisana ngokuletha umklamo yezesayensi nobuchwepheshe umphumela, ezifanele ukusetshenziswa ku umkhuba. Lo msebenzi uhilela ukuklanywa ubunjiniyela imisebenzi, ucwaningo, izinqubo zokuhlola, ukuthuthukiswa. Isigaba sokugcina ukwethulwa imiphumela umsebenzi imikhiqizo ezintsha ezimakethe.

Imininingwane zomlando

Isayensi, ngo kohlaka okuyinto ekutadisheni umthelela emisha ku ukusebenza nomphakathi kanye nokuthuthukiswa komnotho, yaqala ukuvela ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Imisebenzi yokuqala ngalezi zindaba eziye zanyatheliswa Kondratiev futhi Schumpeter. imikhiqizo ezintsha kanye namasevisi babé kakhulu funa-yalolucwaningo 40 ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka. Nakuba kwaba khona isidingo sezisebenzi ukuchaza izinto sokukhula ngokushesha kwezomnotho kwamanye amazwe ngaphandle amanani abalulekile capital kanye zabasebenzi. Ngaphakathi isiyalo kwaqinisekiswa isiphakamiso ukuthi kwenqubekela-phambili kwezesayensi kanye lobuchwepheshe kanye kudalwa ezintsha njalo ephelezelwa ekuthuthukisweni komnotho welizwe kazwelonke.

isilawuli ngokucacile

Izinkinga ezihlobene okukhuthaza imikhiqizo ukuthi ukuxazulula ukuphathwa emisha. Kuyinto iqoqo izimiso, izinhlobo nezindlela zokuphatha baqashwe kule amabhizinisi wemboni nabasebenzi bawo. Ukuvama ukuphathwa njalo uyanda. Lokhu kungenxa nesidingo esikhulayo imikhiqizo ezintsha ukuthi yena, kuvusa umsebenzi ukudalwa kwako.

sici

Umkhiqizo emisha ingasetshenziswa endaweni ethile, noma jikelele. Lungase yenzelwe ukusetshenziswa yangaphakathi (phakathi kwenhlangano) noma ukwenza njenge ukushushumbisa into. Umkhiqizo emisha ubhekwa ngokuyinhloko ngenxa umsebenzi wokudala. Lubonakaliswa ethile kuncike, ubuchwepheshe, indlela nokunye. An emisha ibizwa nangokuthi inqubo ethula izakhi, izakhi, izimiso, izindlela, Tindlelanchubo esikhundleni akhona.

imphawu letibalulekile

Noma yimuphi umkhiqizo ezintsha selivela into. Ngaye, setha abo ukusetshenziswa value, kunqunywa ngesisekelo impumelelo kwezesayensi nakwezobuchwepheshe. Ukuthuthukiswa umkhiqizo ezintsha eziqondiswe ekuhlangabezeni izidingo zomphakathi nge ezingeni lelisetulu izinzuzo. Nazi isici esiyinhloko akulona izici lobuchwepheshe kanye umthengi. Innovative imikhiqizo emisha - lawa imiphumela yomsebenzi bokusungula womuntu. Ngakho, abelana ingxenye bokusungula ngokwanele ezinkulu. Ekusebenteni, kukhona ngokuvamile isuka ekuhloleni kubaluleka kwetentakalo umphumela zomsebenzi bokusungula, kanye awuvikele abasebenzisi abangathembekile.

imininingwane ehilelekile

Umkhiqizo ezintsha okumelwe ahlukaniswe kubo kusukela icebo. Lesi sakamuva ubuye enze ngenxa umsebenzi wokudala nabanengqondo. Nokho, ezimweni eziningi, kungase ahlale ezinganeni. Ukusungulwa uyobonakala umkhiqizo ezintsha kuphela uma kufunwa ngabathengi. Ezenye umsebenzi bokusungula kufanele ulethe Kusizuzisa yangempela. Ukuqamba sigxile ngokukhethekile ku ukuthola izinzuzo ngokusebenzisa ezithile umkhiqizo ushintsho, ubuchwepheshe, izimo zenhlalo yomphakathi nezomnotho noma ukuphathwa indlela.

ngezigaba

Ekusebenteni, ochwepheshe amaqembu elandelayo emisha:

1. Technical. Zimelela imikhiqizo emisha kanye nezindlela zokukhiqiza.
2. Yenhlangano nokuphathwa. Lezi zihlanganisa izindlela ezintsha kuhlelwa kanye nekuphatfwa.
3. Komphakathi. Ziyakwazi amafomu yamaholo, ukuqeqeshwa, umsebenzi wokufundisa.

Ubuchwepheshe amathuluzi, imisebenzi, izindlela, ngawo is iguqulwe izakhi lokukhiqiza engenayo nazo. Ihlanganisa amathuluzi, imishini, izinto zokusebenza, ulwazi kanye namakhono.

amazinga

I eseyintsha umkhiqizo iqoqo izakhiwo abonisa ushintsho olukhulu into. Kungaba khona ezingeni:

1. Enterprise.
2. Ikakhulukazi emakethe.
3. Embulungeni yonke.

Kusukela umbono umenzi, umkhiqizo emisha kuyahluka ngezinga elithile eseyintsha, lokubonakala inkampani isilungele ikhishwe. Leli zinga ungaboniswa zokunciphisa izindleko, ukusetshenziswa ezinye izinto, amathuluzi, izindlela yokuhlela ukukhiqizwa futhi yokuthengisa. Ukusebenza nenqubo ngesikhathi esifanayo angase enze inzuzo eyengeziwe, anda umthamo wokuthengisa phambili ekuhwebeni. Ngokombono umthengi / umsebenzisi, degree of izinto ezintsha kanye nokufuna ukusebenza ukusetshenziswa umkhiqizo ezintsha sivezwe kula ithuba ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezintsha noma izidingo elidala ngendlela entsha. Ukuze abathengi, umkhiqizo kungase kungabi izisombululo ezazingaziwa lobuchwepheshe. Nokho, kuyoba entsha.

etintfweni

Degree emisha unobuhlobo ngqo nezinga lobungozi futhi okubalulekile ukuphathwa izinkinga zingaxazululwa ekwenziweni eziyinkimbinkimbi wezinyathelo ekwakhiweni imikhiqizo ezintsha. Izazi ziye bahlonze lezi zici ezilandelayo enomthelela kuwo:

1. Okwakhe imibono kanye nenani Kwabelwa R & D
2. Marketing izindleko.
3. I Coefficient OS izibuyekezo.
4. Ukukala ukubuya.
5. Umthamo yokuthengisa.

Umthelela ku ukuziphatha kwabathengi

imikhiqizo ezintsha angeke nje ukuhlangabezana nezidingo ezikhona kodwa futhi ukudala izidingo ezintsha. I okungenani umthelela okuphazamisayo ku amaphethini zokuziphatha imikhiqizo ngabalingisi. Bayisibonelo imodeli Ushintshe we imikhiqizo pre-ekhona. Kwezinye ngeengaba kwezimpahla ezifana kuchazwa njenganoma emisha okuqhubekayo. Baletha impela inzuzo enhle, ngoba ayidingi izindleko ezinkulu futhi umzamo ukucacisa abathengi izakhiwo ewusizo. Kukhona futhi emisha ngamandla okuqhubekayo. Njengomthetho, abazi ekuguculeni zokuziphatha zabantu abathenga futhi uyisebenzise. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi ingaba umthombo kakhulu sihluke imikhiqizo ekhona.

Izimali nazo emisha discontinuous - Izinto sha, ukuguqula amaphethini akhona yokuziphatha. Basuke kubhekwa njengento eyisisekelo, ubuchwepheshe eziyisisekelo. Waba yini umphumela wesibindi isicelo sabo Ukwakheka kwezitho izimboni ezintsha, imisebenzi isizukulwane. Umcwaningi wase-America Mensch, kwatholakala ukuthi ubuchwepheshe ukuthi abe nomthelela enjalo ephawulekayo emphakathini, avele isikhathi zokucindezeleka kwezomnotho. Lokhu mqondo kuqinisekiswa ukuvela emisha ezinkulu kule minyaka 1935-1945, kanye 1970

Esigabeni bacindezeleke izimo nokusinda ezingozini kanye nezidingo isakhiwo ngaphansi izinguquko ezinkulu. Ngale nkathi ubuchwepheshe ngaphambili kukhona alunamsebenzi. Lokhu, kuphoqelela ukufuna amakhambi amasha. Esigabeni bacindezeleke ekusebenziseni emisha eliyisisekelo iba ithuba kuphela ukuze utshale izimali inzuzo futhi banqobe komnotho.

Indlela High-Tech

Umphakathi wanamuhla kusekelwe wave yesihlanu. Isinqe salo waba impumelelo zakamuva emkhakheni ezokuxhumana kanye Informatics. ubuchwepheshe aphezulu ukukhiqizwa olungalungile, uhlamvu jikelele, elikhulu ulwazi olunzulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingabantu:

1. Kususelwa ezisunguliwe ezinkulu nokunye okuye kwatholwa isayensi.
2. Nciphisa ukulahlekelwa ukukhiqizwa emabangeni Lesisemkhatsini lomjikelezo zobuchwepheshe.
3. Have esiphezulu ukuhambisana kwemicabango njengemisho ingxenye.
4. Kufundza ngababili nge nobuchwepheshe obuhlobene nalo.
5. Dinga i-eliphansi imithombo, izinto, abasebenzi kanye namandla.
6. Ezahlukene nobungane kwemvelo.

ubuchwepheshe besimanje bagxile ikakhulu nokwaneliseka azidingayo. Kule ndaba, kugcizelelwa aspect emphakathini nasemnothweni imikhiqizo ezintsha.

isiphetho

umkhiqizo ezintsha, ilungelo okuyinto ahlinzekwa njengengxenye emakethe exchange inezici ezivamile umthengi izindleko, ejwayelekile imikhiqizo bendabuko. Njengoba sihambisana nale, it has umehluko okukhulu kusukela amaqembu yangaphambilini futhi ekhona umkhiqizo. Endaweni yokuqala zivela ngezinga elithile eseyintsha. Ukuba khona kwawo ivumela umsebenzisi kukhishwe izinzuzo ezengeziwe ezivela ukusetshenziswa. Obsolete zithenga izimpahla Ungahambisa ku kwamanye ezigcawini, uhlale entsha isikhathi esithile.

Namuhla, kunamabandla corporations, umsebenzi oyinhloko kuhloswe ukuthuthukiswa ubuchwepheshe ezazingaziwa nezindlela zokukhiqiza. Umsebenzi wabo kuhambisana nokuhlaziya ngokucophelela emakethe umthengi, okubonisa isidingo.