Inqubo ye-bankruptcy kanjani? Ubuso? Ungaqala kanjani inqubo?

Kusukela kungekudala kakhulu ezweni lakithi inqubo yokuqashwa kwabantu ngabanye iqalisiwe futhi iyaqhubeka isebenza. Ubuso. Kungenzeka ukuthi lo mcimbi uqaliswe nguhulumeni futhi unqunywe yizinhlangano zomthetho ezingekho ngengozi, kodwa ngenhloso yokuvimbela imiphumela embi, okungabangela ukungabikho kwezakhamizi, okuyisibonelo, ezithatha imali mboleko ebhange, kodwa ngeke zibuyisele ngenxa yezizathu ezithile. Kuyini ukulahleka kwabantu ngabanye, inqubo, inqubo, imiphumela yesicelo sayo - konke lokhu kuzohlaziywa kulesi sihloko.

Umthetho wezomthetho

Ukuchithwa kwesakhamuzi kulawulwa ngumthetho ofanayo nokwehliswa kwebhizinisi elisemthethweni, futhi ikakhulukazi - uMthetho weNombolo No. 127 "Ngokwe-insolvency (ukuphahlazeka)". Kodwa-ke, ekuqaleni kwalolu dokhumenti olujwayelekile, kwakungekho izakhamuzi ohlwini lwabantu abangabekwa ngaphansi kwenqubo ecutshungulwayo. Ngomthetho kaJulayi 2015 kuphela uNombolo 476-FZ owaqala ukusebenza, ngokusho ukuthi idokhumenti yokuqala yachitshiyelwa futhi yanikezelwa. Ngokuyinhloko, lo mbhalo uhlanganiswa nesigaba esinikeza ukuchithwa kwabantu ngabanye. Abantu. Inqubo, inqubo, imiphumela yokusebenzisa lelo thuba lokuqeda izikweletu zibekwe kulolu hlelo lwesenzo somthetho, kanye nakweminye imibhalo evamile.

Izenzo ezivamile kule ndawo zikhathalela abantu abangenayo imithombo yokuthola imali, ngakho-ke, noma yikuphi, okungenani ithuba elincane lokuxazulula nabathengi. Kule mithetho ye-federal, ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo zokuhlelwa kabusha zichazwe, inqubo yayo ichazwa, futhi ukudayiswa kwempahla yomboleki ukumboza izimangalo zabathengi bayo kulawulwa.

Ulwazi jikelele

Inqubo okucatshangelwayo ingenziwa kuphela ngokufaka isikhalazo kumakhotho, okumele ahlole ngokucophelela yonke imibhalo ethunyelwe kanye nobufakazi bokungabikho. Ngenxa yalolu cwaningo, inkantolo kumele inqume ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi umemezele ukuthi umuntu ulahlekile noma akunjalo. Izinhlangano zomthetho kumele ziqaphele ukuthi isakhamuzi noma usomabhizinisi oyedwa ungabonakali yini, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isicelo sabo noma isicelo somunye umuntu sokuqothulwa komthetho siyaqiniswa. Uma isicelo esinjalo singalungile, inkantolo kufanele inqabe ukwaneliseka kwayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma umuntu enezikweletu, kuhlanganise nalabo abadlulile, nokufaka kwakhe insolvency kuqinisekisiwe, khona-ke inkantolo kumele imqaphele, noma kunalokho, isinqumo senkantolo sethula inqubo yokuqothulwa kwabantu ngabanye. Ubuso. Ngaphakathi kohlaka lomcimbi, isikweletu somhlali singasungulwa kabusha.

Ezinye izimo

Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukufeza inqubo yokuqedwa kwabantu ngabanye ngesikhathi esisodwa kusho ukusekwa kwemingcele ethize emalungelweni omakhelwane ongekho emthethweni. Kulezi zinsuku, singaqeda ukuvinjelwa kunoma yikuphi ukuthengiswa kwempahla, ukuvinjelwa kokukhokhwa kwanoma yiluphi uhlobo lwezikweletu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuvinjelwa okunjalo akufaki nje kuphela izakhamizi ezisesiteji sokuqothulwa, kodwa nakwabolekisi. Ngakho-ke, lezi zinsuku zingavunyelwe ukucacisa impahla yomhlaba, ngisho nokuba yisibopho nabo.

Isenzo se-normatif esingenhla senza inqubo yokuqedwa kwabantu ngabanye, kuhlanganise nezidingo zabafakizicelo abangaba khona. Isibonelo, sichaza ukuthi ubani ongabhengezwa ukuthi ulahlekile. Ngaphezu kwamabhizinisi angokomthetho, inqubo enjalo ingenziwa ngaphansi kwabantu abangokwenyama. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abantu baqondwa njengabomabhizinisi abazimele, namapulazi, kanye nabantu abaye bayeka imisebenzi ehlobene nebhizinisi, kodwa ngubani oshiye ezinye izikweleti.

Umthetho owaqala ukusebenza ngoJulayi 2015 ulawula ezinye izinto ezintsha. Ngakho-ke, kuncike enkambweni enjalo kungaba kuphela umuntu onesikweletu sakhe esingaphezu kwama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingamakhulu amahlanu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-term yesibopho esiphezulu kufanele idlule izinyanga ezintathu. Kunezinye izici ezidinga ukubhekana nazo: isakhamuzi, inqubo engase iqalwe ngayo, akufanele ivivinywa, futhi inani eliphelele lesikweletu sakhe kumele libe liphakeme kunanani lempahla yakhe. Eminyakeni emihlanu eyalandela ngemuva kokuba inqubo yokuqaphela ukuchithwa kwabantu ngabanye igcwaliswe, Umuntu, isakhamuzi esinjalo siyobekwa ilungelo lokuphindelela ukufaka isicelo esifanayo neziphathimandla zokwahlulela. Futhi uma umuntu onjalo ebekwe ngaphansi komthwalo wemfanelo ngenxa yokuphoqeka kwamanga noma ngamabomu, isitatimende esivela kuye ngeke samukeleke nhlobo.

Le nqubo ivela kanjani?

Inqubo yokubhidliza nat. Umuntu unenhloso esemthethweni yokuxazulula ubuhlobo bomthetho phakathi kwesakhamuzi nenhlangano yezezimali. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, akulula ukuba ngumuntu olahlekile, ummeli wezomthetho unikeza izindlela ezehlukene zokuvimbela abantu ababhekwa njengabashonile ukuba bangabhubhi, abangekho ababhekwa kanjalo. Phakathi kwabo kuyisheke sokuntuleka kwemali engenayo, kanye nesheke sokuntuleka kwempahla ehambayo futhi engasuswa.

Yikuphi okumele uqale inqubo yokuqothulwa nat. Abantu - mhlawumbe umbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, inqubo iqala ngokuqala ukusebenza kwesenzo sezomthetho esifanele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, imenenja yokubambisana, okungukuthi, umuntu ozosebenza ekusetshenzisweni kwenqubo yokukhokha, uthatha impahla yomuntu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kufanele wazi ukuthi ukukhwabanisa okunjalo kungeniswa kuwo wonke amafa wezenzo ezingekho emthethweni, ezomthetho zinikeza uhlu lwezinto nezinto ezingaboshwa ngazo ukuboshwa. Ngemuva kokuboshwa kanye nokufakwa kwempahla ye-insolvency, umuntu ogunyaziwe kufanele asebenzise ukulinganisa kwempahla.

Ngeziphathimandla zezomthetho, umuntu ozoqaliswa ngalo inqubo angacela ukuthi ukuxoshwa kuhoxiswe esakhiweni sakhe ngenxa yokuthi uzobuyisela isikweletu, noma ukulungele, isibonelo, ukuphothula ukuhlala kahle nabantu abakhokhisayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbolekisi angabonisa enkantolo futhi abonele isiqinisekiso nesiqinisekiso somuntu, kungaba ngokomthetho noma ngokomzimba. Futhi, ngezenzo ezinhle ezinjalo zomthengi, inkantolo ingahle ihlehlise ukuqala kwenqubo yokuqeda inyanga eyodwa. Ngalesi sikhathi, lo msulwa angase afike esivumelwaneni esivumelana nabakweleta. Ngakho-ke, ukwazi ukuthi ungadlulisa kanjani inqubo yokukhokha kumuntu ngamunye, wazi zonke izikhathi nezinkomba zale nqubo, ungakhetha indlela engcono kakhulu yokuxazulula le nkinga.

Uma kwenzeka ukuthi umuntu ozoqaphela ukuthi unqatshelwe njengamacala angazange aqale, akubonakali enkantolo ukuthi unakho noma unenhloso yokubuyiselwa isikweletu, ijaji lizokhipha isenzo sokwahlulela, esiqala ukuqhutshwa komthetho. Ngenqubo yalokhu kukhiqizwa, zonke izimangalo ngokumelene nombolekisi, izimali ezikhishwa ngamashidi okukhipha, ukukhishwa kwezijeziso kanye nezindleko kumisiwe. Izimangalo ezitholakale kubabolekisi abangenayo isikhathi sokuziveza enkantolo futhi ziqoqe isikweletu enkantolo, ngemuva kokuqala kwenqubo, zithunyelwa kumqondisi wezimali, owazi ukuqhuba inqubo yokukhokha imali. Ubuso. Nguye ozokhipha isinqumo sokuthi isimangalo silungile noma singenangqondo. Kunoma yikuphi, isinqumo somphathi singaphikiswa enkantolo.

Qalisa icala

Ngakho-ke, emva kwakho konke, ukuthi yini okufanele uqale inqubo yokuqothulwa nat. Ubuso? Okokuqala, kufanele kucaciswe ukuthi le nqubo ingaqaliswa kuphela ngabathengi bezakhamuzi, kodwa futhi ngokuqondile kuye, futhi nangemizimba egunyaziwe, kuhlanganise nesevisi yentela, umasipala nabanye. Ngokwemvelo, ngaphambi kokuba athumele isicelo enhlanganweni yezomthetho, umthumeli kufanele aqoqe wonke amadokhumenti angase asekele ukuthi, okokuqala, aqiniseke ukuthi kukhona isikweletu kanye nokungaqhubeki isikhathi eside, futhi okwesibili, ukufakazela ukungeniswa kwesakhamuzi, okungukuthi, ukuthi impahla yakhe neholo lakhe bambalwa Ukuvala ngokuphelele zonke izimangalo. Kuphela emva kokuqoqa wonke amadokhumenti anjalo kudingeka abhale isitatimende futhi alethe enkantolo, afake kuwo wonke amakhophi.

Ezimweni lapho abafakizicelo bengabantu ababolekisa isakhamuzi noma inhlangano egunyaziwe, akudingeki ukuba bafake izicelo kuphela ezincwadini ezingenhla, kodwa futhi kubhaliwe ubufakazi bokuthi bafake isicelo kumboleki, befuna ukubuyiselwa kwesikolodo, babonise ukuthi kufanele babuyiselwe kanjani.

Abanalo ilungelo lokuqala inqubo yokukhokha umuntu okhokhelwa izinzuzo zokukhokhelwa kwezimpahla, izinzuzo zezempilo, nezinye izimali ezihlobene ngokuqondile nobunikazi babo.

Inqubo yokwenza inqubo yokukhokhisa nat. Umuntu ulawulwa ngumthetho futhi uqala ngokuthunyelwa kwesicelo sokuqedwa kwesakhamuzi, osomabhizinisi noma omunye umuntu. Yiqiniso, isicelo kumele sisungulwe ngendlela ehlelwe yimithethonqubo, kufanele ihlangabezane nazo zonke izidingo ezibalulwe emthethweni wokuqedwa ngokwawo, kanye nasemthethweni wezinqubo zomphakathi. Kumadokhumenti athunyelwe, idatha elandelayo kufanele iboniswe:

• Isibonakaliso segunya lesigwebo lapho isicelo sithunyelwe khona.
• Idatha yomuntu siqu isakhamuzi okumelwe kuthiwe ilahlekelwe.
• Izidingo zomkweletu noma inhlangano egunyaziwe (uma isicelo singathunyelwa yisakhamuzi).
• Inani lesikweletu elinomfanekiso wenkathi yokuba khona kwayo.
• Uhlu lwempahla engumakhelwane onetyala.
• Isizathu, ngokusho ukuthi umfakisicelo ubheka kanjani isakhamuzi ukuba singene.
• Ezinye izimo ezibalulekile, ngokombono weqembu ukuya enkantolo.

Yonke le datha iboniswa ngqo kuhlelo lokusebenza. Kodwa-ke, isicelo ngokwayo kuzodingeka sihambisane namadokhumenti asekelayo. Lezi yizi:

• Amadokhumenti abonisa ukungabi khona kweholo noma ukutholakala kwawo.
• Isitifiketi esitshela ukuthi isakhamuzi asisebenzi noma isitifiketi esivela emsebenzini.
• Izikhombo mayelana nokubunjwa komndeni.
• Isitifiketi esivela endaweni yokuhlala.
• Amadokhumenti abonisa ukuba khona kwabathembeki.
• Isiqiniseko sokukhokha kumphathi, okwenziwa ngokubhala.
• Izaziso nezidingo zababolekisi, izinhlangano ezigunyaziwe, ziqondiswe kumboleki.
• Umbiko wokuhlola (uma umbolekisi efaka isicelo enkantolo).
• Idokhumenti eqinisekisa ukukhokhwa kwemali kahulumeni.

Ukuthengiswa kwempahla

Inqubo yokukhipha imali izokwenzeka kanjani? Abantu, ngokuqinisekile, kuxhomeke kumphathi, isipiliyoni sakhe namakhono akhe, kanye nezinye izici. Isigaba esibaluleke kakhulu kule nqubo ukuthengiswa kwempahla yomboleki. Indlela ezokwenziwa ngayo, izinga lokukhokhwa kwezikweleti kubo bonke ababolekisi bayoxhomeka emiphumeleni yokuthengiswa kwempahla. Ngakho-ke, isithakazelo esikhulu kunazo zonke ekuthengiseni impahla ngokweqile, kubabolekisi. Njengoba sekushiwo kakade, zonke izimpahla ezigcinwe yisakhamuzi okubhekiswe kuyo inqubo yokuqeda imali zilawulwa ngumphathi futhi zibandakanya ukuthengwa kwezimali eziphelele. Ngemuva kokuhlolwa kwayo, ukuqaliswa kwenziwa ngokuhweba okuvulekile futhi okusobala. Kulezi zindandatho, noma ubani angathenga indawo ezodayiswa. Imali evela ekuthengiseni okunjalo isatshalaliswa kumphathiswa wokubambisana phakathi kwababolekisi, kodwa ngokulandela isimiso sokuqala. Uma behluleka, basatshalaliswa ngokulingana nezikweletu ezikhona.

Nakhu kudingekile ukuthi uhlenge indawo lapho okungahambisani nakho kungeniswa khona, ngokulandelana, futhi akukwazi ukuqaphela:

• Izwe lapho kuhlala khona izindlu kuphela, kanye nezindlu ngokwayo.
• Izinto zokusetshenziswa ngabanye.
• Amalindi, izindondo nezinye imiklomelo.
• Imali isamba ngenani lemali yomholo ophikisana nommangalelwa, okwenzelwe ngonyaka ohambelana nawo, kanye nabantu abahlala naye ekugcineni.
• Ukudla.
• Izilwane (ekhaya).
• Imishini yasendlini, intengo yayo engadluli ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane ezingamashumi amathathu.

Futhi nakuba ukulahlekelwa kwabantu ngabanye, inqubo, inqubo yokuziphatha kwayo, kuhlanganise ukudayiswa kwezimpahla, kuchazwe izenzo zomthetho, ngokwenza abanjalo abanecala, abanempahla efanelekile yokuqaliswa, abavamile. Kumele futhi kuqaphele ukuthi indawo yokuhlala, eboshiwe ebhange futhi ibophezele ngemali mboleko yokubolekwa kwempahla, ingabuye yaqaphela.

Amagugu

Yikuphi okumele uqale inqubo yokuqothulwa nat. Umuntu, inqubo yokuziphatha kwayo inomqondo ozwakalayo. Futhi imali etholakala kanjani ngokudayiswa kwezimpahla zalabo ababolekayo? Ukukhokhwa kwezikweletu kwababolekisi, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kwenziwa ngokulandelana. Izimangalo zokuqala zanelisekile kuqala. Ngemuva kokubuyisela okugcwele kwezidingo zale migqa, izidingo zesibini bese umgca wesithathu zibuyiselwa. Isigaba sokuqala sihlanganisa ababolekisi, obolekwayo okubekwe ngemuva kokulimala okubangelwa impilo noma impilo. Futhi kulo mgqeni kukhona ababolekisi ngokuvumelana. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inkokhelo ikhokhelwe kumphathi, kanye nalabo abathintekayo. Isigaba sesibili sihlanganisa nabantu abanezidingo zomholo ngaphambi komboleki. Okwesithathu kuhlanganisa izidingo zokukhokhelwa kwezinsizakalo kanye nokukhokha kwezindlu ngokwayo. Isigaba sesine - ezinye izinkokhelo.

Ababolekisi abangenhla futhi izimangalo zabo zanelisekile njengento ebaluleke kakhulu, njengoba kubhekwa njengababolekisi bokukhokha kwamanje. Kwababalisi abasele, abafakiwe kuhlu lwabangobolekisi, kukhona imigqa emithathu. Ngokufanayo, izimangalo zabo zibuyiselwa ngokulandelana. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, izimangalo zababolekisi emgqeni ofanayo ziyaneliseka, kucabangela lowo owake wahambisa isidingo kumphathi, okungukuthi, ngokulandelana kwekhalenda.

Izimangalo zababolekisi, ekukhokhweni kwazo okwakungekho imali eyanele emva kokudayiswa kwazo zonke izimpahla zomboleki, kubhekwa njengokubuyiselwa.

Imiphumela yendlela

Inqubo yokwehliswa kwabantu ngabanye iyathakazelisa kanjani abaningi, kodwa akubona wonke umuntu oqonda ukuthi emva kwenqubo enjalo, inkantolo izobeka imingcele ethize kulahlekelwa phansi, okungukuthi, amanye amalungelo ayo ngeke akwazi ukuwasebenzisa ngesikhathi senqunywe yinkantolo. Ngakho-ke, phakathi kwemingcele enjalo: owehlulekayo ngeke avunyelwe ukuba ahlanganyele kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi webhizinisi, ikakhulukazi, ukuphatha izikhundla zokuphatha ezinhlanganweni zomthetho, afake ezinhlanganweni zezimali ukuze uthole izikweletu ngaphandle kokukwazisa lezi zinhlangano zeqiniso lokuqedwa kwazo.

Ngenkathi yeminyaka emihlanu, isakhamuzi esingenamali asinelungelo lokumemezela kabusha ukulahleka. Futhi kulawo maqiniso uma isicelo sokuqedwa kuvela kwabanye abantu ngesikhathi esisodwa, inqubo yokuqedwa iyokwenzeka ngendlela ehlukile. Ngakho, ngemuva kokuphela kwesikweletu, isakhamuzi ngeke sibhalwe phansi uma kwakungekho imali eyanele yokuyikhokhela. Ababolekisi abanjalo bayonikezwa ithuba lokuthola amashidi aphezulu futhi baqhubeke nokuqoqa izikweletu ezivela kumuntu olahlekile.

Ukulungiswa kabusha

Inqubo yokubhidliza nat. Umuntu angase ahlinzekele ukulungiswa kabusha. Leli gama lisho ukubuyekezwa komboleki wesikweletu sokukhokhwa kwemali mboleko. Lokhu kungase kube ukwehla kwenkokhelo yenyanga kanye nokunwetshwa kwethemu, nokubhala phansi izinhlawulo, izinhlawulo, nezinye izinketho ezizuzisayo ezihlanganyelwe kulabo abathintekayo. Ngokuyinhloko, ababolekisi, ikakhulukazi amabhange, bayazi ukuthi inqubo yokuqothulwa kwabantu ngabanye iqhubeka kanjani. Umuntu, nokuthi ngemva kokuqedwa, akunakwenzeka ukuthola lutho. Ngakho-ke, ngokuyinhloko, bona bayavumelana ngokuzithandela ukulungiswa kabusha.

Ukuze inkantolo ivumele ukulungiswa kabusha, kumele inikeze uhlelo olucacile lokuthi isikweletu sizobuyiselwa kanjani. Kulolu hlelo, zonke izindleko zesakhamuzi, kuhlanganise nokugcinwa kwenyanga yenyanga, kufanele zichazwe. Uma lolu hlelo luqinisekisa inkantolo, khona-ke anganikeza isikhathi seminyaka emithathu ukubulawa kwakhe. Ngalesi sikhathi lowo muntu ubophezelekile ukukhokha zonke izikweletu. Uma lokhu kwenzeka, icala lokuqothula lizoqedwa, futhi isakhamuzi ngeke sitshengiswe.

Isiphetho

Ukuqedwa kwabantu ngabanye, inqubo, inqubo, imiphumela yesicelo sayo ichazwe ngokuningiliziwe ku-Federal Law eshiwo ngenhla. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, le nqubo ibaluleke kakhulu kwabanye abakweleta abangakwazi ukufeza izibopho zabo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imingcele ebekiwe kubo ngemuva kokusebenzisa le nqubo ingabaluleka kakhulu izakhamizi ngabanye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuyohlale kukhona abantu abazama ngamabomu ukuzitshela ukuthi bayabhidliza, ukuze bagweme umthwalo wemfanelo futhi bangabuyeli imali.

Umbuzo wokuthi inqubo yokwenza imali ibambe isikhathi eside kangakanani. Umuntu, ubuye bunzima kakhulu. Le nqubo ingathatha izinyanga ezimbalwa, futhi ingadonsela isikhathi eside. Ngezindlela eziningi, lokhu kuxhomeke ekuhlangenwe nakho kwomphathi, ngenani lababolekisi, ekubunjweni kanye nemvelo yendawo yomboleki, ngesivinini sokuqaliswa kwayo, nakweminye izizathu ezihloswe nezizathu.