Iziphakamiso Ukuxhumana embhalweni: izibonelo. iziphakamiso Ukuxhumana embhalweni, izindlela zokuxhumana

Ukuze idlulisele kwabanye noma ngokwami, Nginomuzwa wokuthi ngifuna ukusho, abantu basebenzisa yombhalo lizwakalise ngolimi esibhaliwe noma esikhishwa ngomlomo, ngokuzwakalayo noma ngokwengqondo. Ngokuvamile liqukethe eziningana ezihlobene linencazelo nemisho nokusetshenziswa kolimi. umbhalo Russian e oyiyo zingahluka kusuka isethulo kanye nokwakhiwa imisho nemishwana kwezinye izilimi.

Umqondo wombhalo

Noma yimuphi umbhalo has ukuthwala incazelo futhi ngokucacile kuyofikwa emgqeni indaba. Isihloko umbhalo - kuyinto umqondo walokho okuzobe kudingidwa. It is wadala ukuba adlulisele ulwazi noma yisiphi isihloko akhethiwe, luthunyelwe ngesimo iziphakamiso ngazinye, elihlanganiswe okuqukethwe ezivamile semantic.

umusho ngasinye esilandelayo embhalweni elakhiwa a microtome ukusiza zembula izindikimba ezivamile. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, isethulo esingaguquguquki uhlele kabusha imicondvo lemcoka umbhalo lembula umbono, okungukuthi into idaliwe.

Ingcikitsi umqondo umbhalo zihlale oxhumene bese bakha okuqukethwe isitatimende. Umqondo oyinhloko lungase lubonakale kwelinye uhlu, noma umsindo enhlokweni. Umbhalo ibe eyakhayo, zikhona ezinye izindlela zokuxoxa izipesheli.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbhalo ngamunye has a isakhiwo nezici bakuchaza ngokuthi iyunithi ngokolimi ecacile.

izimpawu yombhalo

Ukuze lithole ukuthi lezi isitatimende umbhalo, kufanele wazi ukuthi esivamile ngaye:

• Okokuqala, umbhalo njalo ulwazi, Ngakho-ke, noma yini uhlobo zokuxhumana izipesheli, njalo isiphakamiso esisha yiyona ukudalulwa main theme, hhayi ukuphindaphindwa okufanayo.
• Okwesibili, ukuxhumana, njengoba yonke isiphakamiso okwalandela ixhunywe ngaphakathi kokuchaza nasesikhathini esedlule.
• Okwesithathu, ubuqotho okuyinto adalwe ubunye isihloko kanye umcondvo lobalulekile ngaphakathi okuqukethwe kudalulwe.
• Okwesine, umbhalo has a okokugcina, kwenzekani lapho umcondvo lobalulekile lidluliselwe isilaleli noma umfundi.

• Okwesihlanu, umbhalo ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuthi "ukuhlukana" zibe izicucu ezincane ezifana nokulandelayo izigaba.
• Okwesithupha, umbhalo kumele luhambisane isimo, ngempela noma ezisunguliwe, okungase baqonde futhi baqonde isilaleli noma umfundi.

Zizathu thina kungacacisa ukuthi noma ngabe isiphakamiso umbhalo noma lutho ukwenza nomunye.

Isakhiwo umbhalo

Okunikelwe umkhiqizo axhunyaniswa nomunye esebenzisa:

• uxhumo lendawo, ezifana sendzima;
• zokuxhumana global, okuyinto umbono we okushiwo umbhalo ngokuphelele;
• ukuxhumana contact iziphakamiso njengokuphelelisayo olandelayo;
• zokuxhumana ezikude lapho izingxenye inkulumo kwesigaba uchaza izingxenye zombhalo.

Enye inkomba yokuthi umbhalo oyiyo, okubandakanya ngesingeniso, maphakathi ingxenye nesiphetho (isiphetho).

Chain isixhumanisi iziphakamiso embhalweni

Izindlela weminikelo zokuxhumana zihlukaniswe ezingeni lucebe, morphological, takhi semantic futhi syntactic. On ezingeni kwesakhiwo semantic ukuhlukanisa iketango namafomu parallel yokuxhumana. Chain ukuhlobana iziphakamiso kusikisela ukuthi inkulumo yinye ngayinye elandelayo okwalandela lembula okushiwo kulowo odlule. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokusebenzisa:

• ukuphindaphinda lucebe ;
• omqondofana;
• esikhundleni samazwi.

Izibonelo ukuxhumana iziphakamiso embhalweni :

• Inganekwane ethile ukuthi okusezingeni eliphezulu entabeni seqhwa yidolobha elihle ngobuningi injabulo. Edolobheni akukho nezifo nobubha, kanye zonke izakhamuzi zomphakathi okuphakade balindelwe ukuphila. Ukuphila okuphakade ngaphandle kwempi, ngaphandle indlala nokuguga zaphoqa namadoda abanesibindi uhambe beyofuna edolobheni eliyimfihlakalo. Iziphakamiso axhunyaniswa into ngokuba iphindaphindwe lucebe, lapho umqondo oluyisisekelo izitatimende langaphambilini wadalula elilandelayo ukuze uthole kuye.

• Ngibuke ifilimu entsha. Comedy kwaba funny ngempela. Kuleli fomu yokuxhumana esetshenziswa esikhundleni nezinye omqondofana ngamunye: ifilimu - comedy.
• Ngafunda incwadi ezithakazelisayo. Yena ethumba ingcondo yami ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezizayo. Iziphakamiso ezihlobene esikhundleni izwi usebenzisa incwadi kuso isabizwana.

Lapho esikhundleni ngokuvamile amagama asetshenziswa tabito tekukhomba futhi siqu, tivumelwano, tabito, tandziso nesikhatsi amazwi ahlangene. It futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa izinhlobo zokuxhumana kulezi zikhundla njengoba imvume yomlomo, isibonelo:

• Ebusuku eyayina. Izinkanyezi kuqala esibhakabhakeni. Kungakhathaliseki izwi pass, okushiwo umbhalo kucacile futhi kusho ukuthi uma kusihlwa esibhakabhakeni izinkanyezi athoma ukuvela.

uxhumano parallel

Ukuvala iziphakamiso embhalweni kusho ukuthi zizimele ngokuphelele futhi akuzona ongumphelelisi nomunye. Lapho uxhumano ezifana noma bona abaphikiswa noma ifaniswe nomunye, noma uthumele noma yini.

Lolu hlobo uxhumano oluhambisana oda efanayo amagama, imisho amalungu uhlobo olufanayo amafomu nokusetshenziswa kolimi. Ngokuvamile ekuvaleni iziphakamiso esetshenziswa abalobi a indaba emfushane ka isithombe esinembile okwenzekayo ngokusebenzisa incazelo. Njengoba ngayinye iziphakamiso kulombhalo ezimele, bona bandise "umngcele" lomcimbi. Lokhu kungaba ukuzibonakalisa ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezihlukahlukene.

Izibonelo zokuxhumana iziphakamiso embhalweni:

1. Lapha wezwa ukukhala lokuqala libe iqhude. Lapha baphungula esibhakabhakeni empumalanga. Yilokho kuphela inkanyezi eyodwa kwesokunxele in the sky. Nakhu kufika ekuseni ukuqala kosuku olusha. ekuqaleni Same naleso siphakamiso ihlanganisa wawayisa incazelo yombhalo owodwa okuxhunyanwa lomcimbi - kuba impindamqondo anaphoric.

2. On the asphalt liqala ukuna wawa. Money waqala ukuthatha izambulela. Kulesi sibonelo, uxhumano okucishe kufane nalokhu iziphakamiso embhalweni wenziwa ngokuhlanganisa omunye mkhuba - imvula - kuba ngendlela enengqondo yokuxhumana.
3. Imoto kwesokunxele egalaji. Umgwaqo wayesalokhu lingenamuntu futhi ethule. Ilanga ekuphumeni nje phezu komuzi. Ukunikezwa uhlobo olufanayo ehlangana esebenzisa juxtaposition yabo.

uxhumano Umfuziselo iziphakamiso embhalweni zingahlanganiswa ukuze iketanga futhi ukulandelana parallel-chain.

Parallel-isixhumanisi chain

Ngo parallel, iketango libizwa isibopho uma zombili lezi zinhlobo asetshenziswa etheksthini lefanako. Kulokhu, yesibili yemusho ixhunywe uxhumano lokuqala okufanayo, futhi eyesithathu ihlobene yesibili futhi lihlotshaniswa isixhumanisi chain.

Izibonelo zokuxhumana iziphakamiso embhalweni ngokumane nje babe nesimo parallel-chain:

• Ezithakazelisa kakhulu kwaba isifundo yokuthakwa kwamakhemikhali. Yini kungaba amashubhu test futhi flasks ku etafuleni likathisha? Hlobo luni ekumeni lososayensi omkhulu namathebula izithombe usithe hang on odongeni - konke wawumusha abafundi sengisilethe lapha kuqala. Izigwebo lesibili nelesithathu kuthiwa kuhlobene chain link usebenzisa ekuqaleni esifanayo, kuyilapho okunengqondo exhunyiwe uxhumano lokuqala nelesibili ngokulinganisa.
• Emgwaqweni ngokucijile ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa. Ngo-mercury lokushisa lehla ngoba idijithi zero. Wabonisa okushisa angaphansi kwezinga-qhwa, futhi lokhu kwasho ukuthi ubusika akulula ngakho uya ithawula. Izigwebo sokuqala nesesibili bebodwa, bahlanganiswa into eyodwa - pholisa, kuyilapho isiphakamiso wesithathu ohlobene yesibili chain link ngokufaka esikhundleni amagama.

Kulesi hlobo zokuxhumana kuyinto ukuvezwa egcwele yalezi zenzakalo ezichazwa noma ukudluliselwa.

Nathi inikeza lucebe

Uma ifomu lucebe yokuxhumana inikeza umbhalo Russian ugcwale ukuphindaphinda amazwi afanayo noma cognate. Thanda isitayela umbhalo esivamile isitayela olusemthethweni futhi ibhizinisi, futhi ezincwadini - incazelo. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Kwasukasukela Umkhulu kanti owesifazane. Kube nomkhulu kanye nowesifazane izingane.
• Umlando - isayensi izinto ezenziwa abantu esikhathini esidlule. Esikhathini esidlule, yayikhona ngaphambi ukuvela Homo sapiens, futhi izenzakalo ezenzeka izolo, konke kuba umlando.

Futhi, ngenxa iziphakamiso lucebe zibandakanya esikhundleni amagama amqondo ofanayo noma bomcondvophika noma ubuhlobo babo ejwayelekile. Izibonelo zokuxhumana iziphakamiso embhalweni:

• Kwakubonakala on enqabeni umkhathizwe. Citadel baba nengwenya more njengoba zisondela kuye. Yomiselela nge omqondofana.

• Omunye ukufana side yayincane. Enye - eside. bomcondvophika ezisetshenzisiwe.

Ngakho, "bambelela" iziphakamiso embhalweni besebenzisa ubudlelwane lucebe.

syntax wezokuxhumana

Kulesi indlela yokuxhumana iziphakamiso ayafana e isakhiwo. Le nqubo ibizwa ngokuthi impindamqondo syntactic, isibonelo:

- Kuyadingeka ukuba the best. Kumele ube ngumuntu ongcono kunaye izolo.

Juxtaposition iziphakamiso (hlanganisa them ukuze zibe yisikhungo esisodwa efanayo Uhlobo Inani) isetshenziselwa uxhumano okufanayo, isibonelo:

- Ducks futhi ahlanzekile agcwele izinhlanzi namahansi ebhukuda eduze nogu. Ukuthula okwakukule ndawo labetibambile okulindile lapho omunye ingqapheli aphonse izincezu zesinkwa emanzini kwechibi. Kuqalwe le mpikiswano idalwa yini nesiyaluyalu esaba khona.

Lapho umongo syntactic evame ukusetshenziswa amazwi, supply fastener ezitholakala embhalweni owodwa: ngendlela eshiwo ngenhla nokunye okunjalo.

izindlela morphological zokuxhumana

Lapho izinhlobo morphological bezokuxhumana ngokuvamile ezisetshenziswa:

• esikhundleni emabito ukuthi izabizwana - ehlathini eziningi izihlahla. Ngokusho ukuthi abuse, kungenzeka ukuba yahlulele mayelana ngezithako zawo. Amabizo esikhundleni izabizwana.
• nesenzo nokuthatha isikhathi uhlobo - a isivunguvungu ngokuzumayo umoya lishaya. Isambulela wahlwithwa izandla. Tento yohlobo yokwenziwa kukhona esikhatsini lesengcile.

• izinhlayiya kanye Amazwi okuvula - Yena eyayingalungile. Ngenxa yalokho, abangane bakhe akazange ayisekele.

uxhumano morphological ngokuvamile elisetshenziswa imibhalo yobuciko of uhlamvu achazayo noma lelandzisako.