Iplanethi iPetononi. Ucwaningo lwesayensi lwamaplanethi wesistimu yelanga

Ukuhlola yemihlaba - kumnandi. Siyazi yonke Usemncane ukuthi ezimweni eziningi, awukwazi ukukhuluma mayelana amaqiniso, nemibono kuphela. Lolu cwaningo amaplanethi - lokhu endaweni lapho okutholakele ezinkulu eziseza. Nokho, ngento usengakwazi ukutshela. Ngemva ucwaningo amaplanethi yesimiso sonozungezilanga sezenziwe emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka.

Esikhathini isithombe ngezansi (kusuka kwesokunxele kuya kwesokudla) we iplanethi Mercury, Venus, uMhlaba ne-Mars ziboniswa osayizi zawo ezilinganiselwe.

Ngoba kucatshangwa ukuthi phakathi Jupiter ne-Mars kukhona iplanethi, kuqala liphakamisa 1596 Iogann Kepler. Ngokubona kwakhe babusekelwe yokuthi phakathi la maplanethi isikhala elikhulu eliyindilinga. Ubuhlobo enokwehla echaza cishe ibanga ukusuka elangeni amaplanethi ahlukahlukene, ukuthi zavela ngo-1766. It is njengoba linguThithiyu-Bode ezaziwayo. Nokho ongayithola iplanethi, ngokuvumelana lo mthetho, kufanele kube mayelana 2.8 nasesifundeni. e.

Nokucabanga Ticius ukuthola asteroyidi

Ngenxa yalokho wokutadisha amabanga ahlukahlukene amaplanethi eLangeni, eyenziwa engxenyeni 2nd kwekhulu le-18, linguThithiyu, physics isiJalimane, wenziwe isiphakamiso ezithakazelisayo. Yena conjectured ukuthi phakathi Jupiter ne-Mars kunesinye nendikimba ethile esemkhathini. Ngo 1801, ukuthi, ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka embalwa, kwatholakala Ceres elisemkhathini. Wathuthela ngokunemba okukhulu ibanga eLangeni, lunikeza umthetho linguThithiyu. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva kwatholakala elisemkhathini Juno, uPallas futhi Vesta. omise yabo basondelene kakhulu Ceres.

ukuqagela Olbers

Olbers, kamuva isazi sezinkanyezi German (isithombe sakhe kunikezwa ngenhla), ngesisekelo lesi wasikisela ukuba phakathi Jupiter ne-Mars buqamama eLangeni imayelana 2.8 amayunithi yezinkanyezi olwalukhona iplanethi, manje ahlukaniselwe asteroyidi eziningi. Waqala ukubiza Shay. Kuye kwasikiselwa ukuthi lo mhlaba olwalukhona izinto eziphilayo, futhi kungenzeka ukuthi yonke impucuko. Nokho, akuwona wonke ama-iplanethi Phaeton kungabhekwa njengokuvikela okuthile okungaphezu nje ukusola.

Imibono mayelana lapho kubhujiswa lesi Phaeton

Ososayensi kwekhulu lama-20 uphakamise ukuthi angaba yizinkulungwane 16. Eminyakeni edlule i-iplanethi yezinto wabulawa. manje Baningi mpikiswano ukuthi uphola ezifana izizathu okwaholela sigemegeme. Abanye ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi amandla adonsela phansi Jupiter wabalekisela lapho kubhujiswa lesi Phaeton. Esinye isiphakamiso - mlilo. Okunye imicabango yabantu ephathelene umbono ngaphansi bendabuko, - ukungqubuzana Nibiru, ogama orbit sihamba kwesokudla ngokusebenzisa isimiso sethu sikanozungezilanga, futhi impi yenuzi.

Ukuphila Phaeton?

Kunzima ukuba yahlulele ukuthi kukhona ukuphila Phaeton, njengoba ngisho ukuba khona iningi iplanethi kunzima ukufakazela. Nokho, ucwaningo kwenziwe ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka ubonisa ukuthi lokhu kungase kube yiqiniso. Umberto Kempins, oyisazi sezinkanyezi ukusebenza e-University of Central Florida, wathi engqungqutheleni yaminyaka yonke uMnyango yemihlaba Sciences iqiniso lokuthi iqembu lakhe wathola amanzi ku le nguzunga 65 Cybele. Ngokusho kwakhe, le nguzunga phezulu camera nge ungqimba ezondile ice (micrometer ambalwa). Futhi iminonjana therein we amangqamuzana angokwemvelo atholakele. Ibhande efanayo phakathi Jupiter ne-Mars, le nguzunga kuyinto Cybele. Amanzi kancane ngaphambili satholakala 24 Themis. On Vesta futhi Ceres, a elisemkhathini esikhulu, futhi wathola. Uma kuvela ukuthi lokhu bhasi we Phaeton, kungenzeka ngempela ukuthi lo mhlaba ekhuliswe Emhlabeni izinto eziphilayo.

Namuhla, umbono wokuthi ezikhathini zasendulo kwakukhona iplanethi Phaeton, isayensi olusemthethweni ayibonwa. Nokho, kukhona okuningi abacwaningi nososayensi ngubani kusekela umbono wokuthi lena akuyona nje inganekwane. Ingabe Phaeton iplanethi? Usosayensi Olbers, okuyinto sekushiwo, kunenkolelo.

Olbers umbono mayelana ukufa Phaeton

Sesike watshela ekuqaleni kulesi sihloko ukuthi izazi zezinkanyezi ezinsukwini Genriha Olbersa (18-19 ekhulwini) wathatha umqondo wokuthi esikhathini esidlule kwakukhona umzimba esikhulu yasezulwini phakathi umzila wenyanga Mars kanye Jupiter. Babefuna ukuba baqonde lokho okufundiswa oshonile kwaba Phaeton iplanethi. Olbers namanje kakhulu ngokuvamile zavela bayihlaba kakhulu inkolelo yakhe. Wasikisela ukuthi lezinkanyezi ezinomsila kanye asteroyidi kwamiswa ngenxa yokuthi ithi iplanethi enkulu niphihlizwe zibe izicucu. Isizathu salokhu kungaba igebe anguye futhi isenzo yangaphandle (isiteleka). Kakade ngekhulu le-19 kwaba sobala ukuthi uma kudala, futhi kwakungekho kule planethi esicabanga ukuthi kungaqhamuka, kwaba ngokuphongoza igesi imidondoshiya ezifana Neptune, Uranus, Saturn kanye Jupiter. Cishe, it fanele kuze amaplanethi eliwumhlaba kukhona esimisweni sonozungezilanga, okuhlanganisa Mars, Venus futhi Mercury.

Indlela ilinganisela ubukhulu nesisindo, Verrier ezihlongozwayo

phakathi nekhulu le-19, inani asteroyidi wathola zazisekhona encane. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ubheka ubungako bawo asikasethwa. Ngenxa yalokhu, kwakungenakwenzeka ukuba afeze ukuhlolwa ngokushesha ubukhulu nesisindo iplanethi yezinto. Nokho, Urbain Le Verrier, isazi sezinkanyezi isiFulentshi (isithombe sakhe kunikezwa ngenhla), wahlongoza ukuba kwakhiwe indlela entsha wezilinganiso, okuyinto ngempumelelo ezisetshenziswa ososayensi emkhathini kuze kube yilolu suku. Ukuze uqonde okushiwo le ndlela, kubalulekile ukuba digress. Sichaza indlela Neptune kwatholakala.

Ukutholakala Neptune

Lo mcimbi kwakuwukunqoba ezisetshenzisiwe ukuhlola umkhathi. Ukuba khona kwalesi iplanethi esimisweni sonozungezilanga kuqala kwakuthiwa "ibalwa" bese wathola Neptune esibhakabhakeni kuleyo ndawo, okuyinto kwakubikezelwe.

Kugcinwa Uranus, ezatholakala ngo-1781 kwabonakala ukunikeza ithuba ukudala itafula olunembile lapho amaplanethi azungeza isimo ezichazwe amaphuzu oyi-kunqunywa abacwaningi. Nokho, ukwenza lokhu akwenzekanga, ngoba Uranus emashumini eminyaka yokuqala yekhulu le-19. njalo egijima phambili, waqala ukuhambisana nezinhlinzeko okuye ibalwa ososayensi eminyakeni ezayo. Ukuhlaziya simo esishubile motion yayo nomjikelezo wawo, i-zezinkanyezi laphetha ngokuthi kumelwe kube kwenye iplanethi ngaye (ie Neptune), okuyinto sidilize kuye "astray" ngenxa amandla adonsela phansi yayo. I ngeziphambeko Uranus hlinzeka ibalwa edingekayo ukuze sinqume ukuthi uhlobo bale nhlangano ongabonakali, futhi uthole indawo yayo esibhakabhakeni.

isihloli French Urbain Le Verrier kanye usosayensi oyiNgisi Dzhon Adams wanquma ukuthatha kule nselelo. Bobabili wakwazi ukufeza mayelana imiphumela efanayo. Nokho, eyiNgisi babengenalo inhlanhla - izazi zezinkanyezi abazange balikholwe izibalo yakhe nokubona waqala. Okuningi isiphetho nonomusa Babekade Le Verrier. Ngokwezwi nezwi igama elithi ngosuku olulandelayo ngemva kokuthola incwadi evela izibalo Urbena Johann Galle, umcwaningi isiJalimane, atholakala indawo ezibikezelwe iplanethi entsha. Ngakho, "lapho ichopho esibayeni," njengoba besho ngokuvamile, September 23, 1846 i-Neptune kwatholakala. It yabukezwa umbono namaplanethi amaningi indlela yesimiso sonozungezilanga. Kwavela ukuthi babengakwazi 7, njengoba ababekucabanga, futhi 8.

Njengoba Verrier kunqunywa nenqwaba Phaeton

Urbain Le Verrier ukucacisa lokho isisindo kungumzimba yezinto yasezulwini, wathi Olbers ngaphezulu, usebenzisa indlela efanayo. Sisindvo zonke asteroyidi, kuhlanganise ukuvula ngesikhathi, kwakunokwenzeka ukuhlola, usebenzisa ukubaluleka izenzo ephazamisayo, obonisa motion Mars elisemkhathini ibhande. Kulokhu, yebo, isiqalo nesigcino uthuli cosmic kanye nezinto zasemkhathini, okuyizinto ibhande elisemkhathini, ngeke ibalwe. Kufanele sithathwe Mars kanye umthelela ibhande elikhulu elisemkhathini, Jupiter lalilincane kakhulu.

Verrier waqala ukuhlola Mars. Yena ihlaziye ngeziphambeko simbe nasemkhakheni ezinyakazayo we perihelion komzila wokuzungeza planethi. He bala ukuthi nenqwaba ibhande elisemkhathini kumele singeqi 0.1-0.25 mass eMhlabeni. Ukusebenzisa indlela efanayo, abanye abacwaningi baye bafinyelela imiphumela efanayo eminyakeni ezayo.

Ucwaningo we Phaeton ekhulwini lama-20

A esiteji entsha Phaeton lwaluqala nekhulu lama-20. Ngalesi sikhathi kwakukhona Imiphumela enemininingwane ekuhloleni izinhlobo ezahlukene emkhathini. Lokhu kwenza ukuba abazalwane ososayensi ukuthola ulwazi mayelana nokuthi isakhiwo, ingase ibe Phaeton iplanethi. Eqinisweni, uma sicabanga ukuthi ibhande elisemkhathini ungumthombo oyinhloko emkhathini ehlela phezu komhlaba, uzodinga ukwamukela ukuthi yezinto iplanethi igobolondo isakhiwo kwakufana nalokho kwadingeka amaplanethi eliwumhlaba.

Kukhona izinhlobo ezintathu ezivame kakhulu emkhathini - Insimbi-itshe netshe - ibonisa ukuthi umzimba Phaeton iqukethe isiphuku, uqweqwe nensimbi-nickel core. Emagobolondweni ezahlukene iplanethi, oqubuke kanye, emkhathini kwamiswa lezi izigaba ezintathu. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi achondrites, ngakho okusikhumbuza namaminerali uqweqwe, lingasuswa kwakhiwa ngenxa emagxolweni Phaeton. Kungenzeka Chondrites kwakhiwa kusuka kuye isiphuku sakhe sokuthunjwa engenhla. Iron emkhathini bese iphuma-nucleus yayo, futhi kusukela izingqimba engezansi isiphuku - itshe isitimela.

Ukwazi iphesenti amakilasi ezahlukene emkhathini kuwele surface yomhlaba ukuthi, singakwazi ukulinganisa ukushuba we cortex, usayizi nucleus, kanye nobukhulu jikelele iplanethi yezinto. Planet Phaeton, ngokuvumelana silinganiso, lalilincane. Abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingamashumi 3 km engaba. Lokho usayizi kwaba efana Mars.

Pulkovo izazi zezinkanyezi ngo-1975 wanyathelisa iphepha KN Savchenko (iminyaka yokuphila - 1910-1956). Wagomela ukuthi iplanethi Phaeton phezu mass Zomhlaba kungokwalabo iqembu. Ngokusho Savchenko kulinganiselwa ukuthi kwakuthandeka kule maqondana Mars. 3440 km kwaba engaba yayo.

Kule ndaba, kungekho ukuvumelana phakathi izazi zezinkanyezi. Abanye, isibonelo, cabanga ukuthi kuphela eliwumhlaba 0,001 mass kulinganiselwa engenhla mass lesibopho amaplanethi amancane, asteroyidi kuhlelwe ngendlela indandatho. Nakuba kusobala ukuthi ezigidigidini zeminyaka esidlulile kusukela lapho kubhujiswa lesi Phaeton, Sun, amaplanethi iziphuphutheki yabo bakhangwa isixuku imvuthuluka. izinsalela eziningi we Phaeton eminyakeni ziye zigaywa zibe uthuli cosmic.

Izibalo zibonisa ukuthi Jupiter giant has a resonant imiphumela okukhulu okudonsa, ngenxa okuyinto ngaphandle orbit ungase lingadilizelwa inani elikhulu asteroyidi. Ngokokunye ukulinganisela, ngokushesha nje lapho inani ndaba e inhlekelele kungaba izikhathi 10,000 mkhulu kunezinhliziyo namuhla. A ososayensi abaningi bayakholelwa ukuthi isisindo Phaeton ngesikhathi yokuqhuma kwebhomu kungenzeka kwedlule mass wanamuhla ibhande elisemkhathini e 3000 futhi.

Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lesi Phaeton kuyinto eziqhumayo inkanyezi owashiya kanye nesimiso sonozungezilanga, noma ngisho akhona namuhla futhi ligijima kwi-orbit side. Ngokwesibonelo, L. V Konstantinovskaya ukholelwa ukuthi inkathi revolution amaplanethi emhlabeni Sun - iminyaka 2800. Lesi sibalo at inhliziyo ikhalenda lamaMaya futhi ikhalenda wamaHindu. Umcwaningi uthe eminyakeni 2000 edlule, kuye kwabonakala ukuthi inkanyezi lapho kuzalwa uJesu, kungenzeka ukuthi ababhula ngezinkanyezi. Bayibiza ngokuthi inkanyezi yaseBhetlehema.

Isimiso nokuxhumana ubuncane

Michael Ouvend, isazi sezinkanyezi zaseCanada washayelwa umthetho ngo-1972, okuyinto njengoba isimiso nokuxhumana sakugcina ezaziwayo. Wasikisela, esekelwe lesi simiso, ukuthi phakathi Jupiter ne-Mars iminyaka eyizigidi ezingu-10 edlule, kube nephutha iplanethi ukuthi kwaba izikhathi ezingu-90 ngaphezulu omkhulu ukwedlula Earth. Nokho, ngezizathu ezingaziwa, lachithwa. Kulokhu, ingxenye enkulu lezinkanyezi ezinomsila kanye asteroyidi zagcina bakhangwa Jupiter. Phela, i-Saturn isisindo okwamanje kulinganiselwa imayelana 95 wt Earth. Abacwaningi abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi kule ndaba le Phaeton kusamelwe kakhulu kunabayeni Saturn.

Nokucabanga mayelana isisindo Phaeton, esekelwe nje okungaqondile teluhlolo

Ngakho, njengoba uke waphawula, kunokwehlukahluka okuncane kakhulu izilinganiso uquqaba, futhi kungakho Usayizi iplanethi, asukela Mars Saturn. Ngamanye amazwi, kuba mass 0,11-0,9 Zomhlaba. Lokhu kuyaqondakala, ngoba isayensi namanje akazi ngalokho kwaba kusukela esikhathini inhlekelele isikhathi. Ngaphandle kokwazi lapho iplanethi waphela, akunakwenzeka ukuba enze iziphetho ucishe olunembile ngesisindo sakhe.

Njengoba kuvamile, cishe lokhu okulandelayo: Iqiniso liwukuthi phakathi. Ubukhulu nesisindo Phaeton efile kungaba sokuboshwa isikhathi esilingana Ngokombono ongokwesayensi ubukhulu nesisindo Earth wethu. Abanye abacwaningi baveza ukuthi le Phaeton kwaba mayelana izikhathi 2-3 ezingaphezu kuka-index zokugcina. Lokhu kusho ukuthi kungaba idlule usayizi iplanethi yethu endaweni ethile izikhathi 1.5.

Rebuttal Olbers theory in the 60s yekhulu lama-20

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ososayensi abaningi kakade 60s kwekhulu lama-20 waqala ukuba ayiyeke le ezihlongozwayo Genrihom Olbersom theory. Bakholelwa ukuthi le nganekwane planethi Phaeton - hhayi ningi than Ukuqagela, okuyinto lula ukuphikisa. Namuhla, abacwaningi abaningi bathambekele bakholelwa ukuthi ngenxa ukusondela Jupiter, wayengenakukwazi avele phakathi umzila wenyanga Mars kanye Jupiter. Ngakho-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuba ukhulume iqiniso lokuthi lapho kwakukhona kubhujiswa lesi Phaeton iplanethi. "Lwegciwane" wakhe, ngokuvumelana lo mbono, ziye amuncwa Jupiter, ukwenza nabangane baso noma zilahliwe kwezinye izindawo yesimiso sethu sonozungezilanga. The main "Yini eyayibangele lokho" ukuthi wasenganekwaneni iplanethi zinyamalele Phaeton kwakungafanele athethwe, Ngakho-ke, i-Jupiter. Nokho, manje kuyaqashelwa ukuthi ngaphezu Kukhona nezinye izici lapho ekuqongeleleni iphasi azange kwenzeke.

Planet V

ethakazelisayo wenza kwezokuhlolwa kwezinkanyezi nesayensi baseMelika. Ngokusekelwe imiphumela eyatholakala nokusetshenziswa ukumodeliswa zezibalo, uJack Lissa Dzhon Chembers, ososayensi be-NASA baye basikisela ukuthi ibhande elisemkhathini phakathi Mars kanye 4 billion edlule, kube nephutha iplanethi nge-orbit oluyingozi kakhulu futhi ome njengeqanda. Baqamba igama lakhe ngokuthi ke "Planet V". ukhona Nokho, is hhayi ukuqinisekisile okwamanje, azikho ezinye yesimanje ukuhlola umkhathi. Ososayensi bakholelwa ukuthi iplanethi yesihlanu wafa, ehlela phezu kwelanga. Nokho, lo mbono manje akekho owabekwa ikwazi ukuqinisekisa. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ngokuvumelana ngale nguqulo yalolu hlelo iplanethi asisho abophe kumiswa ibhande elisemkhathini.

Lawa izinkolelo eziyisisekelo zezinkanyezi inkinga ka khona Phaeton. Ukucwaninga kososayensi amaplanethi yesimiso sonozungezilanga ziqhubeka. Kungenzeka, unikezwa impumelelo kwekhulu elidlule e ukuhlola umkhathi esikhathini esizayo esiseduze sizobe uthole ulwazi olusha ezithakazelisayo. Kwazi bani ukuthi amaplanethi amaningi ongayithola ...

Ekugcineni, xoxa legend elihle Phaeton.

Legend of Phaeton

Ngezinye Helios, nonkulunkulu welanga (ngenhla), kusukela Klimov, umama wakhe kwaba unkulunkulukazi ulwandle Thetis, indodana, okuthiwa Phaeton. Epaphus, indodana kaZeyusi eyisihlobo umlingiswa oyinhloko, kanye abe nokuzaza bonyana uyise Phaeton ngempela Helios. Wayethukuthele ngaye futhi Wabuza abazali bakhe ukufakazela ukuthi abe yindodana yakhe. Phaeton ayefuna ukuyiyekela ukukhwela inqola yayo yegolide abadumile. Helios wethuka kwaphela nasozwaneni, wathi ngisho Zeus omkhulu, abakwazi ukuba abuse it. Nokho, Shay waphikelela, futhi wavuma.

Indodana Helios wagxumela phezu inqola, kodwa asikwazanga ukuhlela amahhashi. Ekugcineni wakhulula izinso. Amahhashi Bebona inkululeko, yacabanga ngisho ngokushesha. Babe ishanelwe kakhulu eduze ngenhla Umhlaba ke enyukela kakhulu izinkanyezi. Umhlaba yalo ivuthe umlilo bavela inqola. lonke Killed izizwe, ukhuni evutha. Phaeton endaweni zomusi angazanga uyaphi. Saqala ngomisa ulwandle, kanti ukushisa baqala ukuhlupheka ngisho ulwandle unkulunkulu.

Khona-Gaia-Earth wababaza, waphendukela uZeyusi ukuthi maduze konke uyophinde abe nezinxushunxushu primordial, uma lokhu kuqhubeka. Wabuza bonke ukulondoloza ekubhujisweni. UZeyusi walalela isicelo sakhe, wakhomba isandla sakhe sokunene, wajikijela umbani futhi umlilo ngomlilo. Inqola Helios naye wafa. Bophelani amahhashi, futhi babutha izingcezwana eziyizinsalela yayo ehlakazekile yonkana isibhakabhaka. Helios usizi olukhulu ivale ubuso bakhe futhi azange avele usuku lonke yini ngesibhakabhaka esiluhlaza. Ground embozwe umlilo kuphela ngokumelene umlilo.