Izinhlobo ze-deformation

Ukuchithwa yi-displacement noma ukuphazamiseka kwezibopho phakathi kwama-athomu. Kubonakala sengathi amandla angaphandle angathonya indaba: izinga lokushisa, ukucindezelwa, umthwalo othize, insimu magnetic noma kagesi. Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zokuguquguquka ziyabuyiselwa futhi zingenakuguqulwa. Ukuguqulwa okuguquguqukayo, e-physics ebizwa ngokuthi i- deformation elastic, kusho ukuthi ukwehlukaniswa kwezibopho phakathi kwama-athomu akubalulekile futhi isakhiwo sobuqotho asiphuli. Izinto ezinayo le ndawo zibizwa ngokuthi zi-elastic. Ukuguqulwa okungaqondakaliyo kwe-physics kubizwa ngokuthi i- plastic deformation futhi kusho ukwephulwa okukhulu kwezibopho ema-athomu futhi, ngenxa yalokho, ubuqotho besakhiwo. Izinto ezinjalo zibizwa ngokuthi i-plastic.

Ukuphulwa kwesibopho se-athomu akuyona into embi ngaso sonke isikhathi. Isibonelo, ukumbumbuluza (ukungcolisa izidakamizwa) izingxenye kufanele zibe nesipulasitiki. Lokhu kudingekile ukuguqulwa komthelela wamandla kube amandla we-deformation. Kunezinhlobo ezilandelayo zokuguquguquka kwesibindi: ukugoba, ukwelula / ukwephula, ukuqhuma nokugqoka. Kuye ngokuthi isimo samandla esisebenza ngobuningi, kungase kube nokucindezeleka okuhambelana. Lezi zinkinga zibizwa ngokuthi uhlobo lwamandla. Isibonelo, ukucindezeleka kokucindezeleka, ukucindezeleka kokucindezeleka, ukucindezeleka, nokunye. Ekhuluma nge-deformation, ngokuvamile ngokuzenzakalelayo, ukuchithwa kwezinto ezinamandla kubonakala, ngoba Ukushintsha kwesakhiwo sabo kubonakala kakhulu.

Eqinisweni, zonke izinhlobo ze-deformation ziwumphumela wethonya lezingxabano ezenziwe yi-force. Ngendlela yayo ehlanzekile, ukuchithwa akuvamile. Njengomthetho, ukuguqulwa okuwumphumela kungumphumela wokucindezeleka okuhlukahlukene. Ngenxa yalokho, zonke ziholela ekuthuthukeni okuyisisekelo okuyisisekelo - ukwelula / ukukhipha nokuguqa.

Ukuguqulwa ngokomzimba kungumphumela oboniswa ngokulinganisela okulinganayo nokulinganisa. Ngokulinganayo, lesi senzakalo siboniswa ngenani lamanani. Ngokwemvelo - esimweni sokubonakaliswa (isiqondiso, izikhathi ezibucayi, ezifana nokubhujiswa, ukucindezeleka okugqamile ...). Ukuguqulwa okungenzeka kungakabalwa kubalwa ekubalweni kwamandla uma udala noma iyiphi idivayisi noma indlela.

Njengomthetho, imithwalo kanye nomphumela we-deformation kuboniswa ngesimo semidwebo yamagrafu - ukucindezeleka. Isakhiwo salesi grafu: uhlelo lokuklama nemithwalo esetshenzisiwe, izinhlobo zokucindezeleka kanye nezinhlobo zokuguquguquka. Ukusatshalaliswa kwemithwalo kunika ukuqonda uhlobo lomsebenzi wokusebenza kwedivayisi noma isici, ukuguquguquka. Imiphumela ye-deformation - ukwelula, ukucindezela, ukuguqa, ukudubula - kulinganiswa ngamayunithi webanga (mm, cm, m) noma isilinganiso se-angular (amadigri nama-radians). Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokubala ukucacisa ukuguqulwa kokugcina nokucindezeleka ukuze kugweme ukuhlukumezeka, ukukhishwa kwekhanda, ukuphuka nokunye okunye. Futhi, uhlobo lwama voltage nenani lamanani kubalulekile, ngoba Kukhona umqondo wokukhwabanisa ukuguquguquka.

Ukuguquka kokukhathala kuyinkqubo yokushintsha isimo ngenxa yemithwalo ende. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ziba nemiphumela emibi kakhulu ekubambeni okungavumelani (ukuhlukunyezwa okungapheli kwezibopho ze-interatomic). Lo mqondo ubizwa ngokuthi ukukhathala okwenziwe futhi ulawulwa yi-parameter enjalo (kusuka kumzimba womzimba wezinto), njengamandla okukhathala.

Ukuze ucabangele ithonya ukuthi izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-deformation zinokusebenza kanye nezinsiza, zenza ukuhlolwa okugcwele kwamasampula wezinto zokwakha. Kusukela kulokho okuhlangenwe nakho, zonke izici zamandla zento ngayinye zitholakala, okuba yizici zamathebula. Esikhathini sobuchwepheshe bekhompuyutha, lokhu kuhlaziywa kwenziwa kuma-PC anamandla. Kodwa konke okufanayo, izakhiwo zezinto eziphathekayo zingafundwa kuphela ekuhlolweni okulinganiselwe. Sekuvele ubeke zonke izici kanye nezakhiwo kumodeli wokuklama, oqinile uthola imodeli ecacile (ngezinye izikhathi emisebenzini yokusebenza) kuzo zonke izingcindezi nokukhubazeka.

Embonini yobunjiniyela, isibalo esinjalo sesivele sifakwe ezinhlelweni ze-3D-design. Yebo. Umklami wenza imodeli ye-3D yazo zonke izakhi, ngayinye eyancishiswa ibe imodeli ye-node. Ukusebenzisa imithwalo emininingwaneni ehlukile yohlelo, umklami uthola isithombe sokuziphendulela sokwemvelo yokucindezeleka nazo zonke izinhlobo zezinkinga.