Izinombolo zemvelo

Izinombolo zingumqondo ongaqondakali. Ziyisici esilinganiselwe sezinto futhi zikhona zangempela, ezinengqondo, ezimbi, ezigcwele futhi ezincane, futhi zendalo.

Uchungechunge lwezemvelo luvame ukusetshenziswa e-akhawuntini lapho kuvezwa khona inombolo. Ukukwazi ne-akhawunti kuqala ebuntwaneni bokuqala. Iyiphi ingane ebalekele izimangalo ezingenangqondo, iziphi izakhi ze-akhawunti yemvelo ezazisetshenziswa? "One, two, three, four, five ... A bunny waphuma ukuhamba!" Noma "1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, inkosi inqume ukungilenga ..."

Ngayiphi inamba yemvelo ingathola enye, enkulu kunayo. Lesi setha kuvame ukukhonjiswa ngencwadi N futhi kumele kuthathwe njengokungapheli ekuqondeni kokukhula. Kodwa ekuqaleni kwalesi setha - leyunithi. Nakuba kunezinombolo zemvelo zesiFulentshi, eziningi zazo ezibandakanya zero. Kodwa izici eziyinhloko ezihlukanisayo zamasethi womabili yiqiniso lokuthi azibandakanyi noma izinombolo ezincane noma ezimbi.

Isidingo sokuqalwa kabusha kwezihloko ezihlukahlukene kwavela ezikhathini zangaphambili. Khona-ke umqondo we "izinombolo zemvelo" wawusungulwa. Ukwakhiwa kwalo kwenzeka kuyo yonke inqubo yokushintsha umhlaba jikelele womuntu, ukuthuthukiswa kwesayensi nobuchwepheshe.

Noma kunjalo, abantu bokuqala babengakacabangi kahle. Kwakunzima ngabo ukuthi baqonde ukuthi ukufana komqondo "izizingeli ezintathu" noma "imithi emithathu". Ngakho-ke, uma ucacisa inombolo yabantu esetshenzisiwe eyodwa, futhi uma ucacisa inombolo efanayo yezinto zenye uhlobo - incazelo ehluke ngokuphelele.

Futhi uchungechunge lwamanani lwalufushane kakhulu. Kwakukhona kuphela izinombolo 1 no-2, futhi kwaphela nomqondo wokuthi "okuningi", "umhlambi", "isixuku", "inqwaba".

Kamuva, kwakhiwa i-akhawunti eqhubekayo, esivele ivulekile. Iqiniso elithakazelisayo ukuthi kunezinombolo ezimbili kuphela - 1 no-2, futhi izinombolo ezilandelayo zitholwa ngokungeza.

Isibonelo salokhu ulwazi olwenziwe kithi mayelana nochungechunge lwamanani wesizwe sase-Australia eMrray Murray. Ba-1 baveze igama elithi "Enza", futhi 2 - igama elithi "likhishwe". Inombolo 3 yayisizwakala njengokuthi "i-petted-Enza", futhi i-4 - isivele ibe "i-patted-pecked".

Iningi labantu libona izinga leminwe. Ukuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo komqondo ongaqondakali we "izinombolo zemvelo" kuhambisane nendlela yokusebenzisa amashidi entikeni. Kwabe sekukhona isidingo sokuqoka ezinye izimpawu eziyishumi nambili. Abantu basendulo indlela yethu yokuphuma - baqala ukusebenzisa elinye u-wand, lapho kwakhiwa khona ama-notches, okusho amashumi.

Amathuba ekukhiqizeni izinombolo akhulise kakhulu ngokufika kokubhala. Ekuqaleni, izinombolo zazifane nemigqa yamathebulethi ebumba noma i-papyrus, kodwa ezinye izithombe zasetshenziswa kancane kancane ukurekhoda izinamba ezinkulu. Ngakho kwakukhona izinombolo zamaRoma.

Ngokuphawulekayo kamuva kwavela izinombolo zesi-Arabhu, ezavula amathuba okubhala izinombolo ngeqoqo elincane labantu abalingiswa. Namuhla akulula ukubhala phansi izinombolo ezinjalo njengebanga phakathi kwamaplanethi nenani lezinkanyezi. Kuyadingeka ukuthi ufunde ukusebenzisa amadigri.

I-Euclid ekhulwini lesi-3 BC encwadini ethi "Beginnings" isungula ukungapheli kwesethi yamanani ezinombolo . Futhi i-Archimedes e-Psamyte yembula izimiso zokwakha amagama amanani amakhulu kakhulu. Cishe kuze kube phakathi kwekhulu le-19 leminyaka abantu abazange badinga ukucaciswa okucacile komqondo we "izinombolo zemvelo". Le ncazelo yayidingeka ngokufika kwendlela ye-axiomatic yezibalo.

Futhi ngekhulu le-19 leminyaka lekhulu le-19 iGeorge Cantor yakha incazelo ecacile yenombolo yemvelo ngokusekelwe kumbono wesethi. Futhi namuhla sesivele sazi ukuthi izinombolo zemvelo ziyizinombolo eziphelele, kusukela ku-1 kuya kokungapheli. Izingane ezincane, zenza isinyathelo sokuqala ekuzijwayeleni nendlovukazi yezo zonke isayensi - izibalo - ziqala ukutadisha lezi zinombolo.