Ipompo yegesi yokugaya iphampu: izidingo zokusebenza, izinhlobo zeziphambeko kanye nomgomo wokusebenza

Muva nje, abantu abaningi baye baqala ukusebenzisa imoto ye-diesel. Futhi ngenxa yalokho kunezizathu. Ngakho-ke, lokhu kuyizinga eliphezulu lokucindezela, ukusetshenziswa okuphansi kwephethiloli, ukudonsa okuhle kuma-revs aphansi. Enye yezingxenye eziyinhloko zesistimu ye-fuel diesel injini. Umklamo wayo uhlanganisa ipompo ye-plunger injection pump. Iyini le mininingwane futhi yenzani? Ake sikhulume ngalokhu esihlokweni sethu samanje.

Isici

Enhliziyweni yepompo ye-fuel pressure iyisigaba esikhethekile sepompo. Kuhlanganisa i-plunger (i-piston) ne-cylinder enesimo sebhasi elincane. Lezi zigaba ezimbili zenziwe ngama-high-power steels, ngoba isebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephezulu. I-plunger pair of pump injection yenza umsebenzi wokudala umshini wokushisa odingekayo ukuze uqhubekele phambili ekamelweni lokushisa. Qaphela ukuthi le ndlela inembile kakhulu. Isici esiyinhloko ukuthi ipulangwe ye-plunger ye-injection pump (i-Zexel equkethe) enezibalo eziqondile zephethiloli nokulawulwa kwengcindezi yayo.

Idivayisi

Lo mhlangano uqukethe ama-grooves amabili:

• Kuvunguza.
• Longitudinal.

Lezi zibili zihlanganisa imikhakha engu-4 namapulangwe angu-5. Esikhathini sokuqala kukhona iziteshi ezimbili - bypass futhi unikeze. Zombili zixhunyiwe komunye nomunye ekamelweni lokushisa. Ngaphezulu kwe-plunger pair ifanelwe nesakhi sokufika.

Ngenxa yokucaca okuphezulu kwe-cylinder yokwelashwa ngaphakathi, i-plunger steam yepompo yomjovo ingasebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi kuze kube ngu-200 MPa. Izimpawu zamapompo ezinjalo ngezinye izikhathi zidlulile ukusebenza kwamapompo evamile e-piston. Umthamo wephethiloli ubangelwa ukushaywa kwe-plunger. Ngakho-ke, inani lenhlanganisela liyakwazi ukuhluka ngohlangothi olukhulu noma oluphansi kuye ngokuthi imodi yokusebenza yenzani. Izimfuneko zomhlangano walezi zakhi ziphakeme kakhulu - isikhombimsebenzisi phakathi kwendawo yangaphakathi nangaphandle yesilinda akumele sidlule u-3 μm.

I-plunger pair of pump injection inesitimela kulezindlu. Iqhuba umkhakha wezintambo. Ngenxa yalokhu, i-bushing (cylinder) ngokwayo ilawulwa. Isitimela siyasuswa ngokulawula ukujikeleza kwe-crankshaft. Lokhu kufeza umthamo wesondlo se-cyclic ngaphandle kokushintsha ukushaywa kwe-plunger.

Isimiso sokusebenza

I-algorithm yesenzo sendlela isekelwe ukunyakaza okuphindaphindiwe kwezinxenye ezimbili eziyinhloko. Lena ipiston ye-cylindrical shape kanye ne-bushing. Ngesikhathi kuqhutshwa ukunyakaza, uphethiloli ususelwa empompo. Umjovo uqhutshwa ngezimbobo ezikhethekile kwi-bushing. Qaphela ukuthi umsebenzi oyinhloko wendlela, njenge-plunger, ukukhipha uphethiloli bese ukondla kuma-cylinders. Ngaphandle kwevolumu eliqondile, lokhu kuphethiloli kumele kuhlinzekwe kuma-cylinders kuphela ngomzuzwana othile. Ukuze uhlelo lusebenze kahle, izidingo eziphezulu zobuchwepheshe zenziwa kulezi zigaba ezimbili. Ngakho-ke, lapho iphompo yejoza isebenza, iziteshi eziphezulu zomshoshaphansi zihamba phakathi kwe-plunger kanye nelayini lombuso. Lokhu kufinyelela ekunciphiseni umshini wephethiloli, okudingekile ukuba uvale ngokushesha futhi ngokunembile izibhamu zomjovo. Ukusebenza kwalendlela kuvimbela ukubonakala kwamaconsi. Lapho ukushaywa kwejoza kwenzeka, i-cone ye-valve yokukhishwa ikhuphuka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uphethiloli ophezulu uhlinzekwa ku-nebulazer, odlula egumbini le-valve kanye nemigqa yamagesi. Uma uvula isiteshi sokukhipha, ingcindezi ekamelweni iyancipha. Intwasahlobo emishini yokucindezela i-valve i-plunger izindlu ezibhekene nesihlalo. Le nqubo ihamba ngokulandelana. Kwenzeka kuze kube mzuzu lapho i-plunger ingaqali kabusha isifo sayo sokusebenza.

Izidingo zokusebenza

I-plunger pair of pumpp injection pump iyindlela efuna ukunakwa okukhethekile ngesikhathi sokusebenza. Ikakhulukazi, liphathelene nekhwalithi yamafutha asetshenzisiwe. Uma usebenza ngombhangqwana we-plunger, kubalulekile ukukhipha ukutholakala kwamanzi nezinhlayiya zothuli phakathi kwamafutha. Kungani le ndlela inesidingo esiphakeme kangaka? Kulula kakhulu. Uma amanzi engena endaweni yokusebenza ye-plunger ne-bushing, ifilimu yokugcoba ilahlekelwa ubuqotho bayo. Ngenxa yalokho, amandla okubambisana wezinto ezimbili ayenyuka. Lokhu kuholela ekushiseni nokudonswa okulandelayo kwezingxenye. Ngokuqondene nezinhlayiya zothuli, zingabangela indlela yokugcoba yombili we-plunger. Ngempela, imvume yokusebenza phakathi kwe-cylinder kanye ne-piston yi-0.0018 millimeters. Kubalulekile ukuxilonga izingxenye ngesikhathi ukuvimbela ukwehluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi. Futhi phawula ukuthi i-plunger pair of pump injection 4d56 ihluka ngendlela eyinkimbinkimbi. Lokhu kubangelwa ukucaca okuphezulu kwezakhi zokukhiqiza.

Imininingwane yeziphambeko

Iphutha elivame ukubhujiswa kwe-plunger ku-cylinder. Indlela yokuxilonga indlela? Ukuze wenze lokhu, hlola ukushaywa kwe-plunger ngezikhundla ezihlukene uma ufaka le padi nge-angi-45 degrees. Ukutholakala kokubola kwesibhakabhaka kumsebenzi kuholela ekulahlekelweni kwe-tightness. Ukungasebenzi okunjalo kuqedwe ngokufaka kabusha indlela. Kwenziwa kanjani lokhu? Isihlahla kanye ne-plunger zixubaniswa ukuze zibe ngu-0.1 μm. I-taper evumelekile akumele idlule i-0.4 μm, futhi ukuvota akufanele kudlule u-0.2 μm. Khona-ke ipayipi le-plunger lepompo yokujova lihlukaniswe ngamaqembu asayizi ene-4 μm. Imininingwane ikhethwe yi-bushings ehambisanayo. Ngemuva kokuyeka umshini wageza kuphethiloli futhi uqoqwe emuva.

Isiphambeko esilandelayo siphuca noma sishaya emigodini. Kungenziwa ihambisane nezikhalo, ukufaka amagoli nokwandisa ububanzi bechweba lokungena. Kulesi simo, ukugqoka kwendawo yokusebenza yesikhumbuzo kubalwa. Hlola ukuvumelana nokuvota komgodi. Uma ipharamitha ingalungile, isici kumele sithathelwe indawo. Ukwehlisa noma ukusika kwensimbi kuyiziphambeko ezingenakulungiswa. Iphutha lepompi ye-plunger yepompo yokujola ibonakala kanjani? Lokhu kungenziwa ngokunciphisa amandla enjini nokusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi. Ukusebenza okungaguquguquki kwe-motor kuyabonakala futhi engenzi lutho.

Isiphetho

Ngakho, sithole ukuthi yikuphi umbhangqwana we-plunger. Lokhu kuyingxenye ebalulekile yamapompoji e-diesel, asebenza ngaphansi kwengcindezi ephakeme futhi amanani atshisa ngokuqondile. Izidingo eziyinhloko zokusebenza yizinhlayiya zekhwalithi. Ukusebenza kwe-plunger kuthinteka kabi ngamanzi kanye nocwangu, okusheshisa izinqubo zokubola futhi kuholele ekubukeni kwe-scuffing.