Isakhiwo yokwakheka ingquza womuntu

Ingquza - iyona ngxenye yokugcina emathunjini, lapho umzimba Ufaka sezinyawo (ie, izinsalela ukudla udoti).

Isakhiwo ingquza womuntu

Ingquza sphincters elinganiselwe okuyinto akhiwa imisipha. imisipha okunjalo izindandatho kudingeka ukulawula ukuvulwa kanye nokuvala ingquza. Emzimbeni womuntu, ezimbili sphincter anorectal:

• Inner ehlanganisa ukuqina kwemisipha abushelelezi ingemuva kanye awekho ngaphansi ukwazi. Ubude salo sivela nesigamu kuya ngamasentimitha emithathu nengxenye.
• Kwangaphandle ehlanganisa imisipha striated futhi ilawulwa ukwazi. ubude bayo kuhluka ngamasentimitha amabili nengxenye kuya kwamahlanu futhi.

It ugcina ingquza wekhasi bendunu okuyinto abukhali inguqulelo mucosa squamous ezazigudla distal anorectal umsele esikhumbeni ukumboza ukuxhuma. Isikhumba endaweni anal ngokuvamile phezu esikhunjeni (isb umbala mnyama) kanye esishwabene ngenxa yokuba khona we sphincter zangaphandle.

Ngo ebuntwaneni, le ingquza itholakala dorsally kunakubantu abadala, cishe amabili kwangu kusukela coccyx. I ububanzi we ingquza, kuyinto amasentimitha ngokuvamile kwemithathu kuya kweyisithupha, futhi ubude isiteshi zokhahlamba kusuka amasentimitha ezintathu kuya kweziyisihlanu. Ngaphezu sphincter, ku rectal lokuvala apharathasi kuhlanganisa izicubu ukuthi siphakamise ingquza futhi imisipha diaphragm okhalo.

Isakhiwo ingquza zingahlukaniswa izigaba ezintathu:

1. Lwamafinyila kulesi sigaba unikezwa emphethweni longitudinal, wathola crypts (sinuses anal), lapho izimbobo zitholakala nezindlala anal phakathi zazo.
2. Indawo eyayakha multilayer epithelium flat.
3. Lokhu multilayer camera ahlukaniswe keratinized epithelium squamous futhi unikezwa sebaceous eziningi nomjuluko nezindlala futhi izinwele.

I ingquza kanye ingemuva isungule inethiwekhi kwegazi, kanye eziningi kwalapho, okuvumela alibale isenzo sokuzikhulula ngamabomu, futhi ngokuvamile eyimbangela ukuqunjelwa neurogenic.

Ukuma kwendawo yendlela we ingquza

Izakhiwo ukuthi ngqo uxhumana umsele bendunu - a ampoule rectal futhi sigmoid ikholoni. Umsele anal Itholakala perineum. Phambi ingemuva kuyinto eseduze vesicles kwesidoda, vas deferens ampoules, esinyeni kanye indlala wesinye kwabesilisa. Abesifazane futhi zitholakala phambi emomozini bese isibeletho. Isiteshi evala ingquza. Ahambisana Naleli sphincter zangaphandle usebenzisa anococcygeal umsipha unamathele coccyx.

Endaweni ukuxhuma ngemuva ezinhlangothini le ingquza ahlelwe abhanqiwe imigodi ischiorectal kokuba simise nezibhebhe ayigcwalisa okunamafutha izicubu, okuyinto ihlolwe imizwa nemithambo yegazi. Encwadini frontal izimbobo Sectional babe ukuma onxantathu. Udonga lateral kwezindlu zangasese kwakhiwa obturator imisipha kanye tuberosity ischial (engaphakathi), medial - nangaphandle sphincter imisipha okuyinto kuphakamisa ingquza. Kususwa udonga lwangemuva emgodini kwakhiwa imisipha coccygeal kanye imishayo yalo ezingemuva ukuthi kuphakamisa ingquza kanye phambi - transverse imisipha isizalo. izicubu Adipose, esemgwaqweni ngalo ingaphakathi imigodi ischiorectal, wenza umsebenzi i isiguqo nokunwebeka ukubhekana nezimo ezinzima.

Isakhiwo ingquza zesifazane

Ngo umzimba female ngaphambili ingemuva eyakhelene sangasese kanye yokugcina ahlukaniswa ungqimba elincanyana Denovile-Salishcheva. Ngenxa izici ezifana isakhi ingquza kanye ingemuva kwabesifazane njengoba izinto ezithwala izifo futhi neoplastic kalula ukungena komunye umgodi kwenye, okuholela kwetinhlavu fistula rectovaginal ngenxa ezihlukahlukene ukulimala noma uyadabuka we perineum bokubeletha.

Isakhiwo ingquza e abesifazane kuholela ezakheke ngendlela imfundo flat noma kancane aphumele phambili. Bathi lokhu iqiniso lokuthi inqubo ukulethwa uphumule imisipha perineum futhi imisipha ukuthi siphakamise ingquza, bangalahlekelwa ukukwazi kwabo ukwenza inkontileka.

Izici ingquza e amadoda

Isakhiwo ingquza kwabesilisa umehluko othize. Abesilisa (kwemisipha ikakhulukazi) ingquza libukeka uphondo. Ngaphambili udonga umsele anal eyakhelene isibani we urethra futhi sokudlondlobala kwe-wendlala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukushuba we yangaphakathi amadoda sphincter kuka kwabesifazane.

Umsebenzi we ingquza kanye ingemuva

Ingemuva obhekene nokususa udoti izinto emzimbeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona kuvela ukumuncwa ketshezi. Ngakho, ngo-Ukususwa bese ucindezela indle libuyiselwa emzimbeni sibuyisela cishe ezine amalitha uketshezi ngosuku. Kanye uketshezi ukusivumela emuva microelements. ampoule Rectal kuyinto kwesigubhu ngoba indle, okuholela ekuqongeleleni ayehle kakhulu amandla emali amathumbu izindonga ukwakha ngiyibona nerve futhi njengoba phetho nesifiso sokufuna sokuzikhulula (sokuzikhulula).

Futhi manje imisebenzi ingquza. Ukuba zinamandla njalo, sphincters yayo nokulawula ukudedelwa indle (sokuzikhulula) bese kuthi amagesi uphume emathunjini (flatulentsiyu).

zokugula ingquza

• Izimila.
• Hemorrhoids.
• Ungenzenjani.
• Abahlukahlukene ukukhubazeka mucosa (izinhlumba, emifantwini anal, izilonda).
• izinqubo okuvuthayo (abscesses, ithumba, proctitis, fistulas).
• isimo azalwa naso (atresia anal).

spasm we sphincter

Ngokuhambisana nokwakheka ingquza zenzo ziwukubonakaliswa evamile pathologies yaleli pheshana emathunjini. Phakathi izimpawu ezivame kakhulu spasm we sphincter (kwangaphandle nangekhatsi), okuyinto ubuhlungu noma ukungaphatheki kule ingquza.

Izimbangela kulesi simo yilezi:

• nezinkinga zempilo yengqondo;
• ukuqunjelwa isikhathi eside;
• ukuvuvukala okungalapheki endaweni sphincter yangaphakathi noma yangaphandle;
• innervation ngokweqile.

Ngakho isikhathi ezishisa kakhulu zikhipha izinhlayiyana:

• spasm engapheli eyayiqhutshwa libhekene sebuhlungwini obunzima okungahambisani ahoxise ukuthatha analgesics ezivamile.
• zibe zesikhashana - okungazelelwe emfushane ubuhlungu obuhlabayo kule ingquza, asinikeze emalungeni okhalo noma tailbone.

Kuye imbangela spasm kungaba:

• oyinhloko (ngenxa yezinkinga zezinzwa);
• yesibili (ngenxa yezinkinga esiswini kakhulu).

Izenzo lokhu uphawu yilezi:

• ukubukeka ubuhlungu ngenxa ukucindezeleka;
• stoped ubuhlungu ngesikhathi sokuzikhulula noma usebenzisa amanzi afudumele;
• ubuhlungu olunamandla itholakala le ingquza azilethe coccyx, ukhalo (perineum) noma isisu.

Ukuxilongwa izinqubo sokugembula

• tomography ngekhompyutha kungathola polyp kanye nezinye kumiswa ongaphilile.
• A biopsy isetshenziswa ukunquma umdlavuza of isimila izinqubo.
• Anoscopy (rektomanoskopiya) isetshenziswa ukuhlola isimo lwamafinyila ingquza kanye ngokuthatha impahla biopsy.
• Anorectal manometry. Ngokuhambisana nokwakheka ingquza (bheka isithombe. Ngenhla) Kwenziwa uphethwe apharathasi kwemisipha (sphincter) ingquza. Esikhathini esiningi imisipha anal kuthiwa Ubuningi bamahora welulela ukulawula sokuzikhulula futhi flatulentsiey. Ukuze amaphesenti ithoni basal we anal ayisishiyagalombili nanhlanu wenziwa sphincter anal yangaphakathi. Uma kwenzeka yokuntula enganele noma kusebentisana emkhatsini imisipha floor kwezitho zangasese kanye sphincter anal eba diskheziya obubonisa nobunzima sokuzikhulula kanye ukuqunjelwa.
• luhlolo Rectal. Le ndlela wembula umbhunu, prolapse wamathumbu, kwesibeletho, hemorrhoids, fistulas, emifantwini nezinye izifo ingquza kanye ingemuva.
• US ingquza. Ngesisekelo lolu cwaningo kuthathwa khona izimila, ukucacisa indawo kanye nosayizi zabo, ukuthola hemorrhoids nokunye.

Ukungakhululeki esifundeni anorectal

Isakhiwo yokwakheka ingquza ukuthi isikhumba kule ndawo ebucayi ikakhulukazi, futhi emphethweni walo lapho-non-ukuhambisana inhlanzeko, ukuqunjelwa njalo noma yisisu kungaba ngendlu bacterium, okungaveza ukungakhululeki, ukucasuka, ukulunywa, iphunga ubuhlungu.

Ukuze wehlise lezi zimpawu kanye nokuvimbela yabo kufanele kube:

• Geza ingquza kanye isikhumba bazungeza ngamanzi ngaphandle insipho (okokugcina kungaba Ewufrathe isikhumba, ngenxa yalokho, kuholele ubuhlungu nakakhulu). Kuyadingeka ukuba makudle fafaza "Kavilon" noma utshwala usula khulula (njengoba iphepha yangasese obulimaza isikhumba).
• Isikhumba endaweni anal kumele kube yomile.
• Kuyadingeka ukuhlinzeka yisithiyo umswakama Ukungena. Ngokwesibonelo, Kunconywa ukusebenzisa ukhilimu "Dimethicone" kudala ifilimu zokuzivikela esikhumbeni emhlabeni ingquza.
• Ukusetshenziswa izimpushana eyenza imithi (isib talc noma ngesitashi). Kufanele zisetshenziswe pre-ukugeza isikhumba omisiwe.
• Ukusetshenziswa nelineni alahlwayo noma pads umswakama-ethakazelisayo.
• Ukusetshenziswa "esiwuhogelayo" zangaphansi futhi izingubo ngezinto zemvelo cut khulula ukuthi akukhawuleli ukunyakaza.
• Endabeni incontinence fecal, ngokushesha nje udinga esikhundleni zangaphansi.

ukwelashwa

Ukuqokwa yokwelapha ethile kuncike uhlobo lesi sifo. Lapho spasm we sphincter ngaphezu kwakho konke nazizathu oholele kubo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, laxatives babelwa, elwa namagciwane, imithi ebulala izinzwa kanye spasmolytics ngesimo yokugcoba / suppositories, kanye ukwelashwa ngokomzimba, ugesi, izicelo, massage, enema micro. Nge ukwehluleka ukwelashwa ngoludala Kwenziwa imisebenzi kuhlinzwa.

ukwelashwa hemorrhoid Kwenziwa usebenzisa amakhandlela akhethekile yokugcoba, kanye nezindlela zokuhlinza. iziyaluyalu azalwa naso (atresia we ingquza) abadinga ahlinzwe ngokushesha. Izimila ingquza selashwe inhlanganisela ngemisebe nangamakhemikhali, kanye nokususwa kuhlinzwa izimila. Uqhekeko kule ingquza endaweni esilaphekayo kahle zokugeza ekhethekile, Ukudla, ephulukisa amakhandlela okhilimu, kanye surgically. Ungenzenjani futhi prolapse rectal ukuqeda izindlela kuhlinzwa.