Isenzo Legal deku umthetho Russian Federation

Bekanye nakweminye imibhalo yemithetho, inkambiso kanye sandulela yesenzo zomthetho kuyothathwa ngokuthi izithelo kuqhathaniswa ngasekupheleni yokuba umthetho njengoba isikhungo elikhethiwe nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana. Namuhla, kuba ezibaluleke kakhudlwana ngisho emazweni lapho isisekelo kweluhlelo lwahulumende ngalokuyimphumelelo ezingaphezu kweyodwa leminyaka zezinkolelo zenkolo. Ezweni lethu zokulawula isenzo zomthetho nenohlonze ukudlala isikhathi eside. Imithetho nezimiso kamongameli, izincwadi zokuphatha kwegatsha esiphethe uhulumeni kuyisisekelo sesihlalo umthetho futhi umthetho izinqumo kuzo zonke izinhlaka zomphakathi ubudlelwano.

Indima imithetho neziqondiso njengoba imithombo zomthetho

Umlando uyakhumbula izinhlobo eziningana zomthetho ezisetshenziswa ngqo endaweni isimo yesimanje Russian: kuba isivumelwano yokuzithandela, ngqo idokhumenti yezomthetho, futhi inkambiso. Ngamunye wabo inenani ezahlukene, inkambu ahlukene kwesicelo. wokuqulwa kwamacala ezinkantolo zasekhaya awukaze laba umthombo ngqo isicelo izinqumo odlule ezimeni sandulela.

Nakuba imithetho kukhona ifomu ejwayelekile kakhulu umthetho isiRashiya, ikhono lokwenza imithetho benawo izakhiwo isimo ephakeme. Ezweni lethu ukwenza imisebenzi umthetho wokwenza wavumela ezimele futhi ngqongqotshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-ejensi ngalinye esimweni abanekhono ukukhipha izenzo normative at ezehlukile nezindaba t. E. Ngaphansi komthetho.

Ekhuluma izenzo zomthetho deku umthetho, okokuqala kufanele banqume ukuthi izici izenzo zabo. Njengoba engena amandla ngokomthetho kuze kube yilapho elahlekile, asesikhundleni endaweni evinjelwe. Ngemva isimemezelo (encwadini) yimibandela efanele yezomthetho kuze kube yilesi sikhathi, kuze idokhumenti, khansela, okwesikhashana ukusebenza noma ukuvumela ukuba wenze izinguquko ezithile ukuba itholwe.

Yiziphi izenzo zomthetho nezokulawula ku Russian Federation?

isenzo Legal deku umthetho Russian kungenziwa labizwa ngezindlela eziningana. Uma imiyalo yakhe kukhona iqembu ahlukene abantu, kuba ukwamukelwa ishiwoyo izixazululo ekhethekile. Imibhalo ukuthi akudingeki iziyalezo eziqondile ziyabophelela kuzo zonke izakhamuzi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinqumo ka ejensi wombuso angase abe ukubaluleka zesifunda noma sikahulumeni. Esimisweni ephethwe yisigungu sesonto, ngamunye idokhumenti wathola ezingeni wombuso has ezingeni lalo, kuncike amandla ngokomthetho. Evamile, zingasatshalaliswa ngendlela elandelayo:

• UMthethosisekelo Russian Federation;
• imithetho kahulumeni, kuhlanganise isimo zomthethosisekelo;
• izimiso kamongameli.

Phakathi izenzo zomthetho eziphathelene imithombo umthetho eRussia, kuyafaneleka imibhalo nezokuphatha Uhulumeni, izinqumo neminyango emaphakathi kanye nezinsizakalo ze-zezinkonzo futhi ungaphansi isimo zifuna ukwandisa amanxusa azo. Ngu iqembu ahlukene kuhlanganisa izivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe, izivumelwano kanye izinqumo samukelwa ngokomthetho WaseRussia, kanye imibhalo ezamukelwe ngu iziphathimandla yezihloko ngabanye. Izimiso ezinjalo njengoba yemithetho iyosebenza kuphela esifundeni, okuyinto sivunyiwe isinqumo.

UMthethosisekelo - isisekelo isimiso somthetho sangaleso isimo

Phezulu uhlelo RF uMthethosisekelo - umthetho eziyisisekelo singasebenzi nganoma wonke amaphuzu isimo. Ukubusa kwakhe alichaza lezi zinto ezilandelayo:

• Okokuqala, umthethosisekelo - kuwumphumela yokuzikhethela futhi wentando yeningi labantu abahlala unaphakade ensimini ka WaseRussia.
• Okwesibili, umthetho umisa nohlaka kumiswa apharathasi lomqondo, izimiso komphakathi.
• Okwesithathu, uMthethosisekelo ichaza futhi iqinisekisa ukuvikelwa kwamalungelo wobuntu civil, sisungula imingcele ekhono ngamunye isici umuntu ohlelweni isimo ephakeme.

Ukuchibiyela uMthethosisekelo Russian Federation kanye nezinye umthombo kwezomthetho komthetho, okuyinto sibalulekile kancane zomthetho, akulula. inqubo ekwakhiweni kwemithetho izitshela ukuthi eziningi izimo, kanye nombhalo idokhumenti iqukethe ezingaphezu kuka-130 ama-athikili, imithetho esebenza zonke umkhakha wezomthetho.

Kushaywa kwemtsetfo izishaya-mthetho abenza imithetho eRussia?

State Duma - umzimba ophakeme icala umsebenzi izenzo zomthetho. Ngemva kokufunda yonke idokhumenti umthethosivivinywa sithunyelwa ukuze sibuyekezwe futhi edingidwayo nguMkhandlu Federation Council. Nge ivoti omuhle umsebenzi inombolo ekhethekile labahlanganyeli umhlangano we amalungu Imininingwane weNdlu umthethosivivinywa uphasile. Indima uMongameli Russian Federation ngalesi sigaba sibizwa, eqinisweni, ngokomthetho, for yokufuna isenzo zomthetho njengoba umthombo oyinhloko amandla wezomthetho umthetho kuyadingeka ke kufanele asayine futhi limise ke. Nokho, uma kunesidingo, inhloko yezwe ungabuyela idokhumenti emuva zokubuyekeza.

Uma unanoma yimiphi imithetho, kuhlanganise federal kanye nezomthetho, emphakathini uphoqelekile kuzo shicilelo. Solutions abadlule zonke izinqubo ezidingekayo futhi kuthathwe ezingeni eliphakeme kunawo, uhlobo kumagama "we Russian Federation Umhlangano" noma "Rossiyskaya Gazeta". Ngokwe-oda ngokomthethosisekelo, izikhonzi Russian Federation ngokuzimela ukwakha ngohlaka lomthetho elawula ubuhlobo kuzo zonke izici zokuphila yomphakathi esifundeni.

izinqumo kaMongameli kanye zikahulumeni

Isinqumo iNhloko Russian Federation cishe ziyingxenye imithetho kahulumeni ichaze lo mshini ukuqaphela kanye nokuvikelwa kwamalungelo esintu kanye nenkululeko kanye nezithakazelo izakhamuzi. Ikhishwe nguMengameli iziqondiso ezweni ohlelweni yemithetho compulsorily iphoqelelwe kulo lonke leli zwe. Ngokuvamile kuncike kumthethonqubo kukhona nezindaba inqubomgomo yangaphakathi kanye inter-state of Russia.

Njengoba sazi ukuthi ejensi kahulumeni baphathiswa umsebenzi amandla esiphezulu ku isimo, lezi zakhiwo abakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi ngaphandle ukuqaliswa umsebenzi zomthetho. Ngokwesibonelo, uhulumeni waseRussia wakhipha isimemezelo afaneleko ukwenza imisebenzi ngokulandelana samanje, futhi izinqumo ezithathwe ngazo normative ngokwemvelo futhi ube zibaluleke kakhulu manje.

Izici futhi umehluko oyinhloko phakathi imithetho nenkambiso kwezomthetho

Uyini umehluko phakathi kwezinye izinhlobo yemithetho ngezenzo zomthetho normative? Umehluko lo:

• Imithetho namadokhumenti yokutholwa ezingeni eliphakeme kunawo zezombusazwe, isidingo kuhlanganiswe ukuhambisana noMthethosisekelo, futhi ngenxa yalokho awaphikisani ke.
• Ngokungafani okwezifiso sandulela iziqondiso awashintsheki ngokucacile, imithombo ebhalwe phansi.
• imithetho Ngokomthetho express inkambiso noma sandulela akunakwenzeka, ngoba lokhu samuntu Uthola luyingxenye casuistic lingaqinisekile.

Ngakho, imithetho njengoba imithombo enkulu umthetho angasuselwa isikhungo esisodwa zokulawula, okuvumela ukuba uwasebenzise ngenhloso yentuthuko yezenhlalakahle luhamba luye ohlangothini olulodwa, umgudu owodwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imithetho kanye imibhalo esikhishwe ejensi wombuso abaphathi abaphezulu kukhona indlela ebalulekile wokusungula umthetho. Definition of amazinga ezakha imibhalo ngokwezinga elikhulu isithiyo ekuhlukanisweni inqubo nokwehlisa izimiso ezifanele umthetho.

Kungani nje uma eqhathaniswa naso umthetho zokulawula wesiko kunamandla okukhulu kwezomthetho?

On zokulawula isenzo omthetho njengabathengi umthombo umthetho Russian Federation futhi okufanele ukusho lokhu. Njengoba umqulu osemthethweni ebhaliwe esikhishwa iziphathimandla abanekhono yomthetho sisungula, ukulungisa kanye usula umthetho okhona. Ngakho kulula ukuphetha ngokuthi yimuphi umthetho noma umthethonqubo dokhumenti isenzo kwemtsetfo, kanye injongo yayo iwukuhlola ukusetshenziswa kabanzi esingenamkhawulo ukuthi amacala. Ngokuqhubekayo wenza izenzo kamongameli zikahulumeni ebaluleke ukwanele ukungena amandla kuzo zonke izifunda wezwe.

Imithetho namadokhumenti kunezimo eziningi maqondana zonke izinhlobo yemithetho. izenzo normative-zomthetho:

• abalulekile kwakuwukuthi nokuxhumana amathuba kulabo noma ezinye imithetho, iziqondiso kanye nemiyalelo;
• bekwazi kuze esungulwe nezindinganiso ezithile isikhathi njengoba ehlonipha imithetho eyisisekelo isethulo;
• Ziyakwazi ithuluzi esilungele ekuxazululeni amacala - ba kulula ukuthi abuyisele, ufune ukuhlonishwa ngenkani amalungelo noma imisebenzi.

Indaba umthetho njengoba umthombo oyinhloko umthetho

Njengoba sekushiwo, isenzo zomthetho ungumthombo umthetho, bangazihluphi ngokuthola isikhundla elibusa leli siko futhi sandulela. Inguquko ukuba isiqondiso ohambelana ubudlelwane emehlweni social kancane kancane. Indaba okuthakazelisa kakhulu "ukuqaliswa" wezenzo zomthetho imithombo zomthetho: imibhalo ekuqaleni lalisetshenziselwa kuphela ezindaweni eziningi ezihlobene ngokuqondile ukuqaliswa uhulumeni. Ubuhlobo zezomthetho sangasese, okungesona impahla wahlala isikhathi eside ngaphansi kokulawula ngokwezifiso kanye sandulela ka nezinqumo zokwahlulela.

Nge kwesikhathi ikhuphuke kakhulu njengoba umthelela imithetho imithombo ebhalwe phansi. izenzo zomthetho normative komthetho wezabasebenzi, kuhlanganise Labor Ikhodi, komthetho we-civil (Civil Code, Ikhodi Ezezindlu, RF IC) asetshenziswa emasimini ehlukene nobudlelwano zomphakathi. imithetho eyabekwa namadokhumenti iziqondiso eside kusukela kwadlulela ukulawulwa zomthetho ejwayelekile.

Njengoba isibonelo ecacile siphumelelisa loku Civil Code of the Russian Federation - yisenzo eyinhloko ihlanganise imithetho yangasese kanye namanye amalungelo, kuhlanganise neziqondiso ibhizinisi. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi idokhumenti kungokwalabo legatsha ubudlelwane komthetho we-civil, isetshenziswa, uma kunesidingo, igunya nezenzo emkhakheni kwezomnotho.

Okunhlobonhlobo imithetho kahulumeni: uyini umehluko?

Kuvele isici esithakazelisayo izenzo normative-zomthetho esikhishwe izishayamthetho isiRashiya, kuyinto division yabo ngokomthethosisekelo yombuso kanye sikahulumeni. Lesi sakamuva, yebo, anencazelo okukhulu kwezomthetho ngoba izimboni ngokomthetho ngosizo kwabo nobudlelwano zomphakathi. Kuye ngezinga of isenzo, futhi insimu lapho imiculu lenjalo, zingase zihlukaniswe zibe:

• iziqondiso eyodwa isiqondiso - yokutholwa ngumasipala noma uhulumeni ejensi;
• imithetho yangakini - yokutholwa ezingeni lendawo ukubhekana nezinselelo zamanje esifundeni.

Iziphathimandla futhi lendawo ukuzibusa udaba imithetho kahulumeni, amagugu republic. Ezinye amaphepha kuphela ezizimele izifunda, ezindaweni, izindawo ehlukile. Ukuze kuhlelwe umsebenzi sphere ezithile ubudlelwane zomthetho eMoscow Petersburg - idolobha isimo ekhethekile, iziphathimandla ukuthatha iziqondiso eziqondile. Nale ngezigaba ehluleka ukwaba zamakhono endabeni ukulawulwa ubudlelwane phakathi zikahulumeni ngabanye.

It uba umthombo okuyisibonelo kohlelo lomthetho

Njengoba umthombo amalungelo isenzo zomthetho yisona esikhulunywa abantu abaningi futhi ngempumelelo njengoba kuhlosiwe lokulawula imithetho yokuziphatha ukusungula amalungelo nemisebenzi njengoba amalungu izifundo yase-Russian Federation, kanye abayizakhamuzi ezejwayelekile. Imithetho, izimiso, imitheshwana kanye oda zihlanganisa amalungiselelo eziyisisekelo ukuthi ichaze kwakuwukuthi izinto ukuthatha ngokwabo isenzo idokhumenti ethize. Ngaphezu kwalokho, noma yiziphi izenzo zomthetho oshiwo ngenhla kulotshiwe, futhi ngaleyo ndlela yibhange kanye oyisibopho ukuhambisana nayo yonke labo ukhathazekile. Noma iyiphi idokhumenti esetshenziswa emkhakheni wesi of ubudlelwano, iqukethe imithetho olujwayelekile, usungula, uchibiyela noma uchitha amalungiselelo athile angokomthetho.

Eqinisweni, umehluko oyinhloko phakathi izenzo normative futhi esemthethweni nezinye izakhi kohlelo ungumthombo isicelo yayo okuphindaphindiwe. iziqondiso ngamunye noma athathwe nge umphakathi iziphathimandla izixazululo elixutshwe imvelo zenzeka umkhuba okungenani, kodwa ngokuvamile azisebenzi ngaphezu kwesikhathi esisodwa.

Uhlelo zokulawula lwazo zonke izinto in close contact, ube amandla zomthetho, futhi amanye awo ilawulwe nomunye. Ukubaluleka indima idokhumenti kuchazwe impahla idokhumenti uqobo. ubuqiniso Legal ngesinqumo kuncike ngokuyinhloko sekhono zomzimba ezingathi bakwamukela. isenzo Legal - isici esibophezelayo phakathi ilungelo futhi isimo ukuthi mediates ubudlelwano elibanzi ekhona emphakathini.