Isibonelo imodeli zezibalo. Incazelo, ngezigaba kanye nezici

Esihlokweni okuphakanyiswe ukunakwa kwakho sinikeza izibonelo onobuhle zezibalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, thina sinake izinyathelo yokudala onobuhle futhi sixoxe ngezinye zezinselele elihlobene ne ukumodeliswa zezibalo.

Omunye umbuzo wethu - umfuziselo zezibalo komnotho, izibonelo, kwencazelo esizokucabangela kamuva. Qala ingxoxo sinikeza ne kakhulu nomqondo "isibonelo," ngokwezwi, halamuzi ngezigaba zabo bese sidlulela nezindaba yethu eyinhloko.

Umqondo "isibonelo," ngokwezwi

Sivame ukuzwa igama elithi "isibonelo," ngokwezwi. Kuyini lokhu? Leli gama has izincazelo eziningi, ezintathu kuphela kwezine evela kuzo:

• into ethize ukuthi is wadala ukuthola nokugcina ulwazi eveza ezinye izindawo noma izici nokunye into yokuqala (into ethize ungaboniswa izinhlobo ezihlukene: incazelo engokwengqondo usebenzisa izinhlamvu nokunye);
• namanje ngaphansi imodeli ibeke ukukwazi yimuphi nezimo ezithile ekuphileni noma ukuphathwa;
• imodeli zingakhiqiza ikhophi elincane into (ziyadalwa ukuze uthole isifundo enemininingwane ukuhlaziywa, njengesibonelo ibonisa isakhiwo nobudlelwano).

Kususelwa konke okuye kwashiwo ngaphambilini, kungenzeka ukwenza isiphetho ezincane: imodeli kusivumela ngempela ukukufunda ngokuningiliziwe kwakha isimiso esiyinkimbinkimbi noma into.

Zonke onobuhle kungenziwa labizwa ngezizathu eziningana:

• enkundleni yokusetshenziswa (ukuqeqeshwa, ongumakadebona, isayensi nobuchwepheshe, imidlalo, ukumbumbuluzwa);
• ku Dynamics (static futhi ashukumisayo);
• umkhakha ulwazi (ephathelene nomzimba namakhemikhali awo, njengomumo womhlaba, zomlando, lwezenhlalo, kwezomnotho, izibalo);
• indlela ukumelwa (futhi ukwaziswa).

onobuhle Imininingwane yena, zihlukaniswe lwamazwi ongokomfanekiso. Uphawu - i-computer-non-computer. Manje phenya ukwaziswa okuningiliziwe izibonelo onobuhle zezibalo.

imodeli zezibalo

Akunzima ukuqagela imodeli zezibalo ibonisa izici banoma iyiphi into noma mkhuba esebenzisa nezimpawu ezikhethekile zezibalo. Mathematics kanye kudingeka balingise amaphethini zomhlaba ngolimi lwakho ethize.

zezibalo ukumodeliswa indlela Kuvezwe isikhathi eside, ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka edlule, leholele kwesayensi. Nokho, umfutho sokuthuthukiswa le ndlela ka ukumodeliswa wanika ukubukeka ikhompyutha (amakhompyutha electronic).

Manje phenya ngezigaba. Iphinde kungenziwa ezicini ezithile. Tiniketwe eSitatimendeni ethebuleni elingezansi.

Ukwahlukanisa by mkhakha wesayensi	Ukusetshenziswa onobuhle zezibalo kuyi-physics, kwabantu, amakhemikhali nokusebenzelana kwawo, njll
Ngokwe-apharathasi zezibalo, okuyinto esetshenziswa inqubo Sokuzenzela	Amamodeli okusekelwe umehluko zibalo, ngokuqhubekayo manipulations algebraic, njll
Ngezinhloso ukumodeliswa	Ngokwalesi simiso, ukwaba achazayo, nokwenza, multi-criteria, imidlalo kanye sekulingisa onobuhle

Siphakamisa ukuba ume bese cabanga kabanzi ngezigaba yamuva, ngoba ubonakalisa kwemithetho jikelele models sekulingisa kanye nezinhloso esungulwe.

onobuhle okuchazayo

Kulesi sahluko, siphakamisa ukuba zihlale onobuhle achazayo zezibalo. Ukuze wenze konke isibonelo esicacile uzonikezwa.

Ake uqale nge yokuthi lolu hlobo kungenziwa ngokuthi achazayo. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi thina nje ukwenza izibalo kanye izibikezelo, kodwa asikwazi nomthelela imiphumela yezenzakalo.

Isibonelo esimangalisayo achazayo imodeli zezibalo ukubala indlela indiza, isivinini, ibanga kusuka Umhlaba lezinkanyezi ezinomsila, okuyinto yahlasela ku nobukhulu yesimiso sethu sonozungezilanga. Le modeli kuyinto echazayo, njengoba bonke Imiphumela kungenziwa kuphela iyasixwayisa ingozi. Lithonya umphumela umcimbi, maye, thina asikwazi. Nokho, ngokusekelwe lezi izibalo, kungenzeka ukuthi kube khona izinyathelo ukulondoloza ukuphila eMhlabeni.

nokwenza onobuhle

Manje sinawo inkulumo okuncane mayelana amamodeli kwezomnotho kanye zezibalo, izibonelo zalo zihlukile isimo. Kulokhu sikhuluma onobuhle ezisiza ukuba sithole impendulo efanele ezimweni ezithile. Bayoba ezinye izinketho. Ukuze ngikwenze kucace kakhulu, cabangela isibonelo kusukela ingxenye wezolimo.

Sine yayithola okusanhlamvu okuningi, kodwa sommbila okonakalayo kakhulu. Kulokhu, sidinga ukuba ukhethe izinga lokushisa kwesokudla kanye nokwandisa inqubo isitoreji.

Ngakho, nathi singakwethemba ichaze welithi "imodeli nokwenza." Ngamagama zezibalo, lesi simiso zibalo (kokubili komugqa hhayi), ikhambi of esiza ukuthola isixazululo elilungile kwenziwe esimweni esithile kwezomnotho. Isibonelo imodeli zezibalo (nokwenza), sabuka, kodwa ngifuna wengeze: Lolu hlobo utfolakala kuluhlobo zezinkinga extremal, zisiza ukuchaza ukusebenza ohlelweni kwezomnotho.

Phawula into eyodwa ngaphezulu: imodeli kungaba ezinhlobo ezahlukene (bheka ithebula ngezansi.).

determinate	Kulokhu, umphumela incike idatha okokufaka
stochastic	Incazelo izinqubo okungahleliwe. Kulokhu umphumela akwaziwa

multi-criteria imodeli

Manje thina ukukunikeza ukukhuluma kancane mayelana imodeli zezibalo multi-criteria nokwenza. Ngaphambi kwalokhu, sikunikeze isibonelo imodeli zezibalo yenqubo nokwenza noma yimuphi umbandela olulodwa, kodwa kuthiwani uma kuvela okuningi kubo?

Isibonelo esimangalisayo inkinga multicriterial kuyinto inhlangano efanele, ewusizo futhi ukonga ngesikhathi esifanayo amandla namaqembu amakhulu wabantu. Nge ngokuvamile izinkinga ezinjalo zitholakala impi, canteens esikoleni, ehlobo amakamu, izibhedlela njalo njalo.

Yini akunqonyiwe esiwuphiwe kule nkinga?

1. Ukudla kumele abe wusizo.
2. ku izindleko zokudla kufanele kube omncane.

Njengoba ubona, le migomo musa luqondane. Ngakho, ukuxazulula inkinga kubalulekile ukubheka ikhambi elilungile, ibhalansi phakathi nenqubo ezimbili.

game onobuhle

Ekhuluma umdlalo onobuhle, kudingeka baqonde umqondo "umhlinzeki womhlalo." Kalula nje, imodeli idatha ukumela onobuhle zezibalo zalezi zimpi. Kuphela kudingeka ukuba uqonde ukuthi, ngokungafani imodeli ukungqubuzana real-IiMbalo inezidingo imithetho yayo eqondile.

Ubani uzonikezwa ubuncane ulwazi kusuka imfundiso yokuziphendukela imidlalo eyokusiza uqonde ukuthi imodeli umdlalo. Futhi kunjalo, imodeli zihlale ohlangothini samanje (ezimbili noma ngaphezulu), ngokuvamile ebizwa ngokuthi abadlali.

Zonke onobuhle anezici ezithile.

izikhonzi	Inombolo yabadlali
isu	Izinketho ngezenzo kungenzeka
yokukhokha	Eksodusi ingxabano (ukuwina noma ukulahlekelwa).

Game Model kungenziwa abhanqiwe noma amaningi. Uma sinalo izifundo ezimbili, iNdoda ingxabano, uma ngaphezulu - Multiple. Ungase futhi ukhetha umdlalo abasiphikisayo, ibizwa ngokuthi umdlalo zero isamba. Le modeli, lapho inzuzo omunye wabahlanganyeli ilingana ekulahlekelweni omunye.

sekulingisa onobuhle

Kule ngxenye, sigxila sekulingisa onobuhle zezibalo. Izibonelo imisebenzi zihlanganisa:

• imodeli we Dynamics microorganism;
• imodeli yezinhlayiya, nokunye.

Kulokhu sikhuluma amamodeli ukuthi kukhona eduze izinqubo zangempela. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, baze ukulingisela noma yimuphi nesenzakalo ngokwemvelo. Esimweni sokuqala, isibonelo, singakwazi belingisa Dynamics inani izintuthwane, ikoloni efanayo. Kungenzeka ukuba bagcine isiphetho ngamunye. Kulokhu, incazelo zezibalo esetshenziswa akuvamile, kunemibandela ngokuvamile ebhaliwe:

• Ngemva kwezinsuku ezinhlanu lo Insikazi ibekela amaqanda ayo;
• izinsuku ezingamashumi amabili intuthwane efa, nokunye.

Ngakho, amamodeli sekulingisa asetshenziswa ukuchaza uhlelo enkulu. isiphetho Mathematical - processing idatha kwezibalo.

izidingo

Kubalulekile ukwazi ukuthi lolu hlobo imodeli ukuphoqelela nezimfuneko ezithile, phakathi kwawo - ahlelwe ethebuleni elingezansi.

yizinhlobonhlobo	Lesi sici ikuvumela ukuthi usebenzise uhlobo olufanayo lapho echaza uhlobo olufanayo amaqembu into. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi onobuhle jikelele zezibalo musa kuxhomeke engokoqobo into yokuhlola
nokwanela	Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi impahla ikhulisa kahle ukukhiqiza kabusha izinqubo langempela. Ngo izinkinga wokusebenza kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba impahla ukumodeliswa zezibalo. Isibonelo imodeli kungaba inqubo nokwandisa ukusetshenziswa kohlelo igesi. Kulokhu, uma kuqhathaniswa izibalo ebalisisiwe futhi uqobo, ngenxa iqinisekisiwe ngokunemba imodeli
ukunemba	Le mfuneko kusho ukuqondana lamanani esinaso ukubala we zezibalo imodeli nokokufaka kwemigomo into yethu yangempela
umnotho	Le mfuneko ukuze umsebenzi uhambe kahle okufanele zifinyelelwe kunoma imodeli zezibalo, libhekene izindleko kokusebenza. Uma umsebenzi wenziwa nge imodeli ngesandla, udinga ukubala ukuthi singakanani isikhathi uzobe esichithwa ikhambi yenkinga ngosizo imodeli zezibalo. Uma kuziwa design abasizwa-computer, indices kubalwa isikhathi imemori sekhompyutha

izigaba ukumodeliswa

Nje ukumodeliswa zezibalo kuyisiko ukuhlukanisa izigaba ezine.

1. Ekwakhiweni kwemithetho yokuxhuma izingxenye imodeli.
2. Ukutadisha nezinkinga zezibalo.
3. Wokuqonda kuqondana Imiphumela theory kanye nama-practical.
4. Ukuhlaziya kanye nokubuyekeza imodeli.

imodeli wezoMnotho kanye zezibalo

Kule ngxenye, siqokomisa kafushane udaba imifanekiso kwezomnotho kanye zezibalo. Izibonelo imisebenzi zihlanganisa:

• kumiswa uhlelo ukukhiqizwa womshini imikhiqizo inyama ukukhiqiza inzuzo esiphezulu;
• Ukuyeka nzuzo by kuhlaziywa inani elikhulu ukukhululwa kwe amatafula nezihlalo efemini ifenisha, nokunye.

imodeli Economic-zezibalo imelela Abstraction kwezomnotho, okuyinto waveza esebenzisa imigomo zezibalo kanye nezimpawu.

Ikhompyutha imodeli zezibalo

Izibonelo ikhompyutha imodeli zezibalo yilezi:

• inkinga umfutholuketshezi esebenzisa block imidvwebo, amashadi, amatafula, nokunye;
• imisebenzi ku Mechanics okuqinile, nokunye.

imodeli Computer - isithombe esinento noma uhlelo, okwethulwa ngesimo:

• ithebula;
• ukusebenza ngempambano;
• amashadi;
• ihluzo, nokunye.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, le imodeli ibonisa isakhiwo kanye simiso ubudlelwano.

Ukwakhiwa imodeli kwezomnotho kanye zezibalo

kakade Sithe imodeli ezifana nezomnotho-zezibalo. Isibonelo yokuxazulula le nkinga iyabheda kuzoxoxwa manje. Sidinga ukuba azihlole zohlelo ukukhiqizwa zokukhomba izinqolobane ukuze kwandiswe inzuzo kule ezahlukene phuca.

cabanga ngokugcwele inkinga, ngeke sigcine ngokuvuna ukwakha amamodeli kwezomnotho zezibalo. Umbandela izinhloso zethu - inzuzo nokukhulisa. Khona-ke umsebenzi simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako: A = P1 + P2 * x1 * x2 ... elusa esiphezulu. Kulesi imodeli, p - inzuzo per unit, x - inombolo amayunithi kukhiqizwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, encike esakhiwe, kubalulekile ukwenza iimbalo zibe, bese uzindla.

Isibonelo ukwakhiwa imodeli elula zezibalo

Umsebenti. Rybak wabuya catch ezilandelayo:

• 8 izinhlanzi - abakhileyo kwezilwandle enyakatho;
• 20% catch - eningizimu abakhileyo kolwandle;
• kusukela emfuleni wendawo alutholakalanga inhlanzi eyodwa.

Zingaki izinhlanzi ayelithengile esitolo?

Ngakho, isibonelo imodeli zezibalo yale nkinga kanje. Likhombisa inani eliphelele izinhlanzi x. Ukulandela isimo, 0.2 × - inombolo izinhlanzi eziphilayo e Ezindaweni eningizimu. Manje sihlanganisa lonke ulwazi iyatholakala futhi ukuthola imodeli zezibalo yenkinga: x = 0.2 × 8 +. Thina ukuxazulula kwesibalo futhi uthole impendulo yombuzo othi main: 10 izinhlanzi ayelithengile esitolo.