Riga - inhloko-dolobha kuliphi izwe? emazweni aseBaltic kumephu emhlabeni

Uma ungazi lapho aseBaltic, ikhadi European uzokutshela indawo yayo. Le ndawo kungatholakala empumalanga nezwekazi, ngaseningizimu kwe-Gulf of Finland phezu Baltic Sea coast abandayo.

amazwe amathathu kubandakanya aseBaltic. Map eyosibonisa nomakhelwane bayo ezinkudlwana nonamandla. Kuyinto Russia nase eJalimane, eSweden nePoland. Emaphethelweni nge uthi wakhe omkhulu yenza umnikelo obalulekile futhi ngezinye izikhathi kakhulu impela ephikisayo ukusungulwa kanye nentuthuko esifundeni.

AseBaltic kukhona sakamuva kakhulu. Kwathi kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Ngo nomlando wayo esifushane, baye bavakashela e-USSR. Nokho, lapho nje kuvela ithuba ukuze ujoyine European Union.

Baltic edonsela abahambi nge zokungcebeleka zayo zomlando wemvelo. Ungavakashela izinqaba ezithakazelisayo futhi kahle walondoloza noma elibuyiselwe kwamasonto nezigodlo. Zidonse ukunaka kwanoma izivakashi kanye nendawo ephakathi, okuyinto kufanele uyaziqhenya we dolobha kwamanye amazwe aseYurophu - Riga, Vilnius naseTallinn.

Baltic States ukuze izakhamuzi zombuso yethu eseduze phesheya. Ezweni lakubo, baqonde isiRashiya, kodwa kukho konke kubonisa kwethonya Europe. Nature esifundeni Baltic wehlukile ngempela. A coast amabhishi - endaweni ozithandayo ihlobo iholide. Engxenyeni eseningizimu ye aseBaltic kwemingcele yayo kanye Kaliningrad - polueksklavom Russian.

izici ezivamile aseBaltic

Abantu abaningi sengathi esifundeni zihlanganisa amazwe amathathu European afana nomunye. Yebo, lezi mazwe isikhathi eside ngaphansi kwethonya Russia. Ngemva inguquko, kuthiwe ukuzimela. Ngaphambi kwempi namaNazi (ngo-1940), emazweni aseBaltic baba ingxenye yase-USSR. Manje bambiza lo mcimbi le "Okwenzayo waseSoviet."

Ngemva kokuwa Union lamazwe kokubuyekezwa sinqume ukuthatha inkambo ku ukuhlanganiswa European nokuzimela wamemezela. Manje zonke izifunda amathathu aseBaltic ngaphandle EU, basesimweni endaweni Schengen futhi zifakwe NATO. Lawa mazwe ziye waqeda imingcele phakathi kwabo futhi wazitholela euro esikhundleni lwemali kazwelonke (e Lithuania kuzokwenzeka ngo-2015). Izikhathi indiza (ngaphandle sendawo) - ukufana okukhona phakathi idatha uthi.

Umehluko phakathi aseBaltic

Uma sihlole umlando namasiko amazwe amathathu, kuba sobala ukuthi abawona efana nomunye. Affinity kwaphawuleka phakathi kwezilimi Lithuanian futhi Latvian kuphela. Estonia iyafana Finnish.

I ukungafani ebonwe okholweni. Ngakho, Estonia ikakhulukazi ithobela yamaLuthela. Ngezinga elincane kukhona Orthodox ezivamile. Lithuania iyizwe nje yamaKatolika, kodwa eLatvia kungenzeka ukuhlangabezana zonke ezintathu kulezi zinkolo.

emazweni aseBaltic kumephu jikelele, esakhiwa uthi ezintathu, uvele kuphela kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. NgeNkathi Ephakathi kule ndawo ezweni elilodwa kuphela - Lithuania. Kwakuyisenzo esasibonisa amandla ezimele zezombusazwe futhi ushiye uphawu abalulekile ensimini ka hhayi kuphela engumakhelwane Belarus, kodwa futhi e-Ukraine. Kusese amathempeli walondoloza elalizokwakhiwa e Vilnius Baroque isitayela. Lamanje inhlokodolobha European amazwe - Riga naseTallinn - baba izikhungo ithi kuphela kwekhulu lamashumi amabili.

uhlobo

Abantu abaningi namanje kunemcondvo ukuthi aseBaltic - isihlahla zikaphayini ezikhulayo ogwini lolwandle. Ngempela, olunesihlabathi yokwelula lapha akukhona eziyikhulu amakhilomitha, ngakho kukhona kokwanele. Nokho, e-Estonia kukhona ogwini olunamadwala, kanye amawa okusezingeni eliphezulu embozwe roses zasendle kanye zokhuni. Kwezinye izindawo kuba pheze Tundra.

Mainland onhlobonhlobo landscape iBaltic. Ngakho, ubunjalo Estonia ukhumbuza enyakatho yeRussia. Eastern Latvia ejabulisa emfuleni izigodi zalo amahle sandstone amawa. Ngokuphathelene insimu ka Lithuania, ubunjalo lapha esifana nesika-Central.

indlela yokuphila

Wonke amazwe aseBaltic abe ngento eyodwa. Kuyinto evamile wonke amazwe amathathu, indlela yokuphila. Wabumba emuva ethola inkululeko yokuzimela. Yini izici zayo kwabonakaliswa ngazo? Okokuqala, umsebenzi omkhulu umthengi. Ngo amazwe aseBaltic, yonke indawo ungathola enkulu eziyinxanxathela kanye nezitolo ezinkulu, letisebenta kwaze kwathi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kusele, zabalimi kanye izimakethe, izimakethe zigcwele futhi bakudala. Kuwo wonke amazwe amathathu yonke indawo ungakwazi ukukhokhela nge-credit card kanye ingaludli ibhega, futhi ukudla okugcwele ashisayo. Lapha ukwenziwa ikhofi ehhovisi kunika khulula Wi-Fi. Yingakho lowo yingcweti kwelinye izwe kulula eMpumalanga e abanye ababili.

Vakashela eLatvia

Ake sithi unqume bajwayelane aseBaltic, kanye iphuzu ekupheleni umzila wakho Riga. Inhloko-dolobha ye kuliphi izwe leli dolobha elihle? Riga - sokuqondisa se Latvia. Umuzi ukusakaza kanye kokubili lomfula Daugava (Western Dvina), afike athele kuyiMediterranean eGulf of Riga. Uma udinga ukucacisa lapho Riga kumephu emhlabeni, bheka-ke eMpumalanga Yurophu endaweni aseBaltic.

landscape

Riga - idolobha elikhulu laseLatvia futhi idolobha elikhulu kunawo wonke emazweni aseBaltic. Igama lalesi edolobhaneni ukuhumusha kusuka lwesigodi wendawo lasendulo Kuzwakala kuyisixazululo "chweba, chweba, goba." Ngamanye amazwi - indawo etholakala eduze bay.

landscape komuzi sibonisa inani elikhulu amachibi ezincane nemifudlana. Lezi amadamu cishe owodwa wesihlanu yonke indawo ilawulwa Riga. Inhloko-dolobha ye kuliphi izwe e-Europe kungaba ngizibonge landscape enjalo enhle engokwemvelo? Kuyini ngenxa yokubakhona zalelo nani elikhulu amachibi nemifula? ayebonakala kule ndawo akuyona ngephutha. kuyanda kwabo kwasiza kuze kube sekugcineni ice age.

Ezindaweni ezimaphakathi we dolobha Latvia lakhiwa endaweni ka sifinyelela engezansi eMfuleni Daugava. Umbuso wasenyakatho ingxenye yomuzi esisogwini olusentshonalanga ye eGulf of Riga. Esifundeni eseningizimu nasempumalanga nhlobo izakhiwo zokuhlala, njengoba kukhona amaxhaphozi amaningi emaxhaphozini. Ezikhathini zangaphambili, base isithiyo yemvelo okuvikela umuzi kusukela isitha.

Ngo enyakatho nasempumalanga ye Riga lizungezwe enhle zesihlabathi nasezihlahleni heathlands. Esikhathini enyakatho-ntshonalanga yenhloko-dolobha ka-Latvia is wageza ngasemanzini Baltic Sea. Iphandle esentshonalanga Riga, Jurmala idume.

Le ndawo yokungcebeleka, okuyinto itholakala ensimini ka inqwaba zokungcebeleka. Iphinde elibamba ezihlukahlukene imikhosi.

Isimo sezulu

Umuzi Riga (Latvia) Sizohlangana nge ehlobo ezinomswakama nobusika snowy ne thaws eziningi. It is okubangwa sezulu esipholile zamazwekazi isifundazwe lapho inhloko-dolobha itholakala. Ehlobo, ukushisa okuvamile kuba degrees amabili ngenhla zero, kanti ebusika izinga lokushisa kuyaqabukela lehla ngezansi lokususa ezintathu.

Maphakathi no-December Riga ngokupheleleyo dibikeza iqhwa elisemandleni edolobheni kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni kuka-March. Inhlokodolobha abakwazi ukuqhosha isibhakabhaka libalele. liguqubele lapha cishe isigamu onyakeni. Naphezu kwakho konke lokhu, imvula emzini iwe kancane.

nabaqashwa

Riga insimu ihlukaniswe yaba izifunda ezintathu. Phakathi kwabo Ziemelu, Kurzeme futhi Central. namadlelo ezintathu Uyi ingxenye yomuzi. It Vidzeme, Zemgale futhi Latgale. Basuke ihlukaniswe ngezigodi eziningana ezincane.

indaba

Mayelana edolobheni Riga okuqoshiwe sokuqala kwaqala ngonyaka zemihla ngemihla 1198 Kusukela 1201 edolobheni baba idolobha ekhethwe umbhishobhi Livonia wahlala kulo. AbaseSweden iwine Riga e 1621. Kusukela 1710 komuzi aba yingxenye Russia. Ngo-1919 Riga yaba inhloko-dolobha Republic of Latvia, kusukela ngonyaka ka-1940 - sokuqondisa we SSR Latvian. Manje Riga inhloko-dolobha kuliphi izwe? Kusukela ngo-1991, lo muzi inhliziyo Latvia. Riga City - esihlalweni umongameli, uhulumeni kanye iphalamende yezwe.

zokungcebeleka

Ukuze uqale ajwayelane idolobha elikhulu laseLatvia kudingeka endaweni lapho kanye wabeka itshe zayo zokuqala Yenziwa. Lokhu okuthiwa Old Riga. Le ngxenye edolobheni kuyinto Ensemble omangalisayo yezakhiwo kanye zomlando, indawo yakwa-okuyinto oda eyodwa namashumi ayisithupha izikhumbuzo bokwakha lasendulo.

Izakhiwo edume kunazo Old Riga iyona Dome Cathedral. Njalo izivakashi ngokuvakashela idolobha elikhulu laseLatvia, kumelwe nakanjani iya khona ulalele isitho abadumile. Cathedral sabekwa emuva 1211 Period kokuqedwa iyona ngasekupheleni kwekhulu weshumi nantathu. Ngokuhamba nomlando wayo, lesi sakhiwo kabusha kambalwa. Ngakho, yayakhiwe ohlangothini Izindlwana kanye izici Romanesque-Gothic yavela. Umvuthwandaba lombhishobhi waba umbhoshongo baraque, nge ekuphakameni ayisishiyagalolunye amamitha, okuyinto isendaweni Spire we iqhude segolide. Manje lesi sakhiwo sekuwuphawu komuzi.

Ngo 1601, isitho wamiswa ngo-Dome Cathedral. Ziyakwazi kufanele uyaziqhenya Riga. Inhloko-dolobha ye kuliphi izwe kungaba ukuziqhayisa ithuluzi ezifana? Dome isitho uhlukile ubuhle umsindo wabo. Namuhla-ke ingenye esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni.

lesikhumbuzo Ezinhle bokwakhiwa ephakathi kuyinto iSonto iSt Peter itholakala emgwaqeni Skārņu. Ukwakhiwa kwalesi sakhiwo waqala ngo 1209. Ngo 1941 isakhiwo sesonto labhujiswa. Kuze kube manje, lesikhumbuzo zalungiswa. Njengoba observation yayo emphemeni inikeza umbono omangalisayo inhlokodolobha aseBaltic.

Uma uya khona kuyakhethwa Latvia (Riga), ibalazwe muzi ngokuqinisekile uyokwakhelwa ezidingekayo. Kuyoba ngokushesha ukuthola indlela yabo ukuba imigwaqo Baltic dolobha. Budebuduze Square St sikaPetru uzothola Castle. Futhi-mlando esaziwayo of the Old Town. ungajabulela enqabeni Order of the Crusaders kule ndawo, elakhiwa ngekhulu XIV. Ibizwa ngokuthi Riga Castle. Ezikhathini zangaphambili, lesi sakhiwo kwaba yokuhlala imantshi Order Livonian. Ngemva ababusi Riga Castle iPoland Sweden wahlala. Kusukela ekupheleni kwelikhulu lesi-nesikhombisa, lesi sakhiwo kwaba yokuhlala uhulumeni-Jikelele yeRussia. Namuhla, iminyuziyamu eziningana elise enqabeni. embukisweni wabo wethula izivakashi umlando Latvia, ubuciko angaphandle, kanye umlando izincwadi nezobuciko yezwe. Enqabeni kukhona kuvulandi encane. Iyisonto embukisweni unomphela ukubaza engadini.

Eqhubeka uhambo Old Town, ungabona omunye lesikhumbuzo bokwakhiwa ephakathi. Bona kuyinto Powder noma Sand Tower. Kuyinto isakhiwo, onguyena kuphela osaphila, okuyinto wawuyingxenye inqaba ukuzivikela of Riga izinqaba. Umbhoshongo, elakhiwa ngo-1650, has a ukuphakama 25,5 m, futhi ubukhulu bayo -. 14.5 m Lesi sakhiwo has a izimpumputhe imitha emithathu izindonga, wabeka ngesitini esibomvu. Futhi kuphela kwezinye izindawo embhoshongweni, zikhona amawindi ewumngcingo, imibhoshongo. Ukwakhiwa ngokubabazekayo futhi enamandla ebeka umbono ongenakucimeka wokulingwa.

Kumephu kuwufanele bekuthola ithuba. It is lapha ibekwe eSangweni Swedish. Bakhandwa abamhlaba e 1698 at kodonga inqaba. Ngemva kokudlula ezikhungweni ngaphansi lwaleli wesango, ungabona ibandla St James. Ngenhla kulendlu, elakhiwa ngo-1225, i-Spire Gothic phezu okuyinto cockerel segolide.

Riga - Europe. Yingakho ngo-dolobha Latvian, kungatholakala isakhiwo, okuyinto iwuMnyuziyamu elikhulu futhi Small Guild. Lokhu kuwuphawu yonke imizi medieval European. Guild uwukuhlangana izakhamizi nelungelo. Ngineminyaka engu azihlukile futhi Riga. Ngakho, ngo-Guild Omkhulu emzini babengabahwebi Lokudabuka isiJalimane, futhi Minor - sezingcweti.

Old Town ukumema uvakashele Ensemble yezakhiwo ngekhulu xv., Yikuphi ibizwa ngokuthi "abafowethu abathathu". Uyosinika umqondo wokobana inomboro yokuhlala medieval Kwahlelwa.

Ensimini ka engxenyeni yalo muzi wasendulo kukhona cafe edume kunazo wedolobha. Phakathi kwabo - lesikhungo "Old Town" futhi "nezitulo Nantathu". Abakwazi yayala Black Ibhalsamu wenza ngokusho zokupheka awadlulisela kithi kusuka Ephakathi.

Ngokwengxenye APC kwedolobha Riga (bheka ngezansi isithombe) kuyinto kakhulu kunaye. Le ndawo libhekene khona nezitayela ezihlukahlukene bokwakha. Buildings endaweni yedolobha mihle futhi ngomusa.

Umngcele kamasipala Old Town iyona Bastion Hill. Lena lesikhumbuzo eyingqayizivele, okuyinto okusikhumbuza ezinjenge, emzini, phakathi nekhulu XIX. Labe kudilizwe oluningi emiseleni okuvimbezela wengxenye Old komuzi. Phela, nabo basuke baphelelwa injongo yayo njengoba izakhiwo ukuzivikela. Ngesikhathi indawo lapho isihlabathi wabekwa phezu nenqaba yayakhiwe Bastion Hill. Moat yaphenduka isiteshi Urban.

New city centre wagcina ezakhiwe ngasekupheleni kwekhulu XIX. Kusayithi izakhiwo kudilizwe kwavula boulevards ububanzi futhi ezitaladini, eyakha ezakhiweni zomphakathi, tekuphatsa kanye yokuhlala. Umhlobiso entsha edolobheni baye baba amapaki, wadala ku XIX sekwephuzile - ekuqaleni XX leminyaka.

Ukunakwa zezivakashi ezikhangwa Latvian Academic Opera kanye Ballet Theatre, okuyinto etholakala eduze Bastion Hill. Yakhiwa emuva 1863 Ekuqaleni, isakhiwo lamiswao ngokuba German Theatre of Riga. Kwakungisiza umqambi Richard Wagner, kwakukhona kunabaculi Schumann futhi Liszt, kanye nezinye osaziwayo abaningi.

Uma uhamba Boulevard Yana Raynisa, ungabona isikhungo ngobukhulu ezemfundo Latvia - State University. Lesi sakhiwo lakhiwa 1866-1869 GG. Ekuqaleni kwathiwa elise Polytechnic School, kamuva siguqulelwa Institute, bese ngo-University. Boulevard Yana Raynisa kufanele wenze lomuntu ozihambela kahle nje, ngoba ingenye enhle kunazo eRiga. Nazi izikwele, ngubani bamisa isitayela ensimini isiNgisi, okuyinto has a plan khulula. Njengoba imihlobiso endaweni eluhlaza esetshenziswa ukubaza zokuhlobisa. Inhloko-dolobha ye Latvia bekulokhu uyaziqhenya boulevards yayo, tikwele, amapaki kanye izingadi njalo. izindawo Green ezindaweni eziningi zihlotshiswe eziqoshiwe.

Emangazayo eRiga Central Park - Ihlathi. indawo yaso Isiteji Omkhulu ukucula emaqenjini. Budebuduze ihlathi siphukile Zoological Garden. Kube e Riga Iculo Festival Park, okuyisona esiphethe Latvians ozithandayo Folk umkhosi.

Riga kuyinto eyingqopha elakhiwa ngo-1935, i-Freedom Isikhumbuzo. Kuyinto ebaziwe wowesifazane ephethe phezu kwekhanda lakhe izinkanyezi ezintathu. Liluphawu kwedolobha inkululeko. Star Okuthwesa umqhele lesikhumbuzo iyabonakala kusukela amapaki eziningi idolobha elikhulu laseLatvia.

Ukuze Riga ezikhangayo kungenziwa ngokuphepha bexhumanisa central emakethe, okuyinto ingenye izindawo ezinkulu zasendlini yalolu hlobo eYurophu.