Okuzenzakalelayo Bulkin AB-46: ekuhlaziyeni izici futhi amaqiniso athakazelisayo

umshini abanolwazi Bulkin ithole Ukukhiqiza Inkomba TKB-415, yasungulwa ngo-1945. Ngokushesha ngemva kokudalwa kuka-isikhali abathintekayo kulo mncintiswano GAU USSR Armed Forces, ukuncintisana ngemibandela alinganayo nabanye izibonelo ezinjalo. Ngo eminyakeni embalwa le imodeli ilahlekelwe ezinye nemingcele ukuhlukahluka CB-P-580, kamuva owaziwa uquqaba njengoba AK-47.

Okuncane designer

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi umshini Bulkin ayisetshenziswa kabanzi, ukukhula kwawo edlale indima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni Soviet ngezikhali ezincane. Mayelana umakhi is kancane eyaziwa. Ngaphambi kwempi wayesebenza at KB NIPSVO. Ngo 1942-43. kanye I. labetibambile Rakov ukuklama sokuzingela othomathikhi futhi machine gun. Ngo-1943, sasidlula isibhamu test umshini okudalwe yilo unjiniyela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uye wazakhela carbine TKB-32 nge-othomathikhi ukukhiya indlela.

Ngo-1944, umshini abanolwazi Bulkin AB-44 lwaqala, futhi ngo-1948, umklami iye yaba nesandla ukudalwa ngesivinini izindiza izibhamu. Wawenziwa ngokubambisana NM Afanasyev futhi Berezinym M. E. isiphetho okwalandela kuyinto gunsmith engaziwa. Ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa, kuyindaba yangasese kanye zonke oluchaza idatha unjiniyela kwalahleka eduze izihlobo eziphilayo abakwazi ukuthola.

Umlando sokudalwa

General Administration yamemezela umncintiswano ukudala isikhali entsha othomathikhi ngo-1943. Ngokwezinga elithile, lesi sinqumo nomthelela isethulo omkhandlu yomsebenzi Commissariat imodeli German MC-42 ne amacala njalo. Soviet analog osezingeni igobolondo icala ubude 7,62 kuya 4.1 cm, sidaliwe onjiniyela kanye Semin Elizarov ngesikhathi esihamba phambili. Ngemva kwalokho emkhonweni kwaba esifushane kuka-2 mm.

imishini Abaqhudelanayo athuthukile kuphela izisekelo entsha yasekhaya. Esikhathini Ukubuyekeza lokuqala ukunqoba ukhishwa Sudaevu unjiniyela, obuze i-carbine othomathikhi C-44, enesisindo 5.3 kg. Phakathi bokwenza abamele kuphawula isisindo overvalued izikhali futhi bakhuthaza le umklami ukusebenza ku ukwehla yayo.

Eyesibili mncintiswano

Ngo-1945, ngokusho GAU iqala emncintiswaneni yesibili. Kulesi sigaba, abahlanganyeli yethulwa othomathikhi Bulkin AB-46 umklami. Sudan presents i ukuguqulwa ngcono AS-44. Kodwa kulokhu ingebe alibonisi Imiphumela ezifana ngaphambili. Bulkin izikhali umklami ngemva izibuyekezo eziningana siyaqhubeka iqhaza emncintiswaneni. Nokufa ngokungalindelekile kwesihlobo Sudaeva kweqa esizayo NJENGOBA-44, okuyinto wayengumholi main.

Abahlanganyeli asele siqhubeke ezidla nendawo ephambili phakathi ezizishintshayo yasekhaya. GAU Commission, kucatshangelwa izimo futhi inikeza ababeqhudelana nezimfuneko Tactical futhi technical esekelwe design owandulelayo ngemodeli ngayinye ngaphambi okubonisa sibonelo. Ngenxa yalokho, lo mdlalo wokugcina avunyelwe namaprojekthi amahlanu kuphela. Bulkin Machine iminyaka engaphezu kwemibili isahola phakathi novivinyo futhi ekuqaleni 1948 kwaba kuphela senzakalo ukunemba ezifanele lapho kokudubula imisindo emifushane, okukhulunywe ngayo izidingo Commission.

Imiphumela yokuhlola

Ukuze lonke izikhali labafanelekako nenqubo kubhekwe sabonakala kahle ngokwalo. Kalula yesondlo, kalula disassembly babe phezulu hhayi eliphansi kuya izimbangi. Nokho Bulkin akakwazanga ukuxazulula inkinga survivability siyiqiniso "ingane" zalo. It ekugcineni negate yonke imizamo umklami. Ukuze udlulisele emkhakheni ukuhlolwa iphethini Commission Kalashnikov kunjiniyela likhethiwe.

Bulkin AB-46 submachine isibhamu akaphenduli tidzingo teMtsetfo weMkhandlu GAU futhi akazange ovivinyweni lokugcina. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngo-1949 iye yamukelwa AK-47, kubhekwa ukuguqulwa edlale indima enkulu ekuthuthukiseni lo mshini, njengoba eziningi izindlela futhi imininingwane mncintiswano cishe ezifanayo.

design

Umklami wadala isampuli ngesisekelo ukusebenza gazootvedeniya othomathikhi, engeyokuqala esemgwaqweni ngenhla emgqonyeni. Ukuze ukuqunjelwa brainstem isiteshi wasebenzisa isimiso yokunyathelisa. Kudivayisi ngokuchitha igesi akanakho ukuphatha futhi uvala iyunithi siqukethe stem kanye stem ophela igesi piston. I yesivalo ifakwe ukuvulwa stem ukulwa izibungu nge pair of izisekelo yokunyathelisa.

Lapho ezihambayo stem yesivalo umshini Bulkina ekuqaleni ijikelezwe ukulwa isibungu ke okukhipha ezimbili iziteshi of coupler nge izisekelo breech. ukunyakaza Okwalandela stem Kwenziwa esibambile ukulwa isibungu. I isiqondiso ukunyakazisa yesivalo ibhokisi emphethweni ichaze uhlobo extruded. Banesimiso encishisiwe kakhulu ebusweni contact, esihlinzeka ezifweni ezibuthakathaka ukusilaphazeka. amacala Delivery Yenziwe esitolo 30 izinhlamvu. I cartridges kuthiwa uvalo, kukhona ezimbili irowu okuphakelayo. Ijoka wenziwe mncane steel ingxubevange nge isibhakela futhi Welding.

Umgomo we operation

Bulkina othomathikhi AB-44 njengoba version yayo ethuthukisiwe, ifakwe inhlamvu indlela nge ukucabhela inhlamvu. Lendawo iyithuluzi elingeyona inkimbinkimbi ngaphandle kokuba kudivayisi disengaging hook kanye sear. Isango ukuvulwa stem uhlobo cocks, ke engenela ehlombe kuhletshwa nge inhlamvu eyehlisiwe. yesivalo indlela evumela kokudubula isibhamu esisodwa noma Ukuvutha.

Umlawuli isigwedlo imodi uhlobo umlilo itholakala ohlangothini lwesokudla isiqu, ngenhla inhlamvu. Ezinye ukuhlukahluka kuthiwa izikhali kubhekwe abangu saba 100 mm emgqonyeni. Ukuphepha isigwedlo ogibele lwesokunxele umshini ukuvumela ukudlulisa lula izindlela zalo ne umuno. Ukuze emehlweni ihlangabezana adjustable phambi kwamehlo indandatho Ukuvikelwa futhi wemboni iyonke.

Izici Zabantu uhlelo lobuchwepheshe

amasampula amabili umshini AB-46 esethulwa emihlanganweni ukuhlolwa yokuncintisana:

1. Inketho nge isitokwe lokhuni ukuhlomisa amayunithi ezivamile lempi.
2. Imodeli alo Butt ukuze isetshenziswe ezindaweni eziqhelelene ekhethekile namaqembu sisemoyeni.

Okulandelayo main nemingcele lobuchwepheshe umshini olucutshungulwayo:

• isisindo Okugcwele - 4.5 kg.
• Ubude - 0,94 m.
• Wendlovu - 0,51 m.
• Ngemishini ububanzi shot - 0.8 km.
• Qala ukushaja ijubane indiza - 750 metres ngomzuzwana.
• Inkomba izinga lomlilo - 600 imizuliswano ngomzuzu.
• Isibalo izikhali yezinyoni - 30 imizuliswano.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Ezikhathini zaseSoviet, imincintiswano akuzona yeningi kakhulu. Ngokuvamile, lapho liyancedisana izingalo zakhe amasampula somuntu owaphila elinamandla nokuxhumana. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umphumela ngokuvamile esadlala indima ebalulekile uma. Ngokwesibonelo, isibhamu sohlobo lwe-esihle Simonov kunqanyulwe esivuna off-Ushintshe igama analog Tokarev SVT-38. Wayecabanga ukuthi lokhu sinqumo iloli njalo lo mgadli ku ABC-36. Nokho, inkinga kwakungekona ekwakhiweni, nokuthi steel ngesikhathi isitshalo akusho omnene kahle. Kakade edition 1942 ka SVT is kakhulu ziyancipha, kusukela sokuzingela zazifile enkundleni yempi. Kususiwe inkonzo ngisho phambi Mosin isibhamu.

Ngemva Kalashnikov ethulwa sibonelo sakhe sokuqala, isinqumo ikhomishana emelelwa Pchelintseva uLieutenant kwaba isobala: isikhali aluphelele futhi ayikho ngaphansi zokubuyekeza. Kwenzeka kanjalo-ke. Kodwa ke eyaqala ukwenzeka izinto eziyinqaba.

Kalashnikov uphendulela usizo induna yakhe yegama Fierce. Lokho kubanika, falsifies isitifiketi wokuhlola kanye uncoma ithuba lokucwengisiswa umshini, wazi ukuthi kuzodingeka ukuba uzenze konke kusuka ekuqaleni. Yena uqobo yenza izinguquko mayelana ezimbili kweshumi e izikhali design. Ngaphandle kwakhe, ekubuyekezeni isampuli kwaba ubunjiniyela V Daykin. Kuyinto lesi senzakalo futhi amelwe ukuncintisana umshini Bulkin TKB-415.

Ukuchitheka yaphela nge-AA kanye AB?

Njengoba wokuphila uqaphele Kalashnikov, intokazi umklami Bulkin uLieutenant ngaphandle imfundo ekhethekile, wakwazi ukufeza bephakamisa mncintiswano iconsi ukuphuma. Empeleni, abanye nezikhulu ezinezikhundla eziphezulu baye bagqugquzela iphrojekthi AK, ngibukele izici Bulkina imodeli. Ngenxa yalokho, umsebenzi AK waqhubeka Kovrov isitshalo ngaphansi kokuqondisa unjiniyela abanolwazi Zaitseva, kodwa unikele izici isakhi ibhethri. Hhayi indima okungenani kule ukukhiqizwa futhi idlalwe Fierce, indoda iyahlonishwa NIPSMVO.

Ngenxa yalokho, umshini lithole izichibiyelo ezingaphezu kuka-400 futhi sidalwe cishe kusuka ekuqaleni. Lokhu kwaba ukwephulwa ingcaca imithetho lonjiniyela wenze ushintsho ezincane kuphela prototypes yabo. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ubude emgqonyeni lancipha 35 amasentimitha, nakuba kamuva ke lase linyuke laba ngu 41.4 cm.

Ekupheleni

Phakathi umncintiswano omunye amalungu ekomidi wabona iphutha okukhulu phakathi AK-46 yamemezela amaphrojekthi. Nokho, ngokushesha kuvale umlomo wakhe, njengoba izwi lokugcina owawuqondene Kolomna abahloli, ezazenza sengathi hhayi ukuqaphela lezi zinguquko ezinqala kakhulu. Naphezu kwalokhu, ama-AK-46 namanje elahlekile umshini Bulkin, 1946, kanye nesibhamu Dementieva. Igcina notshani lo msebenzi waba yokuthi ayikho amamodeli ayizange waphakamisa edingekayo imingcele Tactical futhi lobuchwepheshe.

umshini Bulkin wayewukuphela kwezintathu uye wabonisa ukunemba neze izimfuneko GAU. Libuye bebakhulu AK of Ergonomics, yaba uhlaka isitokwe egoqekayo, okuyinto ngemva kwamashumi eminyaka embalwa, kwakunengozi "Kalashnikov" kamuva. Isinqumo ukuba kusebenze pair of ifulege ukushintsha ungase umthukuthelele kufanele kwadala impikiswano, kodwa ukuthuthukisa izindlela ezikhona bezingeke neze zibe nzima. Ngokwengxenye enkulu, umklami wafingqa bewumsebenzi ISIZINDA, + njengasosukwini lokungivivinya izindaba ngibelethe isibhamu Simonov. Naphezu kwesimo samanje, umshini Bulkin kwesokunxele nokuncane elikhanyayo emlandweni izikhali isiRashiya, njengoba kwadingeka umklamo omuhle ezithakazelisayo futhi amahle.