Isifingqo "Baba Goriot" Honoré de Balzac: nabalingiswa abasemqoka, izinkinga, izingcaphuno

Honoré de Balzac - omunye wabasunguli be-okwangempela ezincwadini European. Izihloko ehlanganiswa umbhali, hhayi behlukene amaqiniso nsuku zonke. Nokho imisebenzi yakhe ibilokhu kuhle ezinzima futhi ononya, njengoba ngezinye izikhathi ukuphila ngokwako ngabantu. Esikhathini elotshwe ngobuciko ababevela usiba lwayo, izinhlamvu bheka zemvelo, ethakazelisayo, ayathanda izinto ukuheha bonke. Abaningi izinhlamvu amanoveli akhe - abantu abangabangcwele abahahayo izifiso, izinqumo nezenzo pragmatic, main injongo - ukuthola injabulo, hhayi imicabango ephakeme izinhlamvu evamile romantic.

Honoré de Balzac: "Baba Goriot"

Umlando noveli ixhunyiwe nezinkinga Balzac umbono yokubhala uchungechunge izindaba ezazingakwesokunene ebonisa ukuphila kwabantu bakubo. Umkhiqizo wokuqala ochungechungeni sebenzi ngalesosikhathi zenziwe iqoqo onesihloko esithi "I-Human Comedy." Lapho ebhaliwe lo msebenzi Onore De Balzak? "Baba Goriot" yadalwa 1832, kodwa le ncwadi zenzeka eminyakeni emibili kuphela. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi, ezingqondweni genius bakha icebo yokubhala izindaba okwakufanele ukukhombisa yangempela umphakathi isiFulentshi, izifiso kanye okulindelwe ababephila ngesikhathi lwembhali. Ngangifuna ukuba badlulisele umfundi Honoré de Balzac? "Baba Goriot" ikhombisa imizwa yakhe ehlukahlukene evamile olutholwa umuntu, kuhlanganise Okungishaya, ezifana ukuhaha, wanelise isifiso anaso ngezithukuthuku ukuhlazeka nezinye isifiso sokugembula ukulandelana fun okungapheli.

Isifinyezo umkhiqizo "Baba Goriot"

Izenzakalo ezenzeka Paris, umuzi, ngombono wami, elisusa abantu bonke abantu, azishiye isifiso abanothando futhi ezinganeliseki kuphela. Isifingqo "Baba Goriot" ikuvumela ukuba ukujwayelana imiqondo esemqoka nesekelayo umsebenzi, achithe okungenani isikhathi.

Izenzakalo inoveli uthatha umfundi ku isivakashi indlu encane esemaphethelweni eParis. Abantu abahlala kuyo, ihluke kakhulu, kodwa ukwabelana into eyodwa - inhlanhla kubo isikhathi eside saphela umusa.

Phakathi izivakashi izikhungo uhlala ixhegu onendlu uhlamvu kuhle ezimbi. Akekho esola ukuthi empeleni bempofu wohlanga olukhulu, ngabomvu uzama uhlele namadodakazi abo okuba nekusasa elijabulisayo. Umakhelwane wakhe ebhodini - Rastignac, uwukuphela komuntu ngengozi uthola ngalokhu. Ukutholakala kwaleli qiniso eshintsha ngokuphelele umbono insizwa empofu ubudala. Isifinyezo 'Baba Goriot "kuhlanganisa ziphuzo zazihluzwa izenzakalo ukhiye kanye nencazelo izinhlamvu abalulekile ukuhlaziya umkhiqizo. Kukhona izikhathi lapho kudingeka baphendukele usebenzisa i-eseyi lelandzisako sikubeke okwengeziwe, isibonelo, uma kukhona omningi ulwazi izivivinyo. Ezimweni ezinjalo, isifinyezo sezinto "Baba Goriot" intando emizuzwaneni embalwa ukuze baqonde isiqondiso imicabango lombhali, kanye umcondvo lobalulekile umsebenzi.

Izinhlamvu main kule noveli

Umkhiqizo ine inqwaba abalingiswa, kokubili ezinkulu nezincane. Kulesi sahluko, sicabanga izinhlamvu abalulekile imisebenzi emikhulu ekhuluma uHonoré de Balzac. Ngokungangabazeki, isifinyezo sezinto "Baba Goriot" ingxenye evumela umfundi ukuba aqonde futhi ngeso lengqondo izwe kwangaphakathi lezinhlamvu noveli, kodwa ukwenza isithombe egcwele, kufanele sinake izimfanelo umlingisi ngamunye. Yini emangalisayo sivulekile umsebenzi, "Baba Goriot"? Abalingiswa yalesi elotshwe ngobuciko wakhulelwa ngumlobi ngisho nasemininingwaneni emincane kakhulu, phansi imikhuba kanye izinkumbulo.

• Umdlali oyinhloko, okubizwa ngokuthi ubaba Goriot, ezingelapheki King Lear, okwathi ubuhlanya wakhe onokuthula emnene. Nokho, yena uthanda ngobuqotho namadodakazi akhe, ababesebenzisa ingozi kayise kuphela ngosizo lwezimali yokuzijabulisa yabo.

• Ezhen De Rastignac, umfundi owayevela izifundazwe. Ekuqaleni noveli wayenobuhlobo amathemba ahlanzekile bobusha ukuyothola imfundo, ukuzuza abazali, kodwa uma efika ukukhanya omkhulu, lishintsha ngokuphelele izinto eziza kuqala ekuphileni kwakho, futhi ngemva "cream" emphakathini waseParis labangela ukuqala komkhakha ozitika ekuzitikeni ngokweqile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, uba umthandi indodakazi yakhe yesibili Goriot - Baroness ubuhle. Rastignac - nguye kuphela anabo ixhegu inhlonipho kancane nesihawu.
• Delphine de Nucingen - indodakazi endala ka Goriot, ogane indoda sasivumela ocebile, kodwa ukukopela obala ku kuye, kodwa-ke, njengoba uJesu wamtshela.
• Anastasi de resto - the Indodakazi encane bomuntu omdala Goriot, ashade Earl.
• Vautrin - umakhelwane Goriot futhi Rastignac ebhodini. Uma sihlaziya imisebenzi ukunakekelwa okuyisisekelo, i-ukuziphikisa nobuzenzisi abalingiswa abaningi enovelini usukela ngokucacile kakhulu. Kodwa Vautrin, nakuba kuba ngokoqobo samuntu okubi jikelele enovelini, okungenani thembeka. A owabe, kunalokho indoda yingozi ukudlala izimpilo zabanye abantu. Encwadini yakhe ethi, "Baba Goriot," echaza izinhlamvu ngobuciko obukhulu, imbangela ibonakala akukubi kangako ku isizinda omakhelwane abahahayo abonakele, ayivusa obala uyadelela.
• Viscountess de Bosean - eyisihlobo Rastignac, eyethula unripened umfana Upper Khanyisa, ngaleyo ndlela kuyisunduzele ukuna.
• Wok - umnikazi wendlu isivakashi, umfelokazi engamashumi amahlanu. Uma owesifazane ukuba kwakufanela ashade Goriot, kodwa sinqatshelwe. Ngemva kwalokho, waba nobutha protagonist. nokwedelelwa wakhe anda lapho waqala ukubonisa izimpawu zesifo lwencithakalo yayo sobala.

Izici uyise Goriot

I protagonist emelela oqothulayo uthando olunjengolukababa, okuyinto ngokuphelele bancishwa yekhono layo ukuze uhlaziye ukuthi kwenzekani phakathi kwakhe nendodakazi yakhe. Akungabazeki ukuthi wayenguKristu Ngesizathu sokuthi amadodakazi usukhulile ezinjalo. Uthando lwakhe budedengu kwaholela isiphetho esibuhlungu ezinjalo. Umbhali ugcizelela ukuthi umuzwa elimangalisayo lokuthi yenza abantu injabulo, kodwa kumele subordinated ukubonisana nathi.

Uthando - izikhali ezesabekayo ukuthi uyabulala, ngoba yilokho kanye okwenzeka inoveli. umuzwa zoyise ukuthi akabazi ngesilinganiso, abulala wonke womuntu e amadodakazi protagonist. Izici Goriot ubaba ngeke akwenze ngaphandle ukubukeka ezibucayi ngalesi uhlamvu. Abasebenzi, abenza imisebenzi kamuva bacubungula inoveli, misa isihlamba umlobi ke Kuyaphawuleka lothando budedengu, bephikelela ukuthi akuyona into engokwemvelo, umuzwa normal, kunalokho like ubuhlanya.

ukuhlaziya imisebenzi

Yini zizifundele zona ngokwazo umfundi enovelini "Baba Goriot"? Ukuhlolwa kwaleli umkhiqizo ikuvumela ukuba ubuyekeze ubudlelwano emndenini. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubaba onothando abangakwazi ngizibonge ifomu ezinkulu noma omndeni lasendulo ahlukile, kodwa limelela uthando abazali ekahle '. Ngakolunye uhlangothi - indodakazi umlingisi losemcoka, ngubani, ngokushesha nje lapho uyise ngempumelelo bashade nabo off, ngokushesha wamuka kuye. Ekupheleni noveli umlingiswa oyinhloko uyafa, kodwa eqinisweni wayesefile ekuqaleni kwendaba, ngoba ngaphandle lonke ayezinikela izingane zabo. Finale usebenza nezikulu nasengqondweni esindayo: elele esezokufa, Goriot ingabe yini akuthuke namadodakazi akhe, kunalokho, ethethelela ababusise. Ukuyiqonda injongo yangempela yokunikezwa pragmatism esikhulu izingane zakhe, akakwazi ngibasole nakakhulu - ufaneleke izenzo zabo. Kwenzekani Abantwana balesi ndoda empofu? ukuthi uyise unecala, ababaphanga? Ngemva kokufa kwakhe, leli qiniso iba sobala. Ngeshwa, Onore De Balzak baphoqeleka ukuba bavume ukuthi uthando yangempela ayilinganiswa ahlonishwe Paris - kuthiwa lathathelwa indawo okuhluke ngokuphelele. Njengoba umbhali kule noveli ngomlomo ngohlamvu olulodwa - wonke impilo Paris kusekelwe iziqu kanye nemali, ngobuqotho akubhekwa kukuhle, kodwa kunalokho alifaneleki, noma ngisho okuphambene.

Izinkinga kudalulwe enovelini

Lo msebenzi besesitelekeni yokusebenza kwalo ngezindlela eziningi: Kubonakala sengathi ongaphambili kungabonwa ingxabano okuphakade phakathi izizukulwane, kodwa lokho kumane nje ungqimba phezulu yonke kulokho okwakushiwo aho Balzac. Yiziphi izinkinga ungathanda ukugqamisa umbhali kule noveli "Baba Goriot"? Izinkinga wadalula umkhiqizo kuthinta ubuhlobo akuyona kuphela umndeni kodwa futhi umphakathi. Kufanele kuqondwe ukuthi umphakathi waseFrance langaleso sikhathi laliwumfuziselo ngempela heterogeneous, futhi igebe phakathi kwamaqembu ahlukene mkhulu kangangokuba ushintsho komunye stratum kwezenhlalo kwenye akunakwenzeka. Kubandakanya le nkinga uzama ukugcizelela umlobi.

isithombe Rastignac

Rastignac isithombe enovelini "Baba Goriot" kuyinto ukwambulwa kakhulu ngoba ihlanganisa izimfanelo ezinhle kodwa futhi elibi hhayi nje, ukuthi, umfundi angakwazi ukulandelela izinguquko eziye zaba khona isimo sengqondo intsha kulo lonke inoveli. Ngemisebenzi ekuseni wambeka phambi kwabo njengenhlangano indoda nomdlandla esanda kwesokunxele ekhaya abazali bakhe, kodwa kusukela aye Paris naye kukhona izinguquko eziphawulekayo. Yiqiniso, kwaba nenkathi lapho, uyeza mbeni ukuphila kwangempela laseParis, Rastignac wabakhuza ngamazwi aqatha ke. Nokho, ekupheleni umkhiqizo metamorphoses abalulekile. Lokhu kubonakala ngokucacile kakhulu lapho umfana ufika khona nomqondo ukubulala umyeni indlovukazi yakhe.

izingcaphuno

Yini edonsela abafundi enovelini "Baba Goriot"? Izilinganiso othathwe imisebenzi, aphorisms babé yangempela, ngoba Sigcwele kwehlulela ohlakaniphile wambula amaqiniso okuphila:

• "Mercenary isibe isikhali ingakuvumeli ukucabangela nokuqhwandela, kanye tip yayo kanjani kuyo yonke indawo."
• "Ngiyabona manje, lokho uzobhekana lezi bazenzisi, uma uNkulunkulu kuzokhansela bese ekwaHlulelweni Zokugcina."
• "Kukhona awunakuthokoza lokukhulu kubomake kuyinto ukulalela nokububula yamagama mnene."

Inani le noveli

umsebenzi Honoré de Balzac sika "Baba Goriot" wenza umnikelo omkhulu izincwadi zezwe, okwenezela yengcebo yayo efanele inoveli. Ngokokuqala ngqá umfundi unethuba nobuso umkhiqizo, ngokucace kangaka futhi elivunyelwa idlulisele umoya wokuphila kwansuku zonke. Buhle okwangempela ngalolo akusisusi kumbe ukulolonga obubi zokuthambekela kobuntu, kodwa kuyasiza ukubukeka okusha ngesikhathi umphakathi uhlaziye izinto eziza kuqala futhi uzindle amathemba.