AmakhompyuthaIsofthiwe

Isiginisha yogesi iyinhlangano esemthethweni: kanjani ukuba uthole? Ukusebenzisa izingxenye ezincane electronic

Ukusebenzisa isignisha yezinombolo kuyinto ngokuya kuba yinto evamile ngaphezulu Russia. Futhi lokhu akumangalisi, kusukela yogesi ezimweni eziningi evikelwe kuka zasesiteji ezifanele Ulungise ngepeni obungangenhloko kakhanjana noma isitembu. senziwa kanjani yogesi kwenhlangano engokomthetho? Kanjani ukuze uthole ithuluzi elifanele?

kwencazelo yogesi

Ukuqala ukuchaza okushiwo isiginesha. Kuyini electronic isignesha digital? Kuyaqondakala njengoba zasesiteji ukubhala elifana Ulungise ngepeni obungangenhloko kakhanjana ephepheni, kodwa kuphela ngokusebenzisa olukhethekile lwe-computer ubuchule obuphezulu.

Injongo eyinhloko yogesi - isiqinisekiso ukuthi idokhumenti esasayinwa umuntu othize. Phakathi kwezinye izakhiwo ewusizo, okuyinto has a isignisha yezinombolo, - ubuqotho kamazisi, ukuntula kwayo izibuyekezo ukuze indlela phakathi Umthumeli nomemukeli.

Ukusebenzisa nesignesha digital

Kukuziphi izici Kusetshenziswa yogesi? Cishe efanayo isignesha ezivamile: e ukugeleza mbhalo phakathi izinhlangano, phakathi kwabamabhizinisi nohulumeni izakhiwo, kwezokuxhumana ezihilela ngabanye. It ihambisana nazo zonke izimfuneko ezingokomthetho okufanelekile izingxenye ezincane electronic ngokomthetho okulingana, okuyinto kwenziwa ngepeni obungangenhloko kakhanjana, futhi kwezinye izimo - kanye nabezindaba, esimweni izinhlangano ezingokomthetho.

Ukusetshenziswa i yogesi kuvamile kwamabhange: ngokwesibonelo, lapho ngemvume ohlelweni uhlobo "ebhange-iklayenti" ukubeka izindlela ezifanele ungubani umsebenzisi yomkhiqizo wezezimali. Ngosizo etholwe zezimali kanye sesikweletu iklayenti algorithm ngemvume Ama-oda lokukhokha, kwenza ezihlukahlukene izicelo kanye nezicelo.

Kwezinye izimo, le yogesi kubhekwa njengento zasesiteji ithembeke ngaphezu isiginesha, elenziwe ipeni obungangenhloko kakhanjana. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi kunzima kakhulu mbumbulu, kanye yokuthi ngosizo yogesi, njengoba sibonile ngenhla, kungenzeka ukuba uhlole ukuthi kukhona Unezinguquko kwaba efayeleni ukuthi ulayishe.

ERussia, ayaqala ukuba basakaze ikhadi jikelele ngogesi. Ngosizo lwabo, bangafeza inombolo enkulu yezenzo ezahlukene. Phakathi kwalabo - ukusayinwa amadokhumenti ku-intanethi. Kungenzeka kanjani lokhu? Ukuze usebenzise lesi sici UEC, udinga ukuthenga isifundi sekhadi esingu - idivayisi olukwazi idatha ukufunda kusuka ekhadini futhi uthumele nabo nge kuziteshi ekhethekile inthanethi. Kuyadingeka kulokhu ukusebenzisa idivayisi nge support for PC / SC ejwayelekile.

Isakhiwo yogesi

Kanjani yogesi? Kanjani lo mshini ubuqiniso imibhalo? elula kakhulu. yogesi ngokwayo - ke zasesiteji idokhumenti ezingase ukubeka phansi kuphela ngomunye umuntu (noma inhlangano). Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we olufanele okuyisihloko ngokutholakala nekhophi eyodwa insimbi ngayo nefunda ngayo yogesi ibekwe - ukhiye wangasese i yogesi. Ngokuvamile, kuba akekho omunye khona, njengoba nje kwaba njalo endabeni ne isampula eziyingqayizivele umbhalo wesandla somuntu, futhi lokho ukwenza ngepeni obungangenhloko kakhanjana. Kukutshela izinhlangano ezikhethekile - isitifiketi izikhungo. Lemisebenti ingaphindze eziqinisekiswe i-Ministry of Communications.

EDS ingafundwa usebenzisa ukhiye womphakathi, okwathi-ke, kungase zingatholakali kunoma iyiphi inombolo zabantu. Ukusebenzisa leli thuluzi, othola idokhumenti ukuze aqinisekise ukuthi ukuthi uthunyelwe futhi esisayinwe umthumeli ethize. Uma ukhiye womphakathi ayiboni isignesha ke ihlolwe akuyena umuntu okwakuphume kuyo dokhumenti ukuza.

isitifiketi ukhiye isignesha

Okuyisici esibalulekile idokhumenti - yogesi isitifiketi ukhiye. He is, njengoba umthetho, umthombo electronic idatha, equkethe ulwazi mayelana umthumeli wefayela. Isitifiketi kuqinisekisa ukuthi ukhiye ebamba umuntu evumelekile. Futhi, le dokhumenti iqukethe idatha eziyisisekelo mayelana umthumeli. isitifiketi esivumelekile, ngokuvamile 1 unyaka kusukela osukwini lokukhishwa kwaso. Elihambisana isignesha isici kungabuye Ubuyise ngesikhathi isinyathelo yomnikazi, isibonelo, esimweni uma elahlekelwa ukulawula ukhiye noma usola ukuthi wawela ezandleni ezingafanele. Imibhalo ukuthi izonikwa ngaphandle isitifiketi esivumelekile, abanalo amandla ngokomthetho.

Ngokombono kwezobuchwepheshe umbono, lo mshini lisebenzisa ifayela ukwabelana yogesi ngokuvamile lwenteke ngaphakathi imvelo isofthiwe. Okungukuthi, abangabantwana amafayela ithunyelwa futhi wathola ngefomethi ekhethekile ngosizo ezikhethekile isofthiwe esibonakalayo. Kungaba ingashintshwa, isibonelo, idokhumenti sphere entela noma ukwabelana amafayela phakathi izinkampani ezahlukene.

idokhumenti Universal ukuthumela nokwamukela uhlelo kude eRussia ngakho ayidaliwe, kodwa umsebenzi awukapheli. bewuqeda ngempumelelo. ukudala indawo software, okuyinto, ngemcondvo, bakwazi esikhundleni ngokuphelele idokhumenti iphepha, njengoba zonke izakhamuzi, kanye umbhalo wesandla somuntu siqu, ungakwazi bethela kunoma idokhumenti njengenhlangano yogesi. Empeleni, UEC ukuthuthukiswa - esinye sezinyathelo zokuqala kulesi siqondiso.

Kodwa kuze kube manje ukubeka yogesi usebenzisa ikhadi kungaba inani elilinganiselwe imithombo. Ngakho-ke, ukuqinisekisa electronic isignesha manje olwenziwa ezinhlelweni ezahlukene, futhi ukusebenzisa kwabo kuncike esivumelwaneni phakathi Umthumeli nomamukeli amadokhumenti.

Kungenzeka futhi, futhi ifayela ukwabelana interface ezifanele. Ngamunye idokhumenti kuleli cala, kungenziwa kulekelelwa ibhokisi lombhalo nge cipher esiyingqayizivele, okudaliwe usebenzisa ukhiye wangasese kanye umamukeli ofunda ifayela ngokusebenzisa evulekile. Lowo Mbhalo wangonyaka we kuzobhekwa ngesikhathi kuqondana ubuchule ohambelana, futhi uma nje isitifiketi, okuyinto sishilo ngenhla, isebenza.

Nokho, lo cipher okukhulunywa ngalo ngandlela-thile wadala isimiso esikhethekile. Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi yebo, abasebenzisi ingaqala owakho - futhi kuyobhekelwa ngokusemthethweni EDS, kodwa kulokhu-ke akudingekile ukuba ukhulume ezingeni ezanele idokhumenti nokuvikeleka. Esikhathini majors kuye ijwayele ukusethwa izidingo eziqondene nayo. Kanye nezikhungo zomphakathi. izici wafunda, okubonisa ezihlukahlukene yogesi kuye ngokuthi ezingeni nokuvikeleka ngokuningiliziwe.

Amazinga ezokuphepha EDS

Kungase kuqashelwe ukuthi ukuthumela amaphepha nge e-mail - lokhu ingenye okuhlukile nokuzibandakanya isignisha yezinombolo. Kulokhu sikhuluma ukusetshenziswa isignesha elula electronic. "Ukhiye" Its izenzo iphasiwedi ofakwa umthumeli. UMthetho Isignesha Electronic uyavuma ukuthi lolu hlobo yogesi kungaba ephawulekayo ngokomthetho, kodwa umkhuba komthetho akuyona njalo kulandelwa ukugcwaliseka kwalesi simo. Futhi lokhu kuyaqondakala: Iphasiwedi - kwakuthiwa - Ungafaka noma iliphi umuntu yaziwa, futhi azenze umthumeli.

Ngakho-ke, umthetho ofanayo electronic isignesha inquma ukuthi idokhumenti kungaba abathintekayo ephephile nge izinguqulo electronic. Phakathi kwalabo - kwagcizelela kanye nesiginesha afanelekayo electronic. Basikisela ukuthi zabanikazi kukhona esandleni evikelekile okhiye electronic, okuyinto okunzima kakhulu ukukopisha. Abakwazi kwenziwe njengoba elawulwa kude hlobo eToken ekhethekile - e ikhophi eyodwa. Ngaleli thuluzi, futhi isimiso esikhethekile umuntu ungathumela idokhumenti ngemvume ukuze ekhelini, ngubani bese usebenzisa ukhiye womphakathi ukuqinisekisa i yogesi, uzokwazi ukwenza umsuka lesifanele amafayela.

Ngokucacile nesignesha afanelekayo

Yini ehlukanisa ethuthukisiwe isignesha ngogesi abaqeqeshiwe? Nezobuchwepheshe, zingaba amathuluzi afana kakhulu nokusetshenziswa jikelele kufana ukubethela ubuchule obuphezulu. Kodwa endabeni ka-a electronic isitifiketi isignesha eziqinisekisayo isikhungo afanelekayo silungiselela wakhe (kusukela phakathi eziqinisekiswe i-Ministry of Communications). Lolu hlobo yogesi ubhekwa ephephile kakhulu futhi iningi okulingana isikhathi ngokuya ngokomthetho ukuze imininingwane esifanele idokhumenti, okuyinto ibekwe ngesandla ephepheni.

Isiginesha afanelekayo electronic liyadingeka ezimweni eziningi ngokuhamba ukuxhumana phakathi amabhizinisi nabantu ngabanye kusuka izinhlangano zikahulumeni, kanjalo nezidingo kumadokhumenti ukuhlonza anjalo zimo zokuxhumana kungaba zilandelwe ncamashi. Ethuthukisiwe yogesi kulokhu abanakwethenjwa ngaso sonke isikhathi ukubahlangabeza, ingasaphathwa Yiqiniso, isignesha elula electronic. Izitifiketi isitifiketi izikhungo bavame ukuncoma amakhasimende abo nge umbono best of software, okuyothi ngalo mbhalo usebenzisa isignisha yezinombolo.

Izinhlobo zabantu abasayina electronic

Ngakho, i-jikelele yogesi ukuthi ungayithola enye ngasiphi isignesha isikhathi ephepheni, Russia ongakabi athuthukile. Ngakho-ke, sixoxe amathuluzi okwethulwa anhlobonhlobo izinhlobo bazivumelanisa ezahlukene ifayela-ukwabelana okuhloswe. Cabanga amafomu ezivamile zokuxhumana, lapho yogesi kwemibhalo.

Popular yogesi adingekayo ukuze iqhaza izinhlangano commercial e indali ehlukahlukene ( "Sberbank-AST", "RTS-yamathenda"), kanye khona ukuhweba phansi, isibonelo, lezo ayingxenye Association of ETP. Kukhona isignesha ingashintshwa ukusebenza computer bankruptcies of izinhlangano ezingokomthetho futhi amaqiniso amaningi ahlobana nemisebenzi yabo.

On Gosuslugi.ru portal bonke ebhalisiwe unikezwe yogesi. amasevisi womphakathi, ngendlela lingatholakala ngaphambilini ikumodi inthanethi - asikho isidingo ubheke elilodwa noma kwenye idokhumenti ejensi ephepheni. Citizen inikeza uhlu olubanzi amasevisi, ungahlela ngisho ipasipoti inthanethi. Omunye ukuqaliswa hardware ongakhetha digital isignesha ukusetshenziswa Gosuslugi.ru portal - UEC, okuyinto sishilo ngenhla.

Kanjani ukuze uthole Isiginesha yedijithali

Ngenxa ukungabikho eRussia isakhiwo olubumbene Ukukhishwa jikelele yogesi, kukhona inani elikhulu izinkampani ezizimele ehilelekile Umklamo izingxenye ezincane electronic. Zibizwa ngokuthi, njengoba sibonile ngenhla, iziphathimandla isitifiketi. Lezi zinhlangano unayo izici ezilandelayo esemqoka:

- kokubhalisa abantu abadlali njengoba ngokomthetho esithi ukusebenza imibhalo at wasebenzisa EDS;

- ukukhiqiza isitifiketi yogesi;

- kwezinye izimo, ukunikeza ukuthumela ukuqinisekiswa amadokhumenti yogesi.

Ngakho, uma umuntu noma inkampani kuyinto isignisha yezinombolo, kubalulekile ukuya ezifanele isitifiketi segunya.

Imibhalo ngoba yogesi

Ingatholakala kanjani i yogesi kwenhlangano engokomthetho? Ngiyithola kanjani njengoba ithuluzi ibhizinisi ewusizo? Ngakho, isinyathelo sokuqala ukuba ukhethe igunya isitifiketi. Kungcono isicelo izakhiwo ukuthi basuke eziqinisekiswe i-zikahulumeni. Uhlu kulezi zinhlangano ingatholakala kwi-website ye-Ministry of Communications we Russian Federation - minsvyaz.ru.

Kufanele ihlinzeke igunya isitifiketi imibhalo eziyisisekelo ezilandelayo:

- kukhishwe ezincwadini;

- Bufakazi: sokubhalisa izinhlangano ezingokomthetho, phezu ukubhalisa ne-Federal Tax Service.

Lapho kuziwa enqubekeleni isignesha womuntu ikhanda kwenhlangano - wathi setha kwemibhalo kumele kulekelelwa ikhophi imizuzu ukuqokwa wokuba ngumqondisi jikelele kulesi sikhundla. Uma EDS uthola umsebenzi Ayibalwa ophakeme emizimbeni ebusayo yeNkampani, kubalulekile uku-oda ikhophi umsebenzi wakhe, kanye namandla ommeli. Ngokwemvelo, uzodinga ipasipoti SNILS onguchwepheshe.

Njengoba singabona, akusiyo inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi, lapho i yogesi ikhishwa ukuze ibe inhlangano engokomthetho. Kanjani ukuze uthole isignesha sedijithali usomabhizinisi ngabanye?

elula kakhulu. Uzodinga imibhalo eziyisisekelo ezilandelayo:

- kukhishwe kusukela EGRIP;

- Bufakazi: sokubhaliswa njengomsebenzi FE futhi ukubhaliswa ne-Federal Tax Service;

- ipasipoti;

- SNILS.

Uma EDS ufuna uthole umuntu ukuthi alikho isimo PI, umnikazi noma LLC ummeleli, konke ayekudinga ukuze ungenise tiTifiketi, - a TIN, ipasipoti kanye SNILS.

Ithola i-yogesi - inqubo ngokuvamile esikhathini esingeside kakhulu. isitifiketi izikhungo Abaningi alungele ukunikela eToken ukhiye noma Analogue yalo, kanye nomhlahlandlela ngokusetshenziswa zabantu abasayina electronic ngaphakathi kwamahora ambalwa ngemuva yokubhalisa isicelo ehambisana.

umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama Engokoqobo Yezindaba ukusebenza EDS

Safunda indlela yogesi ikhishwa ukuze ibe inhlangano engokomthetho, ukuthi ukuthola leli thuluzi. Manje ake sicabangele ezinye umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama esiphawulekayo ukusetshenziswa esiwusizo sokuba nezinto eziqondile yogesi.

Ngakho, le nhlangano kwemibhalo phakathi amafemu amabili noma ngaphezulu, kuba efiselekayo ukusebenzisa amasevisi kwabalamuli azosiza izinkampani ugweme amaphutha ifayela-ukwabelana, kanye ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana nazo zonke izimfuneko ezingokomthetho mayelana idatha yezokuxhumana. Phakathi okukhethwa best sokubhalisa ezivumelwaneni ezinjalo - isiphelo sesimiso izinkontileka adhesion, esinikela sihloko 428-th we Code Civil.

Lapho ukuhamba komsebenzi phakathi izinhlangano ezahlukene zikhuthazwa ukuba bamukele oda amafayela lokhu ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho ubuqiniso isignesha angeke kuchazwe. Ngokwesibonelo, kungenzeka, uma isitifiketi esiphelelwe yisikhathi lokusayina ukhiye electronic.

Ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko, sibuyekeze Ukwahlukaniswa yogesi, kuye ngezinga yokuvikela. Yiziphi izindlela ukusetshenziswa ngokufanele elula, olukhuthaziwe afanelekayo izingxenye ezincane electronic?

Uma inkampani enquma ukusebenzisa isignesha elula electronic uma ukushintshisana imibhalo nomunye inhlangano, khona-ke kuyadingeka ukuphothula isivumelwano ezengeziwe, ukulungisa indlela efanayo. Izivumelwano elihambisana kumele libonise imithetho ukucacisa kahle othumele idokhumenti nge e-mail futhi ngaleyo ndlela zibeke engozini isignesha elula electronic.

Uma kuziwa ukuhweba ngogesi, isignesha kufanele kwagcizelela (njengoba ubuncane) futhi athobele yokutholwa ezingeni elilodwa noma kwenye indawo ku-intanethi, zokuxhumana lapho efanayo.

Ukubika ejensi kahulumeni kumele kwenziwe kuphela uma usebenzisa i-isignesha ofanelekayo electronic. Uma sikhuluma esungula zabasebenzi buqamama (muva Code Labour ivumela lolu hlobo lokuxhumana), isignesha ofanelekayo ukuze kusetshenziswe inqubo.

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