Ibhuloho ngaphesheya koMfula Amur e Blagoveshchensk: ukwakhiwa, isithombe

Umlando ubuhlobo Chinese-Russian uyazi nezikhathi ubungani ukungathandi ashisayo nabandayo. Nokho, ukuxhumana phakathi uthi nabantu cishe akazange ayeke: ubohle, lwavutha, kodwa izimfuno nokubambisana ubelokhu ekhona. Kwakukhona kuphela esifushane, kahle ujantshi noma umgwaqo umzila phakathi zizwe ezimbili uthi angomakhelwane. Ukuphungula le nkinga kungaba isikhathi eside. Kusukela ekhulwini elidlule leminyaka kumenyezelwa isakhiwo international - ibhuloho ngaphesheya koMfula Amur e Blagoveshchensk. Futhi engu-omunye buthola umfutho, kanti "kwebhuloho sisekhona." Ibhizinisi wafakwa isinyathelo muva.

Wemisebenzi yokuqala

Ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho ngaphesheya koMfula Amur e Blagoveshchensk kwahlanganiswa zentuthuko we iBaikal esifundeni. Yena ngesineke kuze 2025. Ibhuloho yaqale ezihlongozwayo, ukuba ibhekisiswe 1995. Futhi nakuba sivunyiwe, ukuqaliswa engakaze eyenziwa eminyakeni ezahlukene. Ngo-1998, ezenzakalelayo iphutha, ukwabiwa uxhaso wayekwa. Mayelana nodaba emuva ngo-2005, kodwa-Ministry of Economic Development and Trade akayivumanga ukwakhiwa. Isimo somnotho liyadingeka ukuze kulungiswe lolu daba. Futhi kuye emuva ngo-2014.

Ukunqamula

Kusukela 2012, ukuntuleka ukuxhumana okuqondile kulinganiswe ibhuloho pontoon , ezisebenza ngokungabi bikho navigation Amur (ngasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo nekwindla). Ukwakhiwa ongamelana hhayi kuphela ukunyakaza ngezinyawo futhi abagibeli kodwa futhi nempahla. Ebusika, ngemva kokumiswa ifemu iqhwa Ukunqamula kwenzeka ngokusebenzisa iqhwa lase-Amur. Ezinyangeni lapho umfula aye enkantolo ukuya China kungaba endleleni dlula, nge ubude ayizinkulungwane 3.5 amakhilomitha.

Ukusayina ezinhle

Ibhuloho ngaphesheya koMfula Amur e Blagoveshchensk, wathola isimo luhlobo Kuhlelwe 2014. Ukudalulwa kokuhlomula Inhloso esisayinwe O. Kozhemyako (Governor lase-Amur Region) kanye Lu Hao (Inhloko yesifundazwe Chinese Heihe) ngesikhathi Expo Russian-Chinese. Ngo-July 2014 izinhlangothi ezimbili kuhlelwe ukunquma usuku ukwakhiwa.

Emhlanganweni we ngokuhlanganyela iqembu Russian-Chinese sokuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda yezokuthutha, owawusedolobheni Hangzhou yesibili, kuye kwaba khona isivumelwano on ukuthuthukisa imiqulu umhlahlo womgwaqo, ezizohlinzeka ibhuloho ngaphesheya koMfula Amur e Blagoveshchensk. 2015 kwaba iphuzu ukuqala i nesifundo esinzulu ngamathemba nokusayinwa izivumelwano zesikhashana.

Ngokwe-mbono yokuqala, ibhuloho ngaphesheya koMfula Amur e Blagoveshchensk, eklanyelwe ukuxhuma kwala mazwe womabili kufanele tihambisane ngoba ukudlula imigwaqo emikhulu nojantshi bezitimela ezokuthutha. Futhi kule izinhlelo Ikhasino kumakwe. Isigaba sokuqala ukwakhiwa uxhuma imibuso emibili engxenyeni yezimoto ngayo leli bhuloho. Ukudalulwa kokuhlomula ngenhloso wawuthi ukwakhiwa bekumele uqale ehlobo lika-2016.

ingqalasizinda

Imali ephelele yale lonke isakhiwo Kulinganiselwa ngochwepheshe in inani ruble 19 bhiliyoni. Lwabalandeli luzonikelwa ngokuhlanganyela ibhizinisi Russian-Chinese, okuyinto wathola boleko amabhange Chinese ukuvuthwa engaphezu kwengu-20. Ngenxa isiqinisekiso ilungelo imbuyiselo nokubekwa ukushaja toll ku kwebhuloho.

I loan sathathwa ukuze kwakhiwe ingxenye Russian isakhiwo. China uye wakha ingxenye yayo ngokusebenzisa nokuxhaswa komphakathi. Inani ingxenye Russian ukwakhiwa kuyinto ruble 14 bhiliyoni. Esikhathini Amur Isifunda kufanele kubekwe two-thirds kwebhuloho esizayo. Ingqalasizinda ka lonke eziyinkimbinkimbi izobandakanya:

• The main ingxenye luhlobo, okuyisona komngcele China.
• Crossing iphuzu ukubaluleka ngamazwe.
• yokugibela lapho kuqoqwa khona.
• isiqhingi Verhnekanikurgansky lapho indlela mgwaqo ifakwe.
• Bridges ngaphesheya komsele Kanikurganskuyu.
• Road impambano-mgwaqo ebhange kwesokunxele ngesiduli ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo Highway Zarechnyi-Muravevka-Konstantinovka.
• I-level ezimbili okuhlangana umgwaqo ezimpambanweni zomgwaqo omkhulu ukubaluleka federal "Indawo yokungena Blagoveshchensk". Futhi endleleni "Ukufinyelela Vladimirovka" futhi izindlela yokuxhuma Blagoveshchensk futhi Gomelevku.
• Ukufinyelela ingxenye ithrekhi. Iqala eslphambanweni kwebhuloho kokuwela umgwaqo omkhulu oxhumanisa umuzi emzini Blagoveshchensk Grodekovo. Futhi elula ngaphambi kokujoyina federal umgwaqo "Indawo yokungena Blagoveshchensk" phezu ikhilomitha 114th emendweni "Amur".

LLC "Institute Giprostroymost" ukwakhiwa kanye inhlolovo umsebenzi wokwakha ababulawa umnyango Amur. Ukwakhiwa kwakufanele kuqale ngoJulayi 2016. Into ukulethwa kuhlelelwe 2019 st.

Imigomo wathutha

Ngokusho kwemibiko emaphephandabeni, waphinda ekuqaleni umsebenzi kushintshile. Isizathu kwaba ukuthi kunesidingo sokusungula igatsha ibhizinisi Russian-Chinese, ihlelwe ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho. Lokhu unolwazi uhulumeni Alexander Kozlov-East Economic Forum.

Wakhuluma ngesimo lapho okwamanje kuyinto elihlanganisa ngaphesheya koMfula Amur e Blagoveshchensk. Ngo-2016, e ikota zalo zokugcina, kufanele kumakwe ekupheleni esiteji ukwamukelwa design and imibhalo ukulinganisela. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bazohlolwa iphakheji kwezitho imibhalo isimo Luhlolo. Umsebenzi ku ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho uzoqala ngokushesha ngemuva kokuphothulwa ikomidi uchwepheshe futhi izothatha ngekota yokuqala ka-2019.

Elilinganiswayo emnothweni

Enye yezinkinga ezinkulu esifundeni Far Eastern iyona yokuntuleka kwengqalasizinda. Ngenxa inqubomgomo ezengeziwe intela izintandokazi buthakathaka ruble, ukukhiqizwa kule ndawo isibe yokuncintisana ukuze wayekhona kuqala kwezinye izinto ezinkampanini Chinese. Okwamanje, i-inzuzo izimpahla phakathi kwalawa mazwe amabili esifundeni amathani angaba yizinkulungwane 300. Thuthukisa lezi izinkomba posodeystvuet ibhuloho ngaphesheya koMfula Amur e China. Blagoveshchensk - idolobha endaweni lapho ukwakhiwa siyovivinywa esimweni engumakhelwane. It kuzokhulisa sibalo cishe 3 amathani ayizigidi ezingu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, it is ihlelelwe ukuzuza:

1. Ngu 2040, okwandisa nomthamo ekuvaleni abantu abayizigidi ezingu-3 kanye ezingaphezu kuka-6 million amathani wezimpahla.
2. Elilinganiswayo womgwaqo, ezizohlinzeka ibhuloho ngaphesheya koMfula Amur e Blagoveshchensk e 2035 ngeke azisizi ezingaphezu kuka 8,5 ayizinkulungwane izimoto ngosuku. Iningi izimoto, mayelana 92%, inani lemali yezimpahla.
3. Izinga okulindeleke eziqoqwayo ku 2040 kuya isabelomali sikahulumeni ruble ezingaphezu kuka-8 million, kusho wendawo - ezingaphezu kuka-4 million.
4. amabhizinisi Industrial olubaluleke zendawo nezikazwelonke alindele nokwehlisa Logistics kubiza by 25-30%, ngisho abanesifiso ukukhula izindleko zokuthutha kubangelwa ukwanda ukufunwa ngemgwaco.

Lezi kanye nezinye izinguquko omuhle ukuletha kwebhuloho ngaphesheya koMfula Amur e Blagoveshchensk. Izithombe ukuqala kokwakhiwa kwaqala ukubonakala nabezindaba. Umphumela omuhle kancane zithathelwe imithetho ekhona amasiko sivumelwano. Ngokusho kwabo, Russian wezimpahla izinqola kungavunyelwe ukunyakaza on ensimini yase-China. Ngakho-ke, umthwalo nhlangothi zombili zomngcele kufanele ligcinwe ngaso ukudlulisela amaphuzu. Ohulumeni lamazwe nokucabangela ukuthi kungenzeka ekushintsheni nemibandela yesivumelwano esivuna a yokuncishiswa.

Ibhuloho samaJuda. Autonomous Region

Ehlobo lika-2013, ngemva kweminyaka eyishumi izingxoxo, kwathiwa yasayina isivumelwano esivumela ukwakha enye ibhuloho eChina. Lokhu into ukuxhuma eRussia China Nizhneleninskoye phakathi emzaneni nomuzi Tongjiang. Izinsolo ezithi kwebhuloho ngaphesheya koMfula Amur e Blagoveshchensk isigamu-wakha, ibonisa kuphela ingxenye iqiniso. Isigamu ohlangothini Chinese yakhiwe bridge kusuka Tongjiang. Ohlangothini isiRashiya, edolobhaneni Nizhneleninskoye nje waqala umsebenzi.

Kwezinyanga ezimbalwa nje ngemva kokuthola imvume yesivumelwano e China waqala ukwakhiwa ingxenye yayo isakhiwo. Ngesikhashana nje e 1755 metres kwebhuloho ujantshi Yakhiwa, kukhona izinsika 17 lapho baphumule 16 nezipani. Ngesikhathi esifanayo ohlangothini Russian ukuba babe nezinkinga nge ngezimali kanye nokuntuleka usonkontileka for ukwakhiwa.

Ukusabela Russian

Ngo-2015, isimo uye savela nezimali ngokwengxenye eyisibambiso kusukela Development Fund zaseMpumalanga Ekude. Inani lizwakalise ruble 2.5 billion. Ukwakhiwa usonkontileka uzolifeza UCSC "Ibhuloho". Ngokusho kwemibiko yamuva abezindaba, obeka isisekelo ingxenye Russian of ukuthuthwa kwebhuloho senzeka Februwari 26, 2016. Injongo eyinhloko ukwakhiwa esizayo - imikhiqizo akhishelwe khona Kimkano-Sutarskoye GOK eChina. Umqulu ulwazi lokuthi uhleleni - abayizigidi ezingu 8.3 amathani ngonyaka.

traffic Okulindelekile phezu kwebhuloho Kuhlelwe inani amathani wezimpahla kwezigidi ezingu-21 phakathi nonyaka. Connections ngemuva kokuqala ukuthuthukisa ubudlelwano phakathi China futhi eziningi izifunda Russian: i Magadan esifundeni, eKhabarovsk futhi ekhoneni. Ohlangothini Russian wesitimela izixhumanisi lizonamathiselwa le sesitimela Trans-Siberian. Imali ephelele yale ukwakhiwa ingaphezu $ 400 million. Ukugcwaliswa nokubeka kwebhuloho kuhlelelwe 2019.

izinzuzo esizayo

Ngokusho imiphumela zokugcina ngo-2015, Russian-Chinese ukuhweba inzuzo kwehle futhi zaba 69 dollar ayizigidi eziyinkulungwane. Lena eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-20 ngaphansi kuka esikhathini esedlule. Against ngemuva lokwehliswa yohwebo izibalo ukubaluleka kwezomnotho amabhuloho akuyona njengoba ezibucayi njengoba ekwakhiweni ngesikhatsi sekuhlela. Eminyakeni ezayo yokuwela Cupid uyokhonza ukuthuthukiswa kwengqalasizinda kuphela umngcele ezifundeni Russia nase China kanye nezindawo ezingomakhelwane ukwandisa inzuzo.

Ukwakhiwa ukuxhumana phakathi amazwe esithathwayo ngaphansi kolawulo isimo. I yagxila ukunakwa kwaba ukwakhiwa kwebhuloho ngaphesheya koMfula Amur e Blagoveshchensk. manje isithombe ukukhuthazwa isebenza ivele njalo cindezela bese atshengisa ukukhuphuka emsebenzini. Today umemezele izindleko ezilinganiselwa ukweqa kwebhuloho Russian-Chinese. Intengo ikhambo umgibeli ngamunye kuyoba mayelana 307 ruble ngoba nempahla - ruble 368 ngethani.