Isikhathi sokuphila kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu nezilwane

Amangqamuzana abomvu egazi abizwa ngokuthi amaseli, ogama indima ukuthutha umoya-mpilo ne-carbon dioxide. Ngo abantu nezilwane ezincelisayo kuyinto izakhi zenuzi-free okwenyanga okuyinto akhiwa abomvu umnkantsha. Ekwenteni umsebenzi walo, ziba umonakalo more and more. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abakwazi ukuthola i-, ukushintshwa noma sikhubazekile, zibhujiswe.

Inqubo nolokubhujiswa erythrocyte

Ngenxa khona zemvelo cell ukuguga indlela erythrocyte ukuphila isikhathi ezingu-120. Lesi isikhathi isilinganiso lapho amaseli bayakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi walo. Nakuba kwakuthiwa erythrocyte angase afe futhi ngokushesha ngemva kokushiya umnkantsha. Isizathu - umonakalo mechanical ezivukayo, isibonelo, isikhathi eside ibanga imashi noma ukuhlukumezeka. Khona-ke ukwehluleka kwenzeka noma hematoma, noma ngaphakathi ezitsheni.

Inqubo yemvelo yokubhubha, okuyinto ulawula isikhathi sokuphila kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu, senzeka ubende. iseli Macrophage Kutholakale inombolo encane receptor, okusho ukuthi babe eside afundwa kakhulu igazi noma ube ukulimala okukhulu. Khona-ke isici okwenyanga kugaywe yi macrophage, ohlukanisa i-heme (yensimbi ion) ingxenye amaprotheni ka-hemoglobin. Metal elithunyelwa emuva kuze kuyofika emnkantsheni wethambo, lapho iseli idluliselwa Reticulated fissile proerythroblast.

Izici lempilo erythrocyte womuntu

Ngekucabanga, isilinganiso sobude bokuphila kwamaseli womuntu abomvu kungaba ngokungenamkhawulo enkulu ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Okokuqala, kufanele kube khona ukumelana mechanical phakathi kwegazi. Okwesibili, amangqamuzana egazi abomvu ngokwabo musa deform. Nokho, esegazini lomuntu mibandela azikwazi ukuhlangabezwa.

Lapho sidlula izitsha abomvu egazi, bakwazi ukumelana imithelela amaningi. Ngenxa yalokho, ubuqotho ulwelwesi yabo iphazamiseke, abanye obonakele ebusweni yokwamukela amaprotheni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, akukho nuclei erythrocyte futhi organelles senzelwe biosynthesis amaprotheni. Kusho wathola cell engaphelele ngeke ibuyiselwe. Ngenxa yalokho, ama-macrophage we ubende "catch" inani elincane lamaseli ne-receptor (okusho ukuthi sekuyisikhathi eside iseli lalikhona igazi futhi kungenzeka lilimele kakhulu) futhi awabhubhise.

Isidingo ukuqeda "yobudala" kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu

Langempela sokuphila erythrocyte lomuntu liwumsebenzi eziyi-120. Phakathi nale nkathi lapho ethola sebuningini izilonda, ngenxa okuyinto ukwanda okusheshayo yamagesi ngokusebenzisa ulwelwesi siphukile. Ngoba amangqamuzana ngokuya negesi lokushintshisana iba ayisasebenzi. Futhi "amadala" amangqamuzana abomvu egazi - amaseli akusazinzile. ulwelwesi wabo ungase igoqe ngokuqondile egazini. Umphumela walokhu uyoba ukuthuthukiswa izindlela ezimbili sokugembula.

Okokuqala, ukukhululwa elithwala umoya-mpilo, okuyokwenza emgudwini wegazi, kuyinto metalloproteins okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngaphandle zemvelo ukuvutshelwa inqubo involution kwendaba, lapho ngokuvamile singenzeka kuphela macrophage ubende, amaprotheni iba yingozi kubantu. It uyowela izinso, okungase kulimaze-apharathasi glomerular. Umphumela uyoba zavela kancane kancane yokwehluleka kwezinso.

ISIBONELO ekubhujisweni zokucabanga okubangelwa isifo erythrocyte

Kuncike ekutheni kancane kancane ingene egazini ziyowa ezinye inani erythrocyte, i-hemoglobin lokuhlushwa egazini cishe njalo. Ngakho, izinso zilimele kakhulu, unomphela futhi ngokuqhubekayo. Kungobe kunalamanye value, kungani amangqamuzana abomvu egazi kwakheke kusengaphambili, akuyona kuphela ukususwa amafomu "amadala", nokuvimbela nokubhujiswa kwabo egazini.

By endleleni, isibonelo anobuthi lesion metalloproteins angabona ngokucacile ngesibonelo wayichoboza syndrome. Lapha, esiningi myoglobin (izinto eduze kakhulu elithwala umoya-mpilo isakhiwo nokwenza) ingena egazini imisipha ngenxa necrosis. It umonakalo nezinso kuholele lezo zitho zomzimba eziningi. Endabeni-hemoglobin kufanele balindele nomphumela ofanayo. Ngoba kubalulekile ngokokuqala umzimba ukuqeda amaseli "abavuthiwe ', amangqamuzana abomvu ke isikhathi ekuphileni kwisilinganiso esibekiwe sika-eziyi-120. Futhi yini esingayifunda uthi ngezilwane?

Sokuphila abomvu egazi ashaye izilwane

Ezilwaneni amakilasi ezahlukene egazi zihlukile. Ngoba konke ukuphila kwabo futhi ezahlukene kusukela womuntu. Kodwa uma sithatha njengesibonelo ezincelisayo, kukhona izinto eziningi ezifanayo. Red corpuscles igazi ezincelisayo cishe iyafana womuntu. Ngakho, isikhathi empilweni amangqamuzana egazi abomvu mayelana efanayo.

Kuhlukile e eziphila emanzini nasezweni, ezihuquzelayo, inhlanzi kanye nezinyoni. Bonke e egazi abomvu has i-nucleus. Ngakho, abazi abanalo ikhono lokukhulumisana synthesize amaprotheni, nakuba lokhu impahla akuyona into ebaluleke kakhulu kubo. Ibaluleke kakhulu ngaphezu ikhono alulame receptor yabo futhi umonakalo. Ngoba isilinganiso sobude bokuphila kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu e isilwane inkudlwana kunendoda. Uma kunokwenzeka ngokwezimo lingaphezulu, kunzima ukuphendula, ngoba ziye izifundo nge amaseli esinelebuli kwenziwe njengoba ezingadingekile.

Ukubaluleka ucwaningo e abantu

Kuze kube muva nje, ngokwazi ukuthi isikhathi sokuphila abomvu egazi ashaye igazi ezingu-120, akaphinda wamsiza nomsebenzi wezokwelapha. Nokho, emva kuvulwa i-hemoglobin ikhono ukuhlanganisa uxhumano nomsebenzisi izinto ezithile, amathuba amasha. Ikakhulukazi, manje kugcwele indlela yokunquma -hemoglobin glycated. Inikeza ulwazi igazi indlela okusezingeni eliphezulu glucose ezingeni anda zokugcina izinyanga ezintathu. Lokhu kusiza kakhulu sitholakele ngifundise ngesifo sikashukela, njengoba ikuvumela ukuba wazi kanjani senyukela igazi glucose.