Isikhova i-great bomculo we-classic: uhlu engcono. abaqambi Russian classical

abaqambi Classical eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke. igama ngalinye ungungqondongqondo zomculo - ubuntu esiyingqayizivele emlandweni isiko.

Kuyini umculo we-classic

, Adalwe abalobi abanamakhono, okuyinto ubizwa kufanele ngokuthi bomculo we-classic imiculo ebukekayo - Classical Music. imisebenzi wawo ahlukile futhi luyohlale ziphoqa umculi kanye isilaleli. Classical, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ngokuthi esiqinile, glubokosoderzhatelnuyu umculo, akuhlobene izindawo: rock, jazz, wendabuko, pop, chanson, njll Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ekuthuthukiseni zomlando lomculo kwesikhathi sokuphela XIII - ekuqaleni XX leminyaka, ebizwa ngokuthi .. classicism.

izingqikithi Classical kuhluke ithoni sublime, intuthuko, ezihlukahlukene imibala nokuzwana. Sinenkosi nethonya elihle bezibona ngokomzwelo zomhlaba abantu abadala kanye nezingane.

Izigaba yentuthuko umculo classic. Izici emfushane futhi izakhi ezibalulekile ezenziwe yileli

Emlandweni umculo we-classic, ungakwazi ukuhlonza izinyathelo:

• Renaissance noma Renaissance - 14 ekuseni - ngekota yokugcina yekhulu le-16. ESpain naseNgilandi ngesikhathi Renaissance waqhubeka kwaze kwaba ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17.
• Baroque - Renaissance wafika shift, wadonsa kwaze kwaba ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu le-18. Spain laliyisikhungo isitayela.
• Classicism - kwenkathi ukuthuthukiswa isiko European kusukela 18th ekuseni kuya ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19.
• Romanticism - kolunye uhlangothi of classicism. Lo mbuso waqhubeka ubusa kuze kube maphakathi nekhulu le-19.
• Classics kwekhulu lama-20 - enkathini yesimanje.

izici emfushane futhi letigaba letibalulekile teluhlelo izinkathi kwamasiko

1. Renaissance - inkathi ende ukuthuthukiswa kuzo zonke izindawo isiko. Abaqambi Yenguquko - Tomass Tallis, uGiovanni da Palestine, TL de Victoria futhi akhiwa imisebenzi okungenakufa kwesokunxele inzalo.

2. Baroque - kule nkathi, kunezinhlobo entsha umculo: Polyphony, opera. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi qamba dalo wakhe odumile abaqambi omkhulu classical Bach, Handel, Vivaldi. fugues Bach Akhiwa ngokuhambisana nezidingo classical: saziso imithetho nokuhambisana.

3. Classicism. SaseVienna bomculo we-classic, wadala imisebenzi yabo okungenakufa kwenkathi classical: uHaydn, Mozart, Beethoven. Kubonakala ifomu sonata, kwandisa orchestra. Mozart kanye uHaydn zihlukile kwemisebenzi esindayo Bach ukwakhiwa elula amashuni esihle. Kwakusekude zakudala, abalwela ukungawenzi amaphutha. imisebenzi Beethoven sika - iyona umugqa lokuxhumana izitayela romantic and classical. Esikhathini umculo Ludwig Van Bethovena Ukwanelisa inkanuko nentshiseko ezingaphezu kuka canons okunengqondo. Thina ukugqamisa lezi izinhlobo ezibalulekile efana symphony, sonata, i-suite, opera. Beethoven wanika avuke isikhathi romantic.

4. Romanticism. izingoma zomculo libhekene colorfulness, idrama. Kwakheka izinhlobo ezehlukene ingoma, isib, bezingoma. imisebenzi Uthole ukunconywa ngenxa yokubheka upiyano by Liszt futhi Chopin. isiko zothando ngofuzo Tchaikovsky, Wagner, Schubert.

5. Classic XX leminyaka - libhekene isifiso komlobi ukusungula kutsha, yimiphi imigomo: aleatory, atonalizm. Imisebenzi Stravinsky, Rachmaninoff, Glass libhekisela ifomethi zakudala.

abaqambi Russian classical

Tchaikovsky PI - umqambi Russian, umculo umhlaziyi, isishoshovu social, uthisha kanye umqhubi. ngokubhala lakhe elisebenzisekayo kakhulu. Ziyakwazi ngobuqotho, kulula ukubona ukuthi iyini, libonise okwakhe esankondlo umphefumulo isiRashiya, izithombe amahle bemvelo Russian. Umqambi wadala 6 ballets, 10 opera, engaphezu kwekhulu iculo, 6 umculo wezinsimbi. Akwaziwa emhlabeni ballet emhlabeni "Swan Lake", the opera "Eugene Onegin", "I-albhamu Wezingane".

SV Rachmaninov - imisebenzi umqambi ovelele ngokomzwelo futhi bejabule, kanti ezinye - okuqukethwe okukhulu. izinhlobo yabo zahlukahlukene: kusukela izingcezu ezincane amakhonsathi kanye opera. imisebenzi emhlabeni baqaphela umbhali: opera "I Miserly Knight", "Aleko" ku inkondlo Pushkin esithi "amaGypsy", "Francesca da Rimini" kwendaba, othathwe "Divine Comedy," inkondlo Dante esithi "Izinsimbi"; suite "Dances Symphonic"; upiyano concertos; Vocalise izwi nge upiyano ihambisana.

Borodin AP Yena wayengumbulali umqambi, uthisha, umthaki wemithi, udokotela. Ukudalwa eziphawuleka kakhulu - opera "Prince Igor" ngesikhathi umsebenzi zomlando "The Tale of Campaign Igor sika", eyabhalwa umlobi cishe engu-18 edlule. Phakathi nokuphila Borodin akazange abe nesikhathi ukuwuqeda, ngemva kokufa kwakhe, the opera eseqedile ukubhala A. Glazunov noN Rimsky-Korsakov. Umqambi mkhulu umsunguli quartets zakudala umculo wezinsimbi eRussia. Umvuthwandaba kazwelonke symphony nobuqhawe global futhi Russian kubhekwa "Warriors" wezinsimbi. ekamelweni wezinsimbi, quartets lokuqala nelesibili neyaziwayo oluvelele. Omunye yethulwa ngo zothando izibalo nobuqhawe izincwadi Old Russian.

abaculi enkulu

Mussorgsky MP, mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinhlelo singasho - lena umqambi enkulu, umuntu okholelwa entweni ekhona okwangempela, a Innovator ngokugqamile ezithinta izinkinga ostrosotsialnye, wopiyano omkhulu futhi umculi emangalisayo. Imisebenzi ebalulekile kunazo zomculo kukhona opera "Boris Godunov" ngemisebenzi okukhulu NJENGOBA Pushkin futhi "Khovanshchina" - abantu zomculo idrama, umlingiswa oyinhloko we-opera - abantu sokuvukela kwezakhi nomphakathi; lokudala umjikelezo "Isithombe i-Exhibition", liphefumulelwe imisebenzi Hartmann.

MI Glinka - umqambi wezingoma odumile waseRussia, umsunguli we mkhuba classical e isiko Russian zomculo. Waqeda inqubo yokudala isikole bomculo isiRashiya, esekelwe amanani Folk nomculo okhokhelwayo. imisebenzi yenkosi igcwele uthando ngokuba lawobaba, libonise orientation ngemibono abantu bangaleso sikhathi zomlando. Umhlaba adumile abantu idrama "Ivan Susanin" kanye opera-tale "Ruslan futhi ULyudmila" babé izitayela ezintsha kule opera Russian. Symphonic isebenza "Kamarinskaya 'futhi' Overture Spanish" by Glinka - ngesisekelo symphony Russian.

Rimsky-Korsakov NA - abanamakhono umqambi Russian, umkhuzi wamabutho asolwandle, uthisha kanye isikhulumi. Encwadini yakhe ethi kuyofikwa ukusakaza amabili: zomlando ( "uMlobokazi I Tsar sika," "I Maid of Pskov") futhi kumnandi ( "Sadko", "I Snow Maiden" suite "Scheherazade"). Isici esiphawulekayo umqambi sika imisebenzi: ungubani, uthathelwe amagugu classical, homophony ekwakhiweni harmonic imisebenzi ekuqaleni. Ezincwadini zakhe wesandla kombhali: uhlobo izixazululo wezinsimbi eyakhiwe izikolo vocal ngokungavamile, kukhona eziyisisekelo.

abaqambi Russian classical wafuna ukubonisa imisebenzi yabo esingokwemvelo ukucabanga engqondweni yethu zesizwe kanye zamasiko.

isiko European

bomculo abadumile classical Mozart, uHaydn, Beethoven behlala enhloko-dolobha ye-isiko umculo langaleso sikhathi - Vienna. Geniuses ihlanganisa ukusebenza oyingcweti, kakhulu izixazululo compositional, ukusetshenziswa izitayela ezahlukene zomculo: kusukela abantu amashuni nokuthuthukiswa polyphonic themes zomculo. Ukuze zabuna enkulu eyinqaba esibanzi umsebenzi wokudala bokusungula, zamakhono, ukuzwakala ekwakhiweni amafomu zomculo. imisebenzi yabo organically ahlanganiswa ingqondo nemizwelo, izingxenye nezikulu yamahlaya, kalula futhi Thrift.

Beethoven futhi uHaydn nethonya ukuba izingoma wezinsimbi, Mozart ngobuciko wakwazi ukugcina imisebenzi kokubili operatic kanye wezinsimbi. Beethoven khona umdali okungenakuqhathaniswa imisebenzi nobuqhawe uHaydn baziswa futhi isetshenziswe ngempumelelo ngemisebenzi amahlaya, abantu uhlobo Valais, Mozart kwaba umqambi-Rounder.

Mozart - ungumdali wezinsimbi sonata ifomu. Beethoven phelelisa it, alethwe okungenakuqhathaniswa eziphakeme. SaseVienna isikhathi classical kwakuyinkathi yokululama ukuchuma quartet. Haydn, kulandele Beethoven futhi Mozart, ligalelo lelikhulu ekuthuthukiseni lolu hlobo.

amakhosi Italian

Dzhuzeppe Verdi - i umculi ovelele kwekhulu le-19, ithuthukiswe bendabuko opera Italy. Nge ubuciko lihle. Umvuthwandaba ubhala yakhe opera steel "Il Trovatore," "La Traviata", "Othello", "Aida".

Niccolò Paganini - wazalelwa e Nice, omunye kakhulu onamakhono Musically abantu 18-19 eminyaka. violin Virtuoso. Ngibhale Caprices, Sonatas, quartets ngoba violin, guitar, viola kanye cello. Wabhala concertos ngoba violin futhi weqembu lomculo wezinsimbi.

Dzhoakkino Rossini - benza ekhulwini le-19. Umbhali umculo ngokomoya futhi ekamelweni, uye sakhiwa 39 opera. imisebenzi Ezivelele - "The Barber waseSeville," "Othello," "Cinderella," "I Thieving Magpie", "Semiramide".

Antonio Vivaldi - omunye abameleli elikhulu violin art kwekhulu le-18. Ayedumile sibonga concertos yakhe wezinsimbi. Umsebenzi edume kunazo - 4 violin Concerto "The Four Seasons". Waphila impilo ethelayo ngokuphawulekayo yokudala, wabhala 90 opera.

Famous Italian umqambi classical washiya nasledenie okuphakade zomculo. Yabo cantatas, Sonatas, Serenades, umculo wezinsimbi, opera eziyojatshulelwa angaphezu kwelilodwa isizukulwane.

Izici umculo ukujabulela ingane

Ukulalela umculo ezinhle omuhle kuthinta ukuthuthukiswa psycho-ngokomzwelo wengane, izazi zokusebenza kwengqondo yezingane uthi. Umculo omnandi inamathela art bese lwakha ukunambitheka yobuhle, ngakho-ke cabanga othisha.

Imisebenzi eminingi odumile bomculo we-classic wadala izingane, ikhumbula Psychology zabo, ukuqonda futhi imininingwane ubudala, isb. E. Ukuze ngeyokuzwa, kanti ezinye namaculo of imvuthu ekusebenziseni izingcezu ezahlukene, ukulalela lula futhi ngobuchwepheshe atholakale kubo.

"I-albhamu Wezingane" Tchaikovsky I-bopiyano abasha. Lo mshana albhamu-ukuzinikezela Davydov, VL, owayethanda umculo eseyingane onamakhono kakhulu. Iqoqo lokudlalwayo engaphezu kwengu-20, ezinye zazo zisekelwe temdzabu: izisusa Neapolitan, umdanso isiRashiya, Tyrolean kanye melody French. Iqoqo "Izingoma Wezingane" Tchaikovsky eyenzelwe bezibona sokuzwa of izilaleli zezingane. Izingoma isimo sokulindela okuhle entwasahlobo, izinyoni, ingadi zezimbali ( "ingadi yami"), mayelana ububele kaKristu noNkulunkulu ( "UJesu wayazi kahle ingadi ingane").

zabuna Wezingane

Ezinganeni wasebenza bomculo eziningi zakudala, uhlu imikhiqizo engama zahlukahlukene kakhulu.

SS Prokofiev "UPetru kanye Wolf" - inganekwane Symphonic izingane. Ngenxa yalesi inganekwane, izingane baziswa zomculo we lomculo wezinsimbi. Umbhalo yezinganekwane abhalwa Prokofiev.

R. Schumann "Scenes kusukela Ebuntwaneni" - a izindaba ezincane zomculo ne indzaba lelula, libhalelwe ukuba abaculi omdala, izinkumbulo ebuntwaneni.

Cycle for upiyano by Debussy, i- "Corner Wezingane".

M. Ravel "Mother Goose" by Charles Perrault inganekwane.

Bartok B. "Izinyathelo lokuqala upiyano."

Imijikelezo Esekela izingane S. Gavrilova "Ukuze nabancane"; "Amaqhawe inganekwane"; "Abafana abancane ku."

D. Shostakovich "I-albhamu ka-upiyano izingcezu izingane."

JS Bach "Notebook Anna Magdalena Bach". Ukufundisa izingane zabo umculo, dala them play akhethekile umsebenzi sokuthuthukisa amakhono obuchwepheshe.

J. uHaydn - the sikakhokho we symphony classical. He qamba umculo ekhethekile enesihloko esithi "Izingane". Amathuluzi ezisetshenzisiwe: ubumba Nightingale, umsindo, cuckoo - bafake umsindo ongajwayelekile kobuntwana futhi abadelelayo.

Saint-Saëns C. yasungulwa fantasy for orchestra Amaphiyano ezimbili ngaphansi kwegama "Carnival WEZILWANE", okusho ukuthi umculo masterfully wadlulisela clucking yezikhukhukazi, le kwengonyama, indlovu kanye ngabandayo ka yindlela yakhe ukunyakaza, nefukezi touchingly ngomusa.

Ukubhala izingoma izingane nentsha, abaqambi omkhulu classical wanakekela ezithakazelisayo storylines umsebenzi, ukutholakala impahla, kucatshangelwa nobudala okuhlongozwayo ngomculi noma olalele.