Isikhumbuzo seTatischev ne-Gennin, e-Ekaterinburg: amaqiniso omlando

Emfuleni i-Iset, idolobha lasungulwa isikhathi eside kakhulu, elaba yidolobha elikhulu elibizwa ngokuthi i-Ekaterinburg (elakade liyiSverdlovsk, kusukela ngo-1924 kuya ku-1991), elibizwa ngegama eliyinhloko ye-Urals. Namhlanje inani laso labantu mayelana nabantu abayizigidi ezilodwa nesigamu. Ukuhlonipha ukuguqulwa emiphakathini yamasiko nezombusazwe yama-Urals, okwaholela ekusungulweni kwedolobha, isikhumbuzo sakhiwa eTatischev naseDennnn.

Ekaterinburg

Umuzi unamagugu omlando ocebile, owagxila ezikhathini zikaPetru. Konke kwaqala ukwakhiwa kwesitshalo se-metallurgical for smelting insimbi nensimbi ngo-1723. Umsunguli oyinhloko wayengummeli owaziwa kahle, u-economist nomqondisi-geographer-isazi-mlando uTatchchev Vasily Nikitich. Kwakukhona futhi abaphikisana nale nkampani, phakathi kwazo igama le-industrialist waseRashiya uDemidov Nikita elibizwa ngokuthi, wabeka indawo kaTatishchev, owagcina esuswa kuzo zonke izimo. Ngalesosikhathi uTatishchev wayengalindelekile ukuthi usekelwa yi-engineer evelele yaseJalimane uGeorg Wilhelm de Gennin, owaqhubeka nomsebenzi wakhe.

Ngemva kwesikhashana isitshalo sakhiwa futhi saqala ukusebenza. Ngenxa yokuthi lalifana nenqaba enamandla, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi idolobha laqanjwa ngokuthi uCatherine.

Isikhumbuzo seTatishchev noDe Gennin (Yekaterinburg) safakwa kulo muzi ngo-Agasti 14, 1998. Isigxobo esiphezulu seBasebenzi, lapho lesi sikhumbuzo simele khona, sesivele sashintsha igama layo, kwakuyiKathedral, khona-ke iSonto kanye noCatherine. Ukuvulwa kwetshe lesikhumbuzo kwaphelelwa yisikhathi ukuze kuhambisane neminyaka engu-275 yomlando wedolobha.

Isikhumbuzo sikaTatishchev noDe Gennin (iYekaterinburg) sakhiwa nge-bronze, esasikhiqizwa ngokwemvelo esitshalweni esidumile sase-Ural, okuthiwa u-Uralmash. Umbhali walo wayengumculi ohlonishwayo we-RSFSR nomdwebi uP. P. Chusovitin. Okuthakazelisayo kakhulu ukuthi yena ngokwakhe wazalwa esifundeni saseSverdlovsk esifundeni saseBeloyarsk edolobheni laseShiplevo.

Isikhumbuzo seTatischev ne-Gennin: incazelo

Lesi sikhumbuzo singenye yezindawo ezidumile kakhulu enhloko-dolobha yase-Ural, ehlangene ngokuphelele emzimbeni wendawo yokwakha. Liyisikhumbuzo se-monolithic, esiqoqiwe kusuka ezingxenyeni ezihlukene ezingu-19. Esikhumulweni ngokwazo siboniswa kusuka kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla ku-Gennin esikhwameni esinezikhumba kanye noTatishchev nge-wig.

Abanye izazi-mlando zendawo bathi lezi zinhlamvu ezimbili azizange zithandane. Noma kunjalo, lokhu akuzange kuvimbele ukuwabonisa ndawonye, ngoba benza into efanayo kanye nemisebenzi yabo bathola impendulo ezinhliziyweni zabantu bendawo hhayi nje kuphela. Namuhla, i-Square of Labour kanye nomuzi ngokwawo awukwazi ukucabanga ngaphandle kwalesi sikhumbuzo.

I-Tatischev

Umndeni wakwaTatischev ususelwe kuhlobo lweRyurikov. UTatishchev wazalwa ngo-Ephreli 19, 1686 esifundeni sasePsykov kanti eneminyaka engu-7 wayesevele e-cadet ngaphansi kuka-Ivan V (Romanov). Wabe esemkhonza e-Azov dragoon regiment, enza izabelo zePeter I, owahlanganyela e-Northern War, empini ngasePoltava nasemkhankasweni wePrut. Wabe eseqhubeka nemfundo eSikoleni Sezobunjiniyela Nezikhali E-Moscow, wakhonza ePetersburg futhi wathola ulwazi lwakhe eJalimane. Waba yinkampani yokuqala yokubhala incwadi yaseRussia. Wabe eseqokelwa ukuphatha amabhizinisi ezimayini wase-Urals, lapho azibonakalisa khona njengomnotho wezomnotho. Ngokuvamile, uTatishchev, ngaphezu kweYekaterinburg, wazala imizi enjenge-Orenburg, iStvropol, i-Orsk, i-Chelyabinsk, i-Perm.

Ngayo yonke imfanelo yakhe kanye nemiklomelo, akazange aphunyuke enkundleni yezindlovu, futhi wathunyelwa ukuze aphile impilo yomndeni eBoldino. Ukufa wayekubone ngaphambili futhi waze wayala ukuba ahlume ithuna lakhe kusengaphambili. Ngosuku olwedlule ngaphambi kokufa kwakhe, kwafika umthumeli ovela eSt. Petersburg ngesigwebo esivela kumphathi ngokuthethelela kwakhe kanye nesitifiketi sokunikezela i-Order ka-Alexander Nevsky, kodwa uTatishchev wabuyisela lo myalelo, ebonisa ukuthi ufile. Ngakusasa wabiza umpristi kuye, wathatha isidlo futhi wafa. Lokhu kwenzeka ngoJulayi 15, 1750, umzimba wakhe wangcwatshwa emathuneni kaKhisimusi.

De Gennin

U-Born Georg Wilhelm de Gennin ngo-Okthoba 11, 1665, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi yi-Lower Saxony, noma eSiegen. ERussia, wawela ngesicelo sikaGeneral F. Ya. Lefort futhi wahlanganyela eNkundleni YaseNyakatho emasotja e-artillery njengesiqiniseko se-engineer. Wayengumjiniyela wezempi waseRussia waseJalimane (kwezinye izizinda - ezivela emdabu waseDashi), umlotha-jikelele, umngane kaPeter I.

Ngo-1719 waya kolunye uhambo, lapho ethola khona ulwazi olubalulekile ekuhloleni nasekutadisheni izitshalo zezintaba. Futhi waletha abafundisi abangu-16 besuka lapho baya eRussia ukuze baqale ukukhiqizwa komshini.

Ngo-1723, ngesisekelo somyalo wakhe wokuphatha, u-De Gennin wathola imvume yokwakha isitshalo esibizwa ngokuthi u-Catherine I. Ukwakhiwa kwakuhilela amasosha ezinkambiso zempi kanye namagundane, abalimi basekhaya nabasosha abavela ezigodini zezifundazwe nezifundazwe.

Lesi sitshalo saqalwa engxenyeni yesibili kaNovemba 1723. Sekuyiminyaka eyi-12 yomsebenzi wakhe kule ndawo, jikelele wakha amafemu ayisishiyagalolunye, kuhlanganise no-Yoshihinsky, owaba yi-Perm-idolobha.

Kusukela ngo-1734, wayehlala eSt. Petersburg, wayephethe izimboni zezingalo, owodwa kuphela owayenelungelo lokubika izindaba zeMpress Anna Ioannovna ngokwakhe. Wayehlanganyela ekwakheni kabusha izimboni zezikhali eSestroretsk naseTula. Wafa ngo-Ephreli 12, 1750.

Lezi yizinhlawulo ezihlukene zalaba basebenzi abakhulu. Isikhumbuzo seTatischev naseGennin (e-Ekaterinburg) sekuyisikhathi eside sikhangwa umuzi, lapho zonke izivakashi nezivakashi zalo zihamba kuqala.