Isilinganiso amalungelo abantu kanye namanye amagatsha komthetho: incazelo, izibonelo kanye umsebenzi

Ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu - kuyinqubo eziyinkimbinkimbi okudinga ukulungiswa njalo. Lokhu mqondo wafakwa emuva ezikhathini zasendulo, lapho uthi asanda ithoma ukwakheka ngesimo isakhiwo ngalokulingene. Iphuzu eliyinhloko ukuthi umsebenzi yiliphi izwe ukuhlanganiswa kanye nokudidiyela inkampani ukuba afinyelele imigomo ethile esikhathini esizayo. Lomsebenti ungahlanganiswa igcwaliseke kuphela uma kukhona umlamuli losebenta kahle lokuxhumana komphakathi. usuku okunjalo ilungile.

Lonke uhlelo lomthetho uhlukaniswe imikhakha ehlukene, ngamunye esithinta ubudlelwano iyunifomu omthetho asuke phakathi izifundo ezithile. Uma siyiqaphele ikakhulukazi Russian Federation, ezweni lakithi kukhona amagatsha amaningi. Enye indawo ebanzi kakhulu futhi ephumelelayo kunokuba aye empini. Le ndawo wesi inomlando omude kumiswa kanye nemisebenzi ethize sokusebenza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umthetho civil isebenza eduze namanye amagatsha. Isilinganiso amalungelo abantu kanye nezinye imikhakha nobudlelwane bokuhlalisana Sinesithakazelo esikhulu kule wezesayensi. Ngakho-ke, lesi sici sizoxoxa ngokuningiliziwe kamuva kulesi sihloko.

Umqondo we-civil umthetho sphere

Ngaphambi kokucabangela ubuhlobo komthetho we-civil kanye kwamanye amagatsha komthetho, kubalulekile ukuthola izici zinhlelo ezimbalwa esengizibalile. Ezinye zezindawo eziningi isiqondiso wezomthetho komthetho we-civil ivelele kakhulu, ngoba eduze kakhulu ezihlobene nokuphila nsuku zonke zonke izakhamuzi zaseRussia. umqondo nezimfundiso ephawula komthetho we-civil, njengoba isethi eqondile imithetho zomthetho elawula ubuhlobo okungezona impahla yemvelo, kanye zonke ezihambisana ubudlelwane impahla. Yegatsha kungokwalabo sphere yangasese kohlelo lomthetho.

History of the umkhakha

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi komthetho we-civil sidalwe abameli laseRoma lasendulo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, inani elikhulu umkhakha olwesimanje kakhulu, kanye nemithetho ephathelene nalokho, eyabekwa. Ukunqoba zoMbuso WaseRoma bakhona uhlukanise isimo zibe izingxenye ezimbili zaholela yokuthi komthetho we-civil zasakazekela kulo lonke izwe. Njengengxenye komthetho we-civil yezinye izinhlelo zomthetho zishintshe. Nendawo ka umthetho civil Russian wathola uhlelo lwayo lokusebenza. Esikhathini esiyiminyaka we Russian Empire State bafuna indlela esebenza wokuxhumanisa ubudlelwane isibopho. Enjalo, njengoba siyaqonda ke, isibe kwesokudla civil. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi uqala Ukuthuthukiswa okusheshayo le mboni.

Into isakhiwo komthetho we-civil

Noma yimuphi umthethonqubo wezomthetho ubudlelwane umkhakha yezenhlalakahle onesabelo ayo into. Ngesisekelo le isici kungembula isilinganiso amalungelo ezakhamuzi ne kwamanye amagatsha komthetho. Kulokhu, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi isihloko kungenxa yokuthi kukhona umkhakha wezomthetho. Into Ukwakheka amalungelo abantu livikeleke umtsetfo lokhona, okungukuthi Article 128 Code Civil. Ngokusho lokhu kuyinsakavukela, ubudlelwane kuboniswe ukulawulwa engavela mayelana:

• izinto (ezithathekayo, sakhiwo, umhlaba, amanzi, izinto consumable, njll ...);
• amalungelo imvelo impahla;
• izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zomsebenzi kanye nezinsizakalo.

Omunye sites ezikhethekile kakhulu namuhla imiphumela yomsebenzi bokusungula womuntu. Okwazekayo, isigaba ukubizwa ngokuthi empahla. Into kuwumphumela athile lokudala, umbhali, ezesayensi kanye nezinye imisebenzi yomuntu.

Ngokuqondene nobuhlobo of civil amagatsha komthetho, basuke eyakhelwe ukulingana, ukuzimela intando uzibuse tonkhe tifundvo ngothi lwawo. Ngamanye amazwi, inqubo ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinhlangano ngaphakathi kohlaka olunikezwa kwenkululeko isiqondiso kusekelwe isimiso optionality.

Indima umkhakha lwetemtsetfo

umthetho Civil kubaluleke kakhulu hhayi nje kuphela umongo ukulawulwa ubudlelwane ezithile, kodwa futhi lonke umthetho ngaphandle kokukhetha, isakhiwo WaseRussia. Kulokhu sikhuluma obukhethekile ezinye izindawo komthetho we-civil. Isilinganiso amalungelo abantu kanye namanye amagatsha komthetho Sekuyisikhathi eside uphikise ososayensi. It inqatshelwe kakhulu kungenzeka ukuxhumana phakathi umkhakha, okuyinto kungokwenkampani isici yangasese kohlelo. Kodwa ngenxa Dynamics Ukuzila kwenyanga ubudlelwano zonke izinhlobo civil ubuhlobo umthetho namanye amagatsha komthetho ukunqabela akunandaba mqondo. Kulokhu, kukhona umbuzo esinengqondo: "? Yiziphi izici eziqondile okumelwe nokuxhumana komthetho we-civil yesimanje" Kukhona ukubukwa okuningi ku lezi zinkinga, kodwa ngisho imibono ezingenakubalwa kungembula isitatimende zakudala kakhulu. Ngokusho lokhu kwesokudla civil kuyinto okuhlobene kule mikhakha elandelayo, okuyilezi:

• umndeni kanye nomsebenzi;
• wezimali;
• abaphathi;
• ibhizinisi.

Ukuze uqonde izimiso kanye okushiwo nokuxhumana, kubalulekile ukuba sicabangele ngayinye imelelwa block isisekelo.

Isilinganiso ezamasosha zabasebenzi nomndeni umthetho

Mayelana umndeni ososayensi umkhakha isiqondiso ukuzimela phikisana iminyaka eminingi. Ngokuphambene nombono eziningi ezithuthukayo, iyingxenye umthetho civil, nakuba has nohlaka yayo ngezomthetho. Lokhu kuthambekela sihlehlela emuva ngezikhathi zeRoma. Kumthetho wamademeshe ngesikhathi umndeni civil imikhakha babengamathe nolimi. Iphuzu eliyinhloko ukuthi sphere civil kuqinisa izinhlinzeko zoMthetho wamaZinga ukuzimela kwendaba ngayinye, indima enkulu udumo lwakhe, isithunzi, idumela nokunye. N. Kwethulwa izikhungo kakhulu lidlule ku umthetho umndeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imboni kusekelwe isimiso kokungenela ubuncane ingxenye kwamaZwe ngokwamazinga inqubo esemthethweni, okuyinto nakho kuvele komthetho we-civil.

Umkhakha zabasebenzi ngendlela efanayo ukuze umthetho civil. Nokho, isimiso sokuthi yokuzimela kanye ukulingana amaqembu namuhla sinqamukile emthethweni zabasebenzi. umthetho yamanje usungula inqwaba izikhundla igunya ngqo umqashi. Nokho, umthetho civil kusiza abantu abaningi ukuvikela inkululeko yokuzimela ngo-ubuhlobo uhlamvu oluthile.

Isilinganiso komthetho we-civil kanye nemithetho ephathelene nokulawulwa kwezimali kanye

isimiso somthetho Russian ihlukaniswe yaba izingxenye ezimbili: kwasobala nokwabantu ngabanye. Administrative futhi umthetho wezimali ezihlobana element lokuqala, futhi civil - neyesibili. Kunengqondo ukuphetha ngokuthi i-ratio emelelwa izimboni, eqinisweni, akunakwenzeka. Nokho, umthetho zokuphatha exhunywe ne kuncike civil ukuba isiqondiso. Ngemva legatsha lokuqala wokuxhumanisa ubudlelwane phakathi abadlali ahlukahlukene ngokusebenzisa iziqondiso ezingokomthetho. Lolu hlobo izimiso peremptory ingatholakala umthetho civil, lapho zikhona izinto eziningi ezincane. Ngokuqondene nobuhlobo ne umkhakha wezezimali, it is engavimba Isigaba 2 se-Code Civil, owawuthi komthetho we-civil asisebenzi ubudlelwano ezivukayo ngesisekelo ukusatshalaliswa kwezimali isimo. Nokho, isici yangasese kohlelo lomthetho kungahle kube khona ezimweni lapho imali yomphakathi uye abe ingxenye, isibonelo, isibopho, nokunye. D.

umthetho Commercial kanye civil

Elinye iphuzu kombango isilinganiso abamabhizinisi kanye komthetho we-civil. Bobabili kwenkululeko isiqondiso ngaphakathi isici yangasese kohlelo lomthetho. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kuba emthethweni civil kokuba izinto eziyisisekelo ibhizinisi njengenhlangano kwemisetjenzana yokuzijamela neziqondile. Ngenxa yalokho, lo kumkhakha wetemnotfo wahlukana komthetho we-civil ngu okuvela kuncike yayo, izindlela kanye nezimiso. Yiqiniso, esigabeni kunomthelela kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni ubudlelwane emkhakheni webhizinisi.

Umqondo civil umthetho zenqubo. imisebenzi

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi imininingwane komthetho we-civil kusho indima enkulu inkantolo ekuxazululeni izimpikiswano ezithile ezivukayo okungaphansi kwenkululeko enikeziwe. Leli qiniso kuye kwaholela ukuvela kwezindaba komthetho we-civil zenqubo. Lokhu umkhakha iqoqo kwezinkambiso zomthetho esilawula ubudlelwane hlangana kwamakhotho kanye nezinye izinhlangano ukukhiqiza. Imisebenzi esemqoka kokuqhutshwa civil kukhona ezindaweni ezilandelayo womsebenzi, okuyilezi:

• iyala inqubo yobulungisa;
• ukuqinisekisa ukulingana izikhali e ezindabeni zomphakathi;
• ukuhlanganisa ezingeni normative amalungelo ayisisekelo nomangali izinkantolo.

Isilinganiso komthetho we-civil zenqubo namanye amagatsha

Zonke ukulawulwa zezomthetho sphere namuhla ekhona nihlanganyele. Yingakho isilinganiso kwecala lamademeshe ungabahlukanisa kusuka kwamanye amagatsha komthetho. Inqubo esicishe baxhumana izimboni ezilandelayo:

• komthetho we-civil;
• umthetho kwezomnotho zenqubo;
• sphere umndeni.

Isilinganiso ye GPP namanye amagatsha komthetho kusekelwe kungenzeka ucabanga ngaleyo noma ezinye izimpikiswano ngendlela ke ekuqhutshweni civil.

isiphetho

Ngakho, sahlola umqondo amalungelo abantu, ukuxhumana nezinye izimboni ethulwa kwenkululeko isiqondiso kanye nezinye izici zalo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi komthetho we-civil manje esikhathini entsha kabusha kwekhoyili. Ngakho-ke, esikhathini esifushane kungenzeka ukuguqulwa egcwele izikhungo komthetho we-civil ezaziwayo.