Ubudlelwane Property: umthetho, imigomo, izibonelo

Lesi sihloko ukubuka, hhayi abathi ngoba ayisisekelo, okungase kafushane wachazwa njengomuntu "ilungelo kanye nobudlelwane impahla." (Njengoba ungase ucabange, neobzornoe ukuvezwa kuncike kudinga oda ezimbili yaba sezingeni elikhulu ivolumu isethulo kunaleso obukade Sibonisa kubafundi bethu.) Ngokuvumelana okushiwo isihloko, ingxoxo yethu okwengeziwe ngeke ezihlobene ubudlelwane ezithile volitional phakathi nezinhlelo ezihlukahlukene zomnotho wemakethe Russian. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uzobe ihlaziye maqondana nempahla ngefomu zabo zakudala, ngaphandle kucatshangelwa ukusetshenziswa noma ukudluliselwa izindlela zokukhiqiza.

Izinhlobo Impahla Relations

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ubuhlobo impahla zihlukaniswe izinhlobo ezimbili:

• ubufakazi bobunikazi komhlaba ukwakha izinhlangano ezithile ezingokomthetho;
• ngokuphathelene negunya ukuqalisa ushintsho komunye.

Iqembu lokuqala libona kanjani ubuhlobo ukushintsha umnikazi impahla, noma uhlobo impahla, kanye nokudluliswa yesikhashana wabantu bayo, intokozo kungeyena umnikazi (ezifana ukuqasha). Iqembu lesibili uyakucabangela ubudlelwano eyenziwe izinkontileka civil umthetho, ifa, kanye ifomu yesikhashana - nokunonophala ngokungenabulungisa emkhakheni wezomthetho.

isiqondiso wezomthetho sebuningini amafomu etholakala okungenhla izinhlobo ezimbili kwenzeke emphakathini luwumgogodla into zokutadisha "ilungelo kanye nobudlelwane impahla."

Futhi uma ucabanga kuhambisana isiqondiso zezomthetho ubuhlobo futhi kanjani ukubonisana Dynamics komnotho omkhulu, futhi kanjani ophenyweni? Singabona ukuthi ubuhlobo impahla libhekene uhlobo oluthile ukusatshalaliswa izimpahla, kuhlanganisa okushiwo kwezomnotho isimo. Ukusetshenziswa langempela wabo umphakathi kubonisa ukuthuthukiswa ikambisolawulo. Akumangalisi ukuthi ukwakheka ubudlelwane impahla nokuthuthukiswa ukungenisa kwabo endaweni emkhakheni wezomthetho dokhumenti, isb. E. leyehlukene (ngesikhathi instants ukulungisa noma impahla umbuso ushintsho izifundo ezithile).

indima impahla komthetho we-civil

Echaza ubudlelwane impahla avamileko, ingasi okungenani liphathwe komthetho we-civil. Njengoba igatsha central umthetho olawula kubo. Yiziphi impahla ubudlelwane kulawulwa umthetho civil? Kusobala ukuthi lezi zihlanganisa ezibonakalayo lezimpahla nemvelo, kodwa kuphela uma? Baphinde bathi nezinto eyaziwa ngisho kusukela komthetho wamaRoma ngokuthi "non-isikhumba." Izibonelo res enjalo sihlanganisa (non-isikhumba izinto), isibonelo, zifakwe ebhange futhi imiphumela yomsebenzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma nje ebhange yemvelo amalungelo izimangalo depositor ebhange ke umsebenzi kufanele umongo ubonisa yefomu lezimpahla.

Isigaba ubudlelwane impahla eyinqaba kunokuba ngisho ngakho zomthetho njengoba imvelo kwezomnotho.

I indzima lesembili ukulawulwa ubudlelwane angekho esidlangalaleni kwezomnotho ekuchumana ngokomlando futhi okusebenza kungokwalabo komthetho we-civil. Lokhu kubonakala eqinisweni lokuthi kuba (kwezinye izimo) ulawula nomndeni, futhi zabasebenzi ngenxa yokungabi bikho kwenaba ngezimo ikakhulukazi zomthetho elihambisana umbono komthetho.

Ubudlelwano impahla kanye non-impahla ubudlelwane

ubudlelwane Property, kanye njalo ezenzeka emhlabeni kubo non-impahla, eqinisweni, kukhona isihloko lunye, futhi komthetho we-civil. Sizobe ukukhuluma okuningi mayelana naleyo.

Izimo zengqondo kwezomnotho kanye zokuziphatha ephila ubuhlobo obuseduze nomunye (sikhuluma ubudlelwane non-impahla, okukhulunywe ngayo para. 1 Article 2 Code Civil, kulawulwa amalungelo copyright futhi ilayisensi). Kwesinye isenzakalo, kuvikeleka ngekwemtsetfo uyakuba necala amalungelo ezihlobene, ngokuyisisekelo okuyinto - zabo ukuze bakhonze izithakazelo abanikazi amalungelo ukuvikeleka uma banayo imiphumela yomsebenzi zabo zomqondo. Kwesinye - umthetho amalayisense, okuyinto ilawulwa uMthetho Federal of 08.08.2001, "Ngo namalayisense izinhlobo ezahlukene imisebenzi". Njengoba wazi, ngokusebenzisa amalayisense isimo ukhiqiza amarekhodi kanye zinciphise isibalo abadlali kwezomnotho e kwemikhakha ethile emnothweni. Federal amalayisense igunya unelungelo lokunikeza ukugunyazwa ukuze bafeze imisebenzi ethile kuyo yonke indawo yakwa-Russia, yesifunda, ngokulandelana, esifundeni.

ubudlelwane angaphatheki ngenxa umthetho inkontileka

Elinye iqembu ubudlelwane angaphatheki eyenziwe umthetho inkontileka. Ubudlelwane of ubudlelwano ezingokoqobo futhi angaphatheki kulokhu abekho esidlangalaleni, kodwa ivumelane ngaphezulu, ngoba njengoba impahla kanye non-impahla ubudlelwane eyenziwe kubo zisekelwe izimiso yokuzimela yentando, ukulingana ngokuzijamela ababambiqhaza, inkontileka ekwakhiweni izibopho mutual. Umshado onjalo nezimiso umthetho wangasese, lapho ngamunye abadlali - ngabanye, amaqembu, izinkampani - waqaphela imisebenzi yayo esebenzisa izivumelwano waphetha abalinganayo.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ubudlelwane yangasese-umthetho womabili amaqembu kanye nabantu ahlukene zizimele, ezizimele kanye uholwe nezinzuzo zazo siqu. Kulokhu, izinqubo zomthetho kucinisekiswe kanyekanye izimpokophelo emakethe izihloko eziningi. Kusolwa ukuthi ezingeni of ubudlelwano impahla ithonya ngqo isimo kukhawulwe noma akuvumelekile. Imibandela adingekayo ukuze ukuziphatha ngempumelelo imisebenzi yebhizinisi kanye zenkampani kuthiwa qualitatively kuchazwa futhi olwakhiwe ubudlelwane impahla. Ngakho-ke, umthetho zomphakathi kumele sihambisane izikhathi, silondoloze isimiso yobulungiswa kezokuhlalisana, umthengi izithakazelo futhi yokuncintisana okufanelekile.

Chaza izinto ngokuya emphakathini

Ngo ingxenye enkulu yayo ubudlelwane nempahla ngaphandle kwenkululeko komthetho we-civil endaweni amalungelo zomphakathi. Sikhuluma isimo kulawulwa iziphathimandla yesihloko bothile ngaphezu kobomunye. Ngokwesibonelo, ngo ukusebenza izindlela zezimali kanye intela isimo, isimiso kwakuwukuthi, futhi ngenxa yalokho, ayinikezi amalungelo angokomthetho alinganayo. Ngenxa yesizathu esifanayo, kwenkululeko ukulawulwa ubudlelwano komthetho we-civil iwe yokuphathwa komphakathi (isib, nesimo) impahla.

Ezingeni lombuso impahla ubudlelwane kubuswa ejensi kahulumeni efanele (esifushanisiwe - Federal Property Management Agency), kanye nalo lonke yesigungu mpo: zezinkonzo lesifunda neminyango eyinhloko.

Ukuze wazise emizimbeni executive iziphathimandla lesifunda maqondana balawule izimpahla kahulumeni ngesikhathi zezinkonzo zesifunda emnothweni ofundiswa irejista elihlanganisiwe lazo impahla isimo code endaweni evikelwe. Ebhukwini efanayo kulawulwa ukuphathwa kanye nokuchitha impahla kahulumeni, kuhlanganise umhlaba Isikhwama.

Izifunda: imisebenzi Ministry of Property Relations

Imisebenzi esemqoka ye-Ministry of Property Relations singalandela, esekelwe ingxoxo yethu umbiko wayo zamagama, ngasendleleni, esidlangalaleni. Ehlaselwa ubunjalo kwezomnotho imisebenzi yayo. Ngokwesibonelo, Ministry of Property Relations esifundeni laseMoscow, ngokuvumelana umbiko wayo wango, uyokwenza imisebenzi efana:

• Ukugcina iregista impahla kahulumeni, kuhlanganise namabhizinisi ebumbeneko, izikhungo zomphakathi, izinkampani ibhizinisi, ingcebo, akha yengcebo.
• Ukubhaliswa ukudluliswa kwempahla isimo enamathiselwe ilungelo lebhizinisi zezinkonzo, yesifunda (kaMasipala) impahla.
• Inventory komhlaba enisezweni impahla zesifunda, ngokulandelana, ne Russian Federation uMthetho Ikhodi Land.
• Zuza ubunikazi impahla ensimini. Lapho le ntandokazi kumabhizinisi inzuzo (JSC), abanesifiso inzuzo.
• Kulungisa balandise ubudlelwane impahla, nokulawula uhlelo lokuhlelwa kabusha imali ngaphezulu kwesabelomali lesifunda.
• Okuhambisa izakhiwo phakathi kwempahla kahulumeni, ezifundazweni nasekuphathweni komasipala.
• Izilawuli ukwabelana ogunyaziwe inhlokodolobha isitokwe ngokuhlanganyela izinkampani ekubeni endaweni komhiaba.
• Uqondisa amabhizinisi lesifunda ebumbeneko, izinhlangano zikahulumeni.
• Okuhambisa impahla lesifunda eyisakhamuzi.
• Kwenta zokuphatha komhlaba eka- emkhakheni.
• Leyemukelekile Kuye futhi uqaphe kohlelo azimele kwendawo impahla.

Njengoba ubona, Ministry of Property Relations kwendawo eMoscow ungumdlali asebenzayo kakhulu ezomnotho kulesi sifundazwe dolobha. Imisebenzi yaso kuhlelwa, siyafana nalokho inchubomgomo yembuso olulodwa emkhakheni bomhlaba nempahla ubudlelwane.

Abanye abantu babhekwe njengabezinye Dynamics of the umsebenzi wokukhonza nezibalo zawo ingatholakala izingxoxo eyanikezwa ikhanda layo - Andrei Vladimirovich Averkiyeva. Yena ngonyaka 27.11.2012 - UNgqongqoshe Impahla Relations we Region eMoscow. Njengoba ulandela kusukela interview, umbandela esiyinhloko ukuphumelela enkonzweni ngokomongo kokuntengantenga kwezimali emhlabeni wonke ingafika, ngokubambisana neNhlangano uhulumeni esifundeni laseMoscow ukuzinza endaweni yokuqala - in the state amabhizinisi ebumbeneko umsebenzi embonini yezokwakha, imisebenzi emgwaqweni.

Uma sithatha lonke isakhiwo of the ohambelana Russian Federal Agency (okusho Federal Property Management Agency), singabona ukuthi lonke imizimba yayo indawo wenze ngendlela efanayo. Okusho ukuthi kukhona izidumbu esiphezulu kahle kwemandla embuso futhi senze ngokuvumelana naso imithetho kahulumeni yesifunda.

Primary Rosimushchestva amayunithi

Okuxhunyanwa isixhumanisi indawo phambi kwethu ejensi kahulumeni yiyona umnyango kaMasipala of ubudlelwano impahla. lokhu ezingeni indawo. A uma sikhuluma isimo esikhulu impahla eziyinkimbinkimbi, kuba umnyango ekhethekile indawo of ubudlelwano impahla. Lezi amayunithi zisekelwe, ngokulandelana, RF Ministry Order N 233 sangomhla 12.09.2002 izinhloso nemisebenzi yabo yilezi:

• Ukuqinisekisa ubukhona yenqubomgomo isimo esisodwa ukuphathwa kwempahla.
• Ukuphathwa kanye nokuchitha impahla isimo, enikezwa inhlangano kahulumeni lapho, eqinisweni, wadala ukuphathwa indawo.
• Monitoring nokulawula ezidingekile zomthetho imisebenzi ukuhambisana asihlole.

Ake sicabangele umnyango kaMasipala of ubudlelwano impahla kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa imisebenzi eyenziwa yibo emkhakheni ukuphathwa kamasipala impahla. Uthwala ukuthi ukuhlaziywa kanye nokuqapha izinqubo lesifunda ngesisekelo imibhalo wathola mayelana uhlu izinto kwempahla isimo (ie irejista efanele) futhi ukushintsha isimo izinto esibekiwe kuzo. Indawo ekhethekile womsebenzi salo siyolandisa kuye ukulawula isimo lesifunda amabhizinisi ebumbeneko (GUPami). UMnyango avumela nemigomo yazo, uthola nezimpahla ezithathekayo, uhlele ukuthengiselana yabo yasebhange, ukuqapha ukusebenza kwabo, kanye nokudluliswa ingxenye inzuzo nesabelomali wendawo. indawo Lobalulekile umsebenzi emnyangweni unesibopho ukuhlela, umsebenzi ukulungiswa izinkontileka ukuthengiswa kwempahla kahulumeni, inhlangano ye ehloliwe isimo amabhizinisi ebumbeneko. Futhi, lolu phiko kwesakhiwo esihlelwe ukulawula umhlaba, ukuhlala ubunikazi isimo.

WokuLawula Impahla Relations we bentando indawo, is hhayi lwenziwa todvwa, it is eyenziwa ngokubambisana neminye iminyango kwezomnotho yemizimba lesifunda kwamandla esiphezulu. amayunithi Wendawo ye-Ministry of Property Relations babe kuhanjiswa double - inkonzo yakhe nesokuba isiGungu lesifunda thwi. Kuphela ngale ndlela kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle esiphezulu senhlangano ye nemisebenzi yabo.

Ukuthuthukisa nekusebenta isimo impahla isiqondiso

Ngokwemvelo, mission oyinhloko yokuphathwa komphakathi - ngempumelelo ubudlelwane impahla. Izibonelo zibonisa ukuthi okunqumayo e ukukhula komnotho isakhiwo. Kule ndaba, ukunakekelwa okukhethekile ikhokhelwa kuze impahla kamasipala. Njengoba kwaziwa kahle lihlanganisa kokubili impahla kanye izimali zasemizaneni nezindawo zasemaphandleni nezasemadolobheni. Le mpahla kungenziwa eklanyelwe:

• ukuqaliswa isimo iziphathimandla zikamasipala;
• ukusebenza abasebenzi bakaMasipala;
• ekuxazululeni izinkinga ezihlobene nokuhlinzekwa nemizana kamasipala.

Ngesisekelo methodological sokuba ukuhlaziywa nekusebenta ukusetshenziswa kwempahla state uMthetho № 131-FZ "On the Izimiso Local Self-UHulumeni Russian Federation." impahla kaMasipala engenisa imali zidluliselwa ku-amabhajethi wendawo.

kahle eziphawulwe ngenhla okunzima komthetho Ukufeza enkulu inikeza ukuthi kufanele wenzeni uma ngabe ubudlelwano impahla ziphuliwe. Izibonelo ubufakazi: esimweni sokungalandeli umthetho okuhloswe emizimbeni kamasipala okukhulunywa ngayo izigaba 2-4 Article 50 of Law 131, impahla elihlukanisiwe ezinye izinhlobo impahla. Inqubo kanye nesikhathi esibekelwe aphothulwe yale nqubo inquma omunye umthetho kahulumeni - ". On azimele zekhethelo kamasipala" № 178

Kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ukuvela, ukuqaliswa kanye nokumiswa ilungelo ubunikazi kamasipala, kanye nenqubo yokubhalisa impahla etholakala ke, njengoba kunqunywe Art. 50 FZ 131. Impendulo yombuzo, kulokho izinhlobo impahla ngokuvamile iba kamasipala. Okokuqala, lobumfihlo (ngenxa kwesimo sayo i wokutholakala ikhono ibe dolobha). Okwesibili, isimo (ngenxa impahla yayo ukuze udale umphakathi umphakathi ekhethekile indawo evumayo ukusebenza kanye Kutfutfukiswa kwemabhizinisi alabamnyama osendaweni ezibalulekile).

Isidingo ongoti nezwe kanye nempahla ubudlelwane

Umnotho wanamuhla umphakathi njalo uxhuma izinhlangano zawo futhi izakhamuzi kusukela izinhlobo ezahlukene ingcebo. Lena - isigaba ezibanzi kakhulu lapho umhlaba nezakhiwo ezehlukene kanye izakhiwo, futhi izibilini zalo. ukuhlanganiswa Ngempumelelo ingcebo umnotho wezwe, ekuzisingatheni ngokusebenzisa izinqumo kwezomnotho, ezobuchwepheshe nezokuphatha umsindo kuyinto umsebenzi odinga amakhono akhethekile. Lokhu okungenhla kuholele funa okukhethekile "nezwe kanye nempahla ubudlelwane" umnotho kazwelonke. On ngokucacile abakulo kungabonakala ngokuwafaka ohlwini kwezinye izinto iphrofayela ukuqeqeshwa: kokuhlaziywa imisebenzi, yokusungula lobuchwepheshe, ukuhlaziywa ezezimali nezomnotho lezinto, ukwakhiwa ezomnotho.

Ukuhlobana mkhakha nomthelela ukwamukelwa ngo-2008 we cadastre esinobunye amazwe, kanye ekupheleni 90s - amakhodi isimo. Umnotho kazwelonke manje uzizwa isidingo Ochwepheshe abanekhono kule iphrofayli.

impahla siqu

Lelinye lizinga of ubudlelwano impahla kuchazwa emthethweni civil. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kuze 1996, lapho i-Civil Nomkhaya Amakhodi, ezingeni eziphathelene ubudlelwane siqu kanye nempahla waba ingane yokutholwa. Personal ubudlelwane impahla, ngaleyo ndlela, yazuza incazelo ukubonga kwayo zanamuhla imvuselelo Russian yangasese umthetho theory. Ukuze impahla siqu ngokuvamile ezihlobene impahla yabantu (okungenani - yasendlini). Kulesisimo-ke, ngokuvamile kuba umbuzo kwempahla yasekhaya, izinto angahambisani imisebenzi yokukhiqiza. impahla siqu, njengoba kuqhathaniswa yangasese, umuntu lutholwa, hhayi simenze inzuzo, okuholela ukunyakaza unidirectional kwezimali zakhe. Uma yangasese kuvusa ngqo futhi ithuthukisa emakethe, siqu ngokungaqondile ukudala ukufunwa umkhiqizo wabo. Futhi babecabanga ukuthi ubuhlobo babantu ngabanye impahla neqhaza ukudalulwa ezithile igobolondo yangempela ubuntu ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zawo.

Le ndawo ubuhlobo eyinqaba siguqulwe ilungiselelo lomshado, bekulokhu incazelo eyengeziwe umthetho umndeni.

Impahla emthethweni umndeni

Ngakho, n. 1 tbsp. 33 kweKhodi Umkhaya Russian Federation, e ubudlelwano obusemthethweni phakathi kwabashadile Kumiswa ngokuhlanganyela (bezdolevoy) impahla umbuso. ubudlelwane impahla owakwakhe zinezikhathi impahla ezivamile (impahla ngokuhlanganyela) futhi siqu (ehlukile).

Article 34 kweKhodi Family inikeza uhlu amazwi okungokwakho impahla abashadayo, zitholwa isimo ngokuhlanganyela. Izingxenye abamelwe kukhona imali ngokuhlanganyela etholwe abashadayo kuleli zabasebenzi (ngomsebenzi nabanengqondo futhi ebhizinisi); izinhlobo ezahlukene izimali yokuphepha komphakathi; aluthola ngesikhathi engenayo Imininingwane etholwe nezimpahla ezithathekayo, awanakususwa; uma kungenjalo, ithengwa ngegama noma oshade naye.

Ukuze umbhangqwana impahla ahlukene kuhlanganisa:

• impahla ngamunye wabo, aluthola ngaphambi komshado;
• wathola ayezidinga lapho umshado ku isipho esikhethekile noma ifa;
• izinto ngokusetshenziswa komuntu (azinakho imigexo kanye nezinye izinto okunethezeka ezihlobene).

isiqondiso wezomthetho ubudlelwane impahla owakwakhe kuhilela ingxenye impahla yabo evamile kokubili ngenkathi beshadile noma usuhlakazekile umshado (noma ngokushesha noma ngaphakathi esiyiminyaka emithathu ngemva kwesehlukaniso). It wenziwa noma ngokuvumelana nesivumelwano notarized phakathi kwabo, noma ngokulandelana ezinkantolo. Article 39 kweKhodi Umkhaya Russian Federation kuhilela ukuhlukaniswa kwempahla ngokuhlanganyela ngokwakhona ilingana nalo ngamunye abashadayo.

isiphetho

Umphakathi ngeke kube khona kungekho ubudlelwane impahla. Bona ukungena, kwezomnotho, izici eziningi zezombusazwe zomthetho zokuphila kwanamuhla. ukuqaliswa yabo izithakazelo ukuvumelana eminye idinga nemakhono lasetulu. Isizathu sokuba eziphakeme kanjalo kuyinto impendulo ecacile. Izinga yesimanje ye isebenze ubudlelwane impahla kuphakamisa imijikelezo ezithile ekuphileni zezimiso zezenhlalo kanye Dynamics yabo semvelo sawo impahla izinsiza emphakathini. Esikhathini ijika, ukuthuthukiswa kulezi nakanjani abangele ukwenzangcono kanye nokwenza kahle isimiso somthetho sangaleso ubudlelwane impahla.