KumiswaImfundo yesibili nezikole

Isilinganiso se-Arctic Ocean sendawo ngezansi bese sezulu ukujula

Omele ezincane kunazo zonke izilwandle eMhlabeni - Arctic. Yambamba Insimu North Pole futhi izungezwe ezahlukene amaqembu amazwekazi. I-Arctic Ocean ukujula silinganiselwa 1225 amamitha. He is ocean engajulile kakhulu.

isikhundla

Akahambi angaphezu kwe-Arctic Circle ayesisebenzisa amanzi abandayo kanye ice ugeza ogwini amazwekazi, ama- futhi Greenland bevela enyakatho. I-Arctic Ocean ukujula avareji oluphakeme encane, kodwa amanzi kulo enomoya. Surface area - abayizigidi ezingu 14,75 amakhilomitha square, ivolumu - 18.070.000 cubic amakhilomitha. Isilinganiso se-Arctic Ocean ngamamitha ukujula - 1225, ngesikhathi iphuzu ejulile sise 5527 amamitha ngaphansi kwamanzi. Leli phuzu kungokwalabo umcengezi yoLwandle Greenland.

nentaba phansi

Mayelana kwalokho, lokho emaphakathi kanye ye-Arctic Ocean ukujula esiphezulu, ososayensi baye bathola kudala, kodwa lokho mayelana phansi impumuzo phezulu empini 1939-1945 cishe lutho ayikaziwa. Eminyakeni eyishumi edlule, ulwazi oluningi ahlukahlukene kwaba eqoqwe ngokusebenzisa uhambo ku icebreakers nemikhumbi-ngwenya. Ngo ukwakheka phansi eziyize esimaphakathi aqhelelene, zitholakala emhlabeni lolwandle onganakiwe.

Cishe isigamu endaweni elalihlala eshalofini ulwandle. Insimu isiRashiya, welula ukuba 1300 km ngaphezu komhlabathi. Eduze nogu lolwandle YaseYurophu eshalofini lishonile kakhulu futhi engalingani kakhulu. Kukhona iziphakamiso ukuthi kwenzeka ngaphansi kwethonya Pleistocene izinguzunga zeqhwa. Inombolo yomhlaba wonke yesikhungo kuyinto ukujula eziyize okusaqanda enkulu, okuyinto ihlukaniswe yokhalo University, kutholakale futhi wafunda kancane ngemva kwempi. Eurasia phakathi eshalofini wathi yokhalo welula umcengezi kabani ukujula eziphakathi kuka-4 6 km. Ngakolunye uhlangothi yokhalo welula eziyize yesibili, okuyinto 3400m ukujula.

Kusukela Pacific Arctic exhunywe iBering Strait, ziboshwe Atlantic ligijima le Sea Norwegian. Isakhiwo phansi kwesibopho ukuthuthukiswa olubanzi endaweni sogu lolwandle futhi kwamanzi ezwekazini. Lokhu kuchaza eliphansi kakhulu e-Arctic Ocean ukujula avareji - ezingaphezu kuka-40% we ndawo kungashonile kunesikhumba 200 m okunye sogu lolwandle ..

izimo zemvelo

Ocean sezulu kunqunywa isikhundla salo. sezulu elibuhlungu ubizwa zaba zimbi ngu omningi ice - ungqimba obukhulu akusho ancibilike wake abahlala engxenyeni ephakathi ye-umcengezi.

Unyaka wonke kule zasezindaweni Arctic ukuthuthukisa. Anticiklon asebenzayo ogxile ebusika, ngesikhathi ehlobo it is wathuthela kwalapho nge Pacific Ocean. Izishingishane nokuhlasela ensimini ka ehlobo. Ngenxa nalolu shintsho, neqhwa elisemaphethelweni enyakatho naseningizimu eshiwo ngokucacile ukwahlukahlukana umfutho womoya. Winter Uthatha Novemba kuya ku-April, ehlobo - kusuka ngoJuni kuze Agasti. Ngaphandle umsuka phezu zasezindaweni ocean lapha kaningi ukuhamba zasezindaweni ababevela ngaphandle.

Umbuso emoyeni ku-North Pole akuyona iyunifomu, kodwa ijubane ingaphezu 15 m / s cishe ingekho. Imimoya phezu Arctic Ocean advantageously abe ijubane 3-7 m / s.
Amazinga isilinganiso ebusika - +4 ukuba -40 ehlobo - 0 kuya +10 degrees Celsius.

amafu okuphansi has a PERIODICITY ezithile ngokuhamba konyaka. Ngesikhathi sasehlobo, amathuba amafu ongaphakeme ifinyelela 90-95% ebusika - 40-50%. Sula isibhakabhaka ejwayelekile esengeziwe nenkathi ebandayo. Summer fogs ziyinsakavukela, ngezinye izikhathi abazi nivukele ngesonto.

Imvula, okuvame ukuhlotshiswa ngayo kule ndawo - iqhwa. Izimvula cishe azenzeki, futhi uma, evame ngaphezulu nesithwathwa. Uwela ngonyaka 80-250 mm, esifundeni i-Yurophu enyakatho ye-Arctic Basin - kancane xaxa. Iqhwa uphansi, it is hhayi lonke elaseJapane nakwamanye amazwe. Ngezikhathi zasehlobo, iqhwa liyancibilika ngenkuthalo, ngezinye izikhathi uhamba ngokuphelele.

Isimo sokukhululeka ngokwenkolo esifundeni esimaphakathi athambile kunamafutha edolobheni (ngasogwini ingxenye Asian ezintaba zase-Eurasia naseNyakatho Melika). Amanzi zingene ofudumele we-Atlantic, akha isimo yonke indawo kwamanzi olwandle.

Biota

I-Arctic Ocean ukujula isilinganiso yanele ukuvela inqwaba yezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezihlukahlukene kwikholomu yakhe. Endaweni engase-Atlantic ngokuvamile Kutholwe inombolo ezihlukahlukene zezinhlanzi ezifana cod, ulwandle bass, i-herring, haddock, saithe. Esikhathini ocean kuhlale imikhomo, ikakhulukazi lwaseGreenland bese ezimthende.

Engxenyeni enkulu ye-Arctic azikho izihlahla, nakuba elisenyakatho yeRussia kanye Peninsula zaseScandinavia sikhule sonwele zikaphayini ngisho birch. Izitshalo zinokuphila okunempilo emathafeni emelelwa okusanhlamvu sigcwalisa izitsha, ulele, Kunezinhlobo eziningi birch, sedge, neminyezane yemifino. Summer sifushane, kodwa ebusika wukucwiliswa emisebeni yelanga, kuvusa umsebenzi ukukhula nokuthuthuka ye izitshalo. Inhlabathi kungenziwa sekuqala ukufudumala ezingqimbeni eliphezulu degrees 20, kanye nekwenyusa ongaphakeme lokushisa air izingqimba.

I engavamile we nezilwane ye-Arctic - ukulinganiselwa zinhlobo inala abameleli ngamunye wabo. I-Arctic - ekhaya amabhere, izimpungushe, onongwaja elimhlophe-izikhova, izinyoni, iqhude, partridges nezimfunda lemmings. Ezilwandle ashaya isilwane sasolwandle esikwaziyo futhi ukuphila ngaphandle ezweni esinamazinyo azingxavula nezinkomo, narwhals, izimvu zamanzi kanye Beluga imikhomo.

Akukhona nje isilinganiso kanye ye-Arctic Ocean ukujula esiphezulu inquma inani izilwane nezitshalo maqondana maphakathi nolwandle kunciphisa ukuminyana nokuchichima zinhlobo abahlala endaweni.

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