Isimiso subsidiarity, ukubonakaliswa yayo futhi ngokuyisisekelo

Complementarity isimiso kuyinto postulate methodological ekuqaleni washayelwa elikhulu physics Danish sefilosofi Niels Bohr maqondana emkhakheni quantum Mechanics. Complementarity Umgomo we Bohr, kungenzeka budalulwa kuphela ngoba ngisho ngaphambili, physics-German Kurt Godel ahlinzekwa isiphetho sakhe futhi kumagama theorem abadumile mayelana izakhiwo izinhlelo deductive, esiphathelene emkhakheni logic esisemthethweni. Niels Bohr selule eziphethweni ezinengqondo Gödel ku isihloko endaweni ka quantum Mechanics futhi washayelwa isimiso kanje: ukuze kahle ngokwanele ukwazi isihloko microcosm, kufanele zihlolwe kumasistimu ukuthi kukhona alizimele, okungukuthi, e ezinye izinhlelo. Le ncazelo, futhi waziwa ngokuthi isimiso complementarity e quantum Mechanics.

Isibonelo izixazululo ezinjalo izinkinga microcosm, kwaba ukucabangela izwe ngokomongo mbono ezimbili - wave nokuthi kuye kwaholela ukusebenza yesiteleka okutholakele kwezesayensi zembula kunendoda uhlobo ngokomzimba yokukhanya.

Niels Bohr e ukuqonda kwakhe kulesi siphetho akagcinanga lapho. Wenza umzamo ukuze ahumushe isimiso subsidiarity ekukhanyeni ulwazi zefilosofi, futhi kulapha lapho isimiso jikelele ozuza ukubaluleka ngokwesayensi. Manje, kumagama isimiso umsindo efana: ukuze, nokuzala into enombono ulwazi lwakhe uphawu (ongokomfanekiso) uhlelo, kubalulekile iphendukele imiqondo ezengeziwe nezigaba. Ngo ngaphezulu alula, isimiso complementarity kudinga ulwazi hhayi kuphela kungenzeka, kodwa kwezinye izimo ezidingekayo, ukusetshenziswa izinhlelo eziningana methodological ezivumela ukuze bathole imininingwane inhloso ngale ndaba. Umgomo we subsidiarity kulo mqondo, liye lahluleka njengoba kuyiqiniso isivumelwano izingathekiso amasistimu okunengqondo indlela - bangathumela azibonakali, futhi ngakho, ngendlela ehlukile. Ngakho, lapho kufika nasesifundvweni sekuvisisa lesi simiso, eqinisweni, ke waqaphela ukuthi logic of ulwazi akwanele, futhi ngenxa yalokho waqaphela njengoba evumelekile ukuziphatha engenangqondo ekwenzekeni locwaningo. Ekugcineni, isicelo isimiso Bohr lwabangela ushintsho okuphawulekayo emhlabeni yesayensi.

Kamuva Yu. M. Lotman enwetshiwe ukubaluleka methodological isimiso Bohr futhi waletha imithetho yayo emkhakheni isiko, ikakhulukazi osetshenziswayo ukuze incazelo semiotics isiko. Lotman washayelwa okubizwa ngokuthi "inani Imininingwane indida", ngokuyisisekelo elisemandleni yokuthi ukuphila komuntu ngokuyinhloko kwenzeka ezimweni kolwazi ukuntula. Futhi kakhulu ekuthuthukeni kwale ukwehluleka kuzokhulisa njalo. Ukusebenzisa isimiso complementarity, kungenzeka ukuze sivale lapho sisilela bikho kolwazi ilihumusha ibe ezahlukene semiotic (ongokomfanekiso) uhlelo. Le nqubo kuye kwaholela, eqinisweni, ukuvela computer science futhi cybernetics, bese-Inthanethi. Kamuva isimiso isebenze iye ukuqinisekisile nezimo bokuphila ubuchopho bomuntu ukuba lolu hlobo lokucabanga, kuba ngenxa asymmetry imisebenzi ama- yayo.

Elinye ilungiselelo, okuyinto ayengumlamuleli waso isenzo isimiso Bohr, lokuthi kuvulwa physics German Werner Heisenberg, umthetho maqondana ukungaqiniseki. isenzo sayo ingachazwa njenge ukuqashelwa ukungabi nakwenzeka kwento incazelo efanayo izinto ezimbili ukunemba esifanayo, uma lezi izinto okungezakho izinhlelo ezahlukene. Isifaniso zefilosofi ngemiphumela yalolu cwaningo kuye kwaholela Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn, ngubani emsebenzini wakhe "Ngo Ukuqinisekisa" kusho ukuthi ukuphasiswa ngokuqiniseka yini, kubalulekile kwezinye ukungabaza.

Ngakho, isimiso Bohr sika, imzuzele ezinkulukazi ukubaluleka methodological emikhakheni ehlukahlukene yolwazi ngokwesayensi.