Isazi sefilosofi Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn: Biography, ukuphila siqu, izingcaphuno

Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn - omunye sefilosofi brilliant kakhulu, nakuba futhi onekhono kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi; abamazanga bangesikhathi sakhe futhi bathinteka umphakathi, ayenakho nethonya elikhulu kumiswa izimiso yesimanje nemithetho yokucabanga. Wittgenstein kwaba owandulela Amathrendi okungenani ezintathu ezihlakaniphile zefilosofi - ezinhle okunengqondo, ifilosofi kwezilimi ekucwaningweni kolimi.

i-curriculum vitae

Austria futhi UK baye baba nethonya elikhulu ekuphileni futhi ifilosofi lesi sazi njengoba Ludwig Wittgenstein. Biography emfushane ebonisa ngokucacile lokhu. Okwazalelwa wesazi sefilosofi e Vienna kwelinye imikhaya edume kakhulu futhi ezinonileyo Empire Austro-Hungarian. Uyise wayengumGreki unjiniyela ezidumile Mogul, nonina kwakunjani kusukela umndeni yasendulo yamaJuda.

Njengoyise u-Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn waqala ukutadisha ubunjiniyela, ikakhulukazi, nesithakazelo ekwakheni amadivayisi ezibulalayo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu kwaholela kuye lenkinga izisekelo zefilosofi wezibalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona nezinye izinto nesithakazelo Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn. Biography ubonisa ukuthi wayezithanda umculo, ebaziwe, ubungcweti, izincwadi nezobuciko. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, Wittgenstein waya Cambridge, lapho aba ngiqeqeshwe nomsizi kamuva nomngani, sefilosofi esidumile uBertrand Russell.

Phakathi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, Wittgenstein bavuma ngokuzithandela ukwenza phambi, lapho lathunjwa. Phakathi nokuhlala kwakhe khona ngisekamu, wacishe aqede omunye imisebenzi yakhe edume kunazo zonke - "Tractatus Logico-philosophicus" - okuyinto kwaba nethonya elikhulu ekuthuthukiseni nefilosofi European futhi izwe. Ngemva kwalokho, wasebenza njengomfundisi esikoleni emzaneni ezejwayelekile. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, Wittgenstein uyaqaphela ukuthi ifilosofi yakhe ngokuyinhloko inamaphutha futhi kudingeka ukuba ngcono, ngakho waphinde wabuyela UK, njengoba eqhubeka ukusebenza indatshana yakhe, nakuba uprofesa wase-University of Cambridge.

Phakathi neMpi Yezwe II wayesebenza njengoba ehlelekile wezokwelapha, futhi ukwenza ngaphandle isiqondiso entsha - ifilosofi ulimi. Wittgenstein efa ngo-1953 esuka umdlavuza wendlala. Yonke imibono yakhe ifilosofi ulimi abangu kokushona kwakhe.

nefilosofi Sakudala Wittgenstein

Esemusha Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn asithandayo umsebenzi asebenzayo of tetemibhalo-ezibucayi avant-garde eVienna ne kwaba nesithakazelo emibonweni Karl Kraus - "Ithoshi" umagazini umhleli abasebenze ukwehlukana ukubaluleka kanye art langempela. nethonya elinamandla Wittgenstein futhi kwenzeke ukuba umqondo Frege futhi Russell, ngaphansi bani wayesebenza isikhathi eside. Kusukela kuqala zamukela le nkolelo umsebenzi propositional, ukubaluleka kweqiniso futhi umehluko semantic okubaluleke ukubaluleka izinkulumo ngolimi lwesibili - Ulimi ukuhlaziywa indlela ngendlela enengqondo, okubandakanya usesho amaqiniso "yama-athomu", kanye tincenye letitsite incazelo enengqondo wezibalo.

imibono Eyokuqala okunengqondo Wittgenstein BakaJehova babebizwa washayelwa e "idayari" yakhe lapho ekhuluma khona amathuba bacabanga entsha bese-syntax okunengqondo. Lezi imicabango yaba isisekelo sezinguqulo umsebenzi wakhe ukhiye kwalesi sikhathi - "Tractatus Logico-philosophicus".

"Tractatus Logico-philosophicus"

Lo msebenzi wakhe wanyatheliswa ngo-1921, kuqala German bese - ngesiNgisi. Le ncwadi ibizwa ebhalwe ngesimo aphorisms ahlukene ezisetshenziswa ekwelapheni imibono yakhe Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn. Izilinganiso ezibekwe eduze izibalo okuhambisanayo olukhombisa izinga lokuqakatheka esiqala we aphorism.

Naphezu ukufana ne imibono Russell Frege, le ncwadi ngezindlela eziningi eziyingqayizivele. Esikhathini indatshana kuphakamisa umbuzo wokuthi amathuba kanye imikhawulo ukucabanga, umlobi ihlanganisa imiqondo ukucabanga nolimi, ifilosofi efanayo izenzo isikhathi njengoba ngendlela ethile engavamile kohlaziyo ulimi ukugxekwa. Ngo umqondo Wittgenstein ekusetjentisweni kwelulwimi ukhonza njengelungu nesikhundla amaqiniso, okuyinto kungenzeka ngoba yangaphakathi isakhiwo okunomqondo ulimi. Le mfundiso ngisadlala indima ebalulekile wanamuhla waseNtshonalanga izinkomba bokusungula.

nefilosofi Late Wittgenstein sika

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn uye kucatshangwe kabusha isikhundla salo futhi wenqaba isakhiwo priori limi. Ubhekisela ezihlukahlukene amagama nemisho ezisetshenziswa ngolimi lwemvelo. Ngaphakathi accordance nga lo izwi lingenzeki kuphrojekthi ukubona ngengqondo isihloko, kuphela ukusetshenziswa emagama ngokuhambisana nemithetho ngokolimi usuthathelwa inani elithile.

Wittgenstein usebenza nge eside ezifana imidlalo yelulwimi, lapho wonke amazwi uthola incazelo yalo kuphela lapho kunezimo ezithile ezivela zifeziwe umdlalo. Wittgenstein futhi aveza isidingo ngokubuza imibuzo efanele. isikhundla Late Wittgenstein sika zefilosofi kuchazwa umsebenzi wakhe "Uphenyo Philosophical".

"Uphenyo Philosophical"

Incwadi yokugcina enkulu-ke wayesenza umsebenzi ku Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn. Philosophy kafushane echazwe kusukela esethulweni sencwadi, lapho khona umbhali uveza ukuthi kudingeka bacabangele lo msebenzi njengoba kuqhathaniswa "Tractatus".

Ngokungafani umsebenzi ngaphambili, "Uphenyo Philosophical" babe isitayela esingokwesiprofetho ihlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili. Ingxenye yokuqala ine isakhiwo elandelayo:

• Umqondo ulimi nencazelo yalo.
• Ukuhlaziywa epistemological nasemiqondweni ngokwengqondo.
• Ukuhlaziya izici wezizwe okukhulunywe ngawo ngaphambili imiqondo.

Ingxenye yesibili yale ncwadi esingaphansi isivimbo ine ukubukeka sidle. Lapha umlobi ukhuluma amazwi, ukubaluleka kanye umsebenzi wefilosofi kulezi zindaba zabo.

Lyudvig Vitgenshteyn - omunye zefilosofi oluyimfihlakalo kunalo lonke kwekhulu lamashumi amabili. Ngokungafani nabantu besikhathi sakhe, akakhulumi nje ukucabanga, kodwa futhi wahlala ngokuhambisana imibono yabo. Kwaba sibonga kuye ukuthi ifilosofi kwaba ifilosofi ulimi - isayensi uhlola indlela abantu abakubona futhi uchaze emhlabeni.