Isingeniso ukuze kwezilwane: izilwane nongenanembeza - ubani lo?

Umhlaba kwezilwane wehlukile futhi akumangalisi lokhu. Yehluka nomunye izici eziningi zezinto eziphilayo. Ngingathanda ukuba zihlale kubo uma izilwane ukuze lokushisa kuma futhi uthole: izilwane nongenanembeza - yilokhu?

imiqondo Jikelele

Ngo biology, kukhona nomqondo nongenanembeza (poikilothermic) no- (homeothermic) eziphilayo esinegazi elifudumele. Kukholakala izilwane nongenanembeza ukuthi - labo akuzona njalo futhi incike lokushisa kuma zomzimba. Esinegazi elifudumele, abanalo ukulutheka futhi kuhluke ukuqinisela lokushisa komzimba. Ngakho lokho izilwane zibizwa ngokuthi nongenanembeza?

A ezihlukahlukene izilwane nongenanembeza ka

Ngo kwezilwane izilwane nongenanembeza - lezi yizibonelo amakilasi aphansi ehleliwe kwezilwane. Lezi zihlanganisa yonke ezingenamgogodla futhi ezilwaneni ezinomgogodla ezinamehlo: inhlanzi, izilwane eziphila emanzini nasezweni, ezihuquzelayo. Ngaphandle kukhona izingwenya, nayo ezihuquzelayo. Ngaleso sikhathi samanje kulolu hlobo athwale olunye uhlobo lwezilwane ezincelisayo kwezine - a nqunu imvukuzane rat. Ukutadisha kwemvelo, ososayensi abaningi kuze kube muva nje ashiwo izibankwakazi nongenanembeza, futhi. Nokho, okwamanje samanje kukhona inkolelo yokuthi base uhlobo ezinegazi elifudumele ka thermoregulation inertial. Lokhu kusho ukuthi le midondoshiya lasendulo unekhono ithola bese ubamba ngenxa mass esikhulu ukushisa kwelanga, okuyinto wabavumela ukuba silondoloze lokushisa njalo.

Izici zokuphila

Nongenanembeza izilwane - leyo ngenxa kabi athuthukile isimiso sezinzwa babe uhlelo esingaphelele ukulawulwa izinqubo eziyisisekelo ezibalulekile emzimbeni. Ngenxa yalokho, umzimba izilwane nongenanembeza ka futhi ongaphakeme. Ngempela, kancane kakhulu ukuthi izilwane ezinegazi elifudumele (izikhathi 20-30). Uma izinga lokushisa komzimba ingaphezu kwe 1-2 degrees ezingeni lokushisa elifanele noma kulinganiswe nakho. Lokhu kwencika lilinganiselwe ngesikhathi futhi lihlotshaniswa ikhono ukuqoqa ukushisa kwelanga noma izinto futhi sekuqala ukufudumala ngenxa umsebenzi kwemisipha uma ngaphandle zigcinwe imingcele cishe njalo. Endabeni efanayo, lapho izinga lokushisa kwangaphandle lize liba ngaphansi kwe elikhulu, zonke izinqubo umzimba nasemakhazeni kancane. ukusabela lezilwane engasenamahloni, khumbula ukuwozela izimpukane, izimvemvane nezinyosi ekwindla. Lapho kukhona Ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa degrees ezimbili noma ngaphezulu uhlobo la magciwane awela torpor (basebusika), zinenkinga yokucindezeleka, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokufa.

seasonality

Emvelweni ezingaphili, kukhona nomqondo ushintsho isikhathi sonyaka. Lesi senzakalo kusezingeni liphinyiselwe ku Ezindaweni enyakatho futhi athokomele. Kasibili bonke eziphilayo aphendule lezi zinguquko. Nongenanembeza izilwane - izibonelo ezincwadini eziphilayo okushisa imvelo.

Ukuzijwayeza imvelo

Umsebenzi isiqongo nongenanembeza futhi eziyisisekelo zokuphila izinqubo (kokuzalela, imifanekiso, zizalela) ka ku isizini efudumele - entwasahlobo nasehlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, singakwazi ukubona yonke indawo eningi izinambuzane futhi ugcina ukuphila kwabo imijikelezo. Izindawo eduze-amanzi namanzi ungahlangana izilwane zasemhlabeni mass (amaxoxo) nenhlanzi at zokukhula ezihlukene.

Emahlathini nezimfunda ziba ezihuquzelayo wandile (izibankwa, izinyoka, izinyoka) nezizukulwane ezahlukene.

Njengoba sekunama-ekwindla noma ngasekupheleni kwehlobo izilwane ziqale ukwenza amalungiselelo okunzulu ebusika, okuyinto iningi labo kwenziwe simo sokuba utiligi. Ukuze hhayi bafe esikhathini abandayo, izinqubo ukulungiselela esitokisini kwezakhi emizimbeni yabo kwenzeke kahle kusengaphambili ngesikhathi sasehlobo. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana washintsha, kuba namanzi kancane futhi izingxenye ezingaphezu ziyoncibilika ukuthi kuzoqinisekisa inqubo ukusuthisa wonke ebusika. Nge nokuncipha lokushisa, izinga lokugayeka kokudla futhi kubambezela, ukusetshenziswa amandla kuyehla, elivumela nongenanembeza ukuchitha wonke ebusika e kulala kwasebusika, bengabheki mayelana ukukhiqizwa kokudla. Libuye yisinyathelo esibalulekile belungiselela izimo lokushisa enqabayo kuyinto ukwakhiwa avaliwe "isikhala" ebusika (imigodi, izimbobo, izindlu nokunye. D.). Zonke kulezi zinkanyezi bokuphila cyclical ngokwemvelo futhi aphindaphindwe unyaka nonyaka.

Lezi zinqubo futhi ngaphandle kwemibandela (azalwa naso) ikhaliphe zizuzwe ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane. Izilwane ukuthi ibhekane ukuguquka kwezakhi zofuzo ezithile e izakhi zofuzo ezibangela ukudluliselwa lolu lwazi, ufe kungakapheli onyakeni wokuqala wokuphila, futhi inzalo yabo ifa zalokhu kwephula umthetho futhi kube nezhiznesposbnym.

Umfutho basebusika emaqandeni ekubeni okwandisa izinga lokushisa emoyeni ezingeni edingekayo, okuyinto sici ekilasini ngalinye, futhi ngezinye izikhathi zakha.

Ngokusho imfundiso yokuziphendukela kwemvelo, izilwane nongenanembeza - kuyinto nezidalwa eliphansi, okwakuthe ngenxa yokungathathi ukuthuthukiswa ezibuthakathaka izindlela thermoregulatory isimiso sezinzwa futhi aluphelele.