Izimbongi Symbolist futhi umsebenzi wabo

Kufanekisa - movement etemibhalo eladabuka ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 eFrance futhi kusakazwe emazweni amaningi aseYurophu. Nokho, kuyinto afanekiselayo Russian isibe lomkhuba eziphawuleka kakhulu ngezinga elikhulu. Russian Symbolist izimbongi kwethulwa kule ndawo into entsha, okuyinto okwakungafanele e ababengaphambi zabo French. Kanyekanye ukubukeka kufanekisa uqala Isiliva Ubudala kwezincwadi Russian. Kodwa mangisho ukuthi eRussia kungafundwa eyodwa mkhuba modernist, kwakungekho ubunye imiqondo, omunye isitayela. Ukudala Symbolist izimbongi ngento eyodwa: ukungabethembi amazwi abavamile, isifiso esashiwo izimpawu allegories.

ageleze kufanekisa

Kuyinto ukunyakaza kwezincwadi isikhundla ngemibono kanye nesikhathi kumiswa libhekwa ngezigaba ezimbili. Uvele 1890s Symbolist izimbongi, uhlu okuhlanganisa izibalo ezifana Balmont, Gippius, Bryusov, Sologub, Merezhkovsky, kubhekiselwa kuzo 'njengamadoda abaphezulu ". Ngo 1900s zakuqala, isiqondiso ligcwele amabutho amasha, kakhulu ekushintsheni ukubukeka kwayo. Debut "junior" Symbolist izimbongi ezifana Ivanov, Blok, Bely. Igagasi ukugeleza yesibili ibizwa ngokuthi mladosimvolizmom.

Abameleli beNdikimba "amadala" esikoleni walithatha ukunyakaza etemibhalo ngokuya yobuhle. Balmont futhi Bruce waveza umqondo wokuthi imbongi - Ngokuyinhloko isidali amagugu luyingxenye kwezobuciko futhi zomuntu siqu. izimbongi "Omncane" ziye zakubona-aspect wenkolo nefilosofi. Philosophy, refracted e ukwazi esankondlo - okungukuthi, ngokombono wabo, lokhu kufanekisa. Poety Symbolist isizukulwane sesibili naye wayemele Sergeem Solovevym, Innokentiem Annenskim nabanye.

Symbolists "Omkhulu"

ERussia kuba ukunyakaza etemibhalo yamemezela ngokwayo ngasekupheleni 1890s. E-Moscow, at umsuka kufanekisa kwaba Valeriy Bryusov, futhi Petersburg - Dmitry Merezhkovsky. Nokho, omele yesiteleka kakhulu futhi ezinkulu ekuseni esikoleni lalifanekisela umuzi iNeva Wayengubani u-Alexander Dobrolyubov. Ongangeneki ahluke kubo bonke amaqembu modernist wadala umhlaba wakhe olusankondlo kungenye Russian symbolist imbongi - Fedor Sologub.

Kodwa mhlawumbe efundekayo kakhulu, zomculo sonorous ngesikhathi babe izinkondlo ngoKonstantin Balmont. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, kuthiwa ngokucacile ukuthi "ukufuna ukuvumelana" phakathi incazelo, ezinemibala egqamile nemisindo. imibono Okufanayo aye ahlangana Rimbaud futhi Baudelaire, futhi kamuva wakhonza izimbongi eziningi isiRashiya, ezifana Block, Bruce Khlebnikov, Kuzmin. Balmont nalolu sesho ukuvumelana kubonakala ikakhulukazi ukudalwa umbhalo umsindo-okusho - umculo, obeletha incazelo. Poet zvukopisi wathumba, waqala ukusebenzisa imisebenzi tiphawulo ezimibalabala esikhundleni sento, okuholela ukudala, njengoba kwenza ababeshisekela, cishe elingenalo okushiwo inkondlo. Nokho, lesi simo izinkondlo kwaholela ekugcineni ekwakhekeni imiqondo emisha olusankondlo, phakathi okuyinto melodeclamation, umbhedo, zvukopis.

"Omncane" Symbolist izimbongi

Isizukulwane we Symbolist izimbongi yesibili ukukudlulisela kothile, kuqala baqala ukunyathelisa 1900s. Phakathi kwabo kwakuno-kokubili ababhali abasebancane kakhulu, ezifana Andrey Bely, uSergei Solovyov, u-Alexander Blok nabantu abahloniphekile, isibonelo, usosayensi Vyacheslav Ivanov, umqondisi sokuzivocavoca Innokentiy Annensky.

Petersburg, esikhathini we "isikhungo" we kufanekisa uyisicaba Ivanov ekhoneni we Tauris emgwaqweni, lapho ngesinye isikhathi wayehlala M. Kuzmin, A. White, A. Mintslova, V. Khlebnikov, kwakukhona Berdyaev, Anna Akhmatova, Blok, Lunacharsky. E-Moscow Symbolist izimbongi bahlangana ibhodi isihloko yokushicilela endlini "Scorpion", umhleli oyinhloko we-okwakukhona Bryusov. Lapha okulungiselelwe izinhlelo edume kunazo edition symbolist - "Balance". Abasebenzi "Scorpions" babe abalobi ezifana K. Balmont, A. White, J. Baltrušaitis, A. Remizov, F. Sologub, Blok, M. Voloshin nabanye.

kufanekisa ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni

ERussia, ekupheleni 19 futhi ngasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20. Bekusikhathi yokushintsha, ukukhungatheka amabika belusizi nokungabaza. Phakathi nale nkathi, ayikwazanga kusobala ukuthi wayenomuzwa indlela oda ukufa-ezikhona emphakathini nakwezombangazwe. Lezi zenzakalo ayikwazanga kodwa ukuthonya izinkondlo Russian. Tinkondlo symbolist izimbongi abangu elixutshwe njengoba izimbongi labetibambile ukubukwa engqubuzanayo. Ngokwesibonelo, abalobi ezifana D. Merezhkovsky noN Minsky, ekuqaleni babe abameleli izinkondlo omthetho, futhi kamuva waqala ukugxila umbono walokho okubizwa ngokuthi "Umphakathi ezingokwenkolo" sibuye sithi "nkulunkulu wokwakha". Symbolists "Omkhulu" akazange aqaphele ngokoqobo emhlabeni ezungeze futhi wathi "cha." Ngakho, Bruce wabhala: "Angiboni ngokoqobo yethu, Angazi Ngasekuqaleni kwaleli khulu leminyaka ..." Abamele ekuseni engokoqobo zamanje waqhathanisa ezweni lokusungula namaphupho, lapho umuntu eba ngokuphelele, kodwa empeleni kuvezwa zomile, okubi futhi engenangqondo.

Kumqoka kakhulu izimbongi kwadingeka emisha kwezobuciko - ukuguqulela incazelo yamagama, imilolotelo ukuthuthukiswa, isigqi, nokunye okunjalo. Symbolists "Omkhulu" kwakungamadodana Impressionists abalwela ukuba adlulisele ukubona izimpawu ezifihlekile zesimo okuvelayo, izimo. Abazange wasebenzisa uhlelo kwezimpawu, kodwa izwi njengoba enjalo ilahlekelwe izindleko zayo futhi baba abalulekile kuphela izinga umsindo, amanothi omculo, isixhumanisi ku ukwakhiwa jikelele kule nkondlo.

izitayela ezintsha

Ngo 1901-1904 GG. waqala esigabeni esisha emlandweni kufanekisa, futhi kwaqondana ekuqubukeni komoya wokushisekela wamavukelambuso eRussia. yokungabaza eziphefumulelwe 1890s wakhala a umbono ka "ushintsho olukhulu ezimisweni". Ngalesi sikhathi, enkundleni etemibhalo uvele mladosimvolisty abangekho abalandeli imbongi uVladimir Solovyov, owabonile zezwe lakudala engcupheni ukufa, wathi futhi "ukulondoloza izwe" kumelwe ubuhle saphezulu ngokuxhuma ekuqaleni ekuphileni kwasezulwini indaba, yasemhlabeni. Ngo imisebenzi Symbolist izimbongi yaqala ukubonakala njalo ukubukwa, kodwa hhayi njengoba enjalo, kodwa njengendlela ukuhlonza kwemizwelo. Ngakho, emavesini njalo uhlangabezana incazelo autumn kabuhlungu abadangele isiRashiya, lapho ilanga lingaphumi, avalele izinkanyezi noma ajikijele emhlabathini nje edabukisayo imisebe okhanyayo ukhothamele kancane nokuhashazela kwamaqabunga, nakho konke ligubuzelwe ufasimbe Rippling.

Libuye umklamo Intandokazi symbolists "omncane" laliwumuzi. Bayibonisa njengoba ngumphefumulo ophilayo nge uhlamvu ayo, ne ifomu yakhe. Ngokuvamile-ke kwabonakala edolobheni njengendawo eshaqisayo, ukuhlanya, okuphambene uphawu futhi callousness.

Symbolists futhi Revolution

Ngo 1905-1907, lapho inguquko yaqala, umfanekiso kushintshiwe futhi. izimbongi abaningi baye basabela kulabo izenzakalo. Ngakho, Bruce wabhala inkondlo odumile "Coming Huns", okuyinto bamdumisa ukuphela kwezwe elidala, kodwa kwabalelwa kuye, futhi mina, futhi bonke abantu ababehlala kwenkathi ukufa, isiko elidala. Unit emsebenzini wabo ukwakha izithombe zomhlaba omusha wabantu. Ngo-1906 Sologub wanyathelisa incwadi "Motherland" zezinkondlo, futhi ngo-1907 Balmont wabhala uchungechunge izinkondlo, "Songs of the Avenger" - ukuqoqwa yanyatheliswa eParis futhi uvinjelwe eRussia.

Ukuwa kwe-kufanekisa

Ngalesi sikhathi-ke ushintshe ukuqonda bokubeka ezweni Symbolists. Uma wayekubonile ubuhle njengoba ngokuvumelana, kodwa manje ngabo wathola uxhumano oluxube abantu, nge izinxushunxushu ukulwa. Ekupheleni eyishumi yokuqala yekhulu lama-20, lokhu kufanekisa kwaba ziyancipha futhi ayisekho akunika amagama amasha. Zonke iphila, eyingqabavu, abasha base bekhona kakade kulo, nakuba kubonakala sengathi abanye izingcezu Namanje wadala izimbongi Symbolist.

Uhlu yezimbongi ezinkulu, emelela lalifanekisela izincwadi

• Innokentiy Annensky;
• Jurgis Baltrušaitis ;
• Valeriy Bryusov;
• UZinaida Gippius;
• Fedor Sologub;
• Konstantin Balmont;
• Alexander Tinyakov;
• Wilhelm Zorgenfrey;
• Alexander Dobrolyubov;
• Viktor Strazhev;
• Andrey Bely;
• Konstantin Fofanov;
• Vyacheslav Ivanov;
• Alexander Blok;
• Georgy Chulkov;
• Dmitry Merezhkovsky;
• Ivan Konevskaya;
• Vladimir Piast;
• Poliksena Soloveva;
• Ivan Rukavishnikov.