Izindaba UmphakathiIsiko

Isinyathelo Umbhoshongo Djoser uFaro (isithombe)

Buildings esakhiwe ngaphambi kwesikhathi sethu esivamile, angeke sehluleke ukuheha inzalo lwesintu zanamuhla. Umsolwa omdala izakhiwo ongaqondakali kubhekwa isinyathelo mbhoshongo, umtlamo okuyinto livele umakhi Imhotep. Lesi simangaliso sidalwe emuva 27 leminyaka BC, futhi negalelo elikhulu ekutadisheni wemiphakathi ephucuke endala. Yini mayelana isakhiwo ongaqondakali, egcwele ithuna likaFaro Djoser laziwe? Yini nge izinganekwane wakhe futhi amaqiniso ezihlobene?

Isinyathelo Pyramid - kuyini?

Izazi-mlando ziye zasungula ukuthi umklami Imhotep ekuqaleni okuhloswe zokwakha ithuna bendabuko elingunxande. Nokho, njengoba umsebenzi lo muntu wenza izinguquko iphrojekthi yakho, umphumela wokugcina owawungumnyaka isinyathelo mbhoshongo, esakhiwa amazinga 6. ukwakhiwa kwegama livela ifomu ukuthi usezuze.

Kungani Imhotep abake bayeka kwifomu wangenela? Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi awukhethayo kunqunywa incazelo imfihlo, evame zezinhlobo eziningi izakhiwo lasendulo. Izinyathelo wabonakalisa ummango beya ezulwini, okwakuyoholela, ngemva kokufa kwadingeka enze isinqumo esibonisa umbusi onamandla laseGibhithe.

Isinyathelo mbhoshongo - ukwakhiwa ongatholakala bayahlonishwa hhayi kuphela emazweni ase-Afrika. Excellent walondoloza basonta lolu hlobo ukwakhiwa, elise Central America. Noma kunjalo, ithuna likaFaro Djoser waba ngowokuqala futhi ngakho-ke uhlala esiyingqayizivele.

Indawo

Luhambo sidilizwa unyaka ngamunye izinkulungwane zezivakashi abanentshisekelo indlela ukufika kulo. Isinyathelo Pyramid, ezakhiwe Imhotep, ise "inhliziyo" eyinkimbinkimbi yokungcwaba Saqqara. Ngaphezu izakhiwo owaziwayo endaweni yamathuna, ungathola eziningi amathempeli amancane izindawo zokukhulekela. Cishe 30 km kusuka Sakkara lingumuzi bekhabo El Giza.

Isinyathelo mbhoshongo kaFaro Djoser cozily izungezwe onqenqemeni ithafa. Indawo umklamo grand wakhethwa kumdlali akuyona ngephutha. Abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi Imhotep umxhwele ukubukwa okumangalisayo Memphis. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngaphambi ukwakhiwa kwalesi sakhiwo le Emathuneni aseGibithe zamakhosi atholiwe kuphela endaweni, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i Abydos.

Ukuze uthole Saqqara kuyinto elula kakhulu, wenze uhambo, uma izivakashi Awunankinga ngesikhathi esinomkhawulo.

Yini mayelana Abadali kwemibhoshongo yaseGibhithe laziwe?

Isinyathelo mbhoshongo kaFaro Djoser immortalized umbusi waseGibhithe, lutho unongorwana okhethekileko iminyaka wokubusa kwakhe. Phakade wangena umlando isidali ukwakhiwa esiyingqayizivele - Imhotep. Lo muntu wayengumngane generalist usosayensi, wakhonza njengephayona ungqongqoshe umbusi waseGibithe.

Imhotep wakwazi ukuqhubeka umakhi lokuqala ogama lakhe labizwa ulotshwe esifanekisweni kombusi, yena ohlala kuso kuyakhulunywa ngaso eziyinkimbinkimbi nokungcwaba. Umlando awukwazanga ngokunembile usethe phakathi nokuphila lo muntu, kanye indawo ingcwaba lakhe. Ukushiya leli zwe, umakhi ukuthi nonkulunkulu bezinto ezingabonakali, abantu besikhathi wamemezela kuye unkulunkulu wezokwelapha. Kukhona izakhiwo zenkolo zasendulo, yaqanjwa Imhotep, ezinsukwini ubudala bakhangwa iziguli molivshih ngokuphulukisa. Statuette wezakhiwo, okwamanje kukhona phakathi nemibukiso ye Louvre.

Ukusebenzisa itshe

Isinyathelo Umbhoshongo Djoser at Saqqara liwukuphela kwesakhiwo ngqa eGibhithe, ekwakhiweni eye yasetshenziswa itshe. Zonke emathuneni ezakhiwa nge-adobe phambi ukubukeka inzalo Imhotep. Iningi kubo enyamalala ngaphambi kwesikhathi sethu esivamile, njengoba impahla asifanele le njongo.

Kodwa musa nje sizethembe umhlahlandlela, gcizelela ukuthi ufuna yokuthi lena enkulu isakhiwo sokuqala itshe emhlabeni. Ngaphambili, Cairn lamiswao isiFulentshi, ngokuvumelana abacwaningi, ubudala baso has eminyakeni engaphezu kuka 6000.

izigaba ukwakhiwa

Kwenzeka isimanga, lesi Pyramid Isinyathelo at Saqqara, kwakhiwa 4 izigaba, okuyinto naye waba uhlobo irekhodi emhlabeni yaseGibithe lasendulo. Naphezu isimo lapho namuhla uhlala design, esigabeni ngasinye ukwakhiwa yayo kulula ukulandela futhi manje. Lokhu kungenzeka ngenxa ezahlukene bamba ukucushwa amakamelo Umhubhe.

Umlando ukwakhiwa ongaqondakali owaqala ngokuvukela ukudalwa ethuneni elingunxande. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, indaba ka itshe wakhonza wakhe. Nokho, umphumela abalwamukelanga ufaro waseGibithe. Njengoba esikiselwa abacwaningi, inkinga kwaba ubukhulu sakhiwo esincane. Eyesibili isinyathelo - nesanda ukwakhiwa letingemadayimenshini ubude nobubanzi.

Isinyathelo Pyramid - yilokhu kwaba isakhiwo esigabeni sesithathu. It atholwe ezintathu ezengeziwe izengezo, ngenxa yokuba wabanjwa eziyizitezi ezine. UFaro wazithukuthelela waphinda neze, ngakho ethuneni elisanda zandiswa kwengezwa eziyizitezi ezimbili engenhla. Ukusebenzisa adobe isitini, abaseGibithe babengenakuphuza esesikwenzile lokhu. Akumangalisi ukuthi ukusetshenziswa itshe emva ukwakhiwa mbhoshongo at Saqqara bekulokhu vogue.

lobuchwepheshe

Ukuphakama imibhoshongo eziyisithupha has amamitha angaba ngu-60. Ukuze uqhathanise, inkomba efanayo ngesikhathi ibhilidi, okubandakanya 16 phansi, akuyona ezingaphezu kuka-43 metres. Izinhlaka base ayakhiwe ngu Djoser ngeke, kanye olunezinombolo amamitha 125 115. imiphumela emibi nemvelo, okwaphela amakhulu eminyaka uye phansi umklamo, sinciphise ubukhulu bayo.

aphoyintimenti

Ngokwesiko ethuneni izindlu kuphela izinsalela amakhosi waseGibhithe. Isinyathelo Umbhoshongo Djoser, isithombe okuyinto ungajabulela kulesi sihloko, kwaba wamavukelambuso kule ndaba. Laqala ukwakhiwa isiphephelo zokugcina hhayi kuphela inkosi ngokwayo, kodwa izingane namakhosikazi akhe,.

Izazi-mlando bakwazi ukuqinisekisa inani eliqondile abameleli lwamakhosi, ogama amathambo basala ngaphakathi mbhoshongo ngemva kokufa. Yini eyaziwayo wukuthi kwakukhona angaphezu kweshumi nambili. Ukutholakala ezithakazelisayo wawungowami, elise ohlangothini olusempumalanga. I yamanani kwabo amamitha 32 ukujula, kuyilapho shaft main, okuyinto wathatha umzimba koMbusi ukujula akuyona angaphezu kwangu-28 amamitha.

Abanye abacwaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lapho imiphini ongaqondakali abangu alungele dlo Djoser. Uma lo mbono uzobe ukuqinisekisile, kubonakala sengathi isibalo "abakhileyo" Ithuna okungaphezu engamakhulu. Futhi, kunabantu abathi ukuthi izimayini babe yindawo ngoba ingcebo. Ngebhadi-ke, kunzima ukusho, njengoba ukuhlaselwa ethuneni ukubaluleka ezazenziwa ngezikhathi zasendulo.

Imigudu komhlaba

Umbhoshongo Djoser, wadala ngaphansi kokuqondisa Imhotep, akuyona indawo emnandi ukungcebeleka. Kwake kwathi ngo-mhubhe, ubude baso ekuhlanganisweni idlula 5.5 km, ayikwazi ukuthola ophumayo. Ukuze uqhathanise: ethuneni Cheops Imigudu hlala hhayi ningi than amamitha ambalwa.

Yini ngaphakathi?

Ngokuvamile, abahambi abangakwazi ukubona imibhoshongo ngokubabazekayo ngaphakathi, zizwe bekhohliswa. Abanaso sibonise nemidwebo emibalabala, akukho mibhalo eqoshiwe engaqondakali. Isinyathelo Umbhoshongo Djoser, ngaphakathi okuyinto manje kunzima kakhulu ukuthola ngokwakho, nje musa ukuphoqa izivakashi zakho ukuba zidlule kudumazeka.

Izivakashi uzobe umxhwele, ukuthola ngokwabo gumbi lokungcwaba, izindonga zazo ehlotshiswe amathayili ezimibalabala (oluhlaza, oluluhlaza). Imikhiqizo ayesetshenziswa Ancient Egypt, ezifanayo ukuze tile yilolu suku. Yiqiniso, ngezinto zokwakha zesimanje neze ezisekhona iminyaka 4,600, kuyilapho tile adalwa Kunabantu abaningi basendulo, kulondeke kahle.

Uthakazelisa futhi yekwembesa lubondza bas-imifanekiso, ebonisa izithombe onkulunkulu baseGibhithe. Baye basinda kulokho zisesimweni ungcono tile, ngoba zitholakala phezu emabhuloki egwadle. Abavubukuli bathole Kusisiza nokuba sibone futhi kusele sarcophagus okuqondene kuFaro onamandla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, phakathi ungajabulela izithombe star emihlanu olucijile. AbaseGibithe ngesikhathi lolu phawu lihlotshaniswa abode efile.

Ungase futhi zibabaza ezintathu isithombe esiqoshiwe sase-nge ekumeni of Zoser. Umbusi waseGibhithe ukuboniswa yokutheleleka ngesikhathi sokubamba iqhaza lakhe emicikilishweni ethile yenkolo, ikhanda kaFaro is ethwele umqhele bendabuko.

Ulwazi izivakashi

Ezinye ukuphoxeka yisimo, okuyinto manje iwuMnyuziyamu Isinyathelo Umbhoshongo Djoser. Umakhi uye wakwazi ukwakha ukwakhiwa okuqinile, dozhivshuyu kuze kube namuhla, kodwa isimo sezulu kanye izigangi izenzo enkingeni kwakufanele nomthelela ku ukubukeka kwayo. Akumangalisi ukuthi isinqumo sikahulumeni evimbela entry khulula ku ezikhangayo. Okwamanje ngaphansi indlela ngomsebenzi wokwakha, ngakho lesikhumbuzo njalo lizungezwe yezinsiza.

Kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ukuze ubone ukuthi kuyinto ngaphakathi mbhoshongo ka Djoser, mhlawumbe. Lokhu kuzodinga kwemvume Izikhungo Antiquities laseGibhithe, kodwa kuzothatha isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ukuvakashela Saqqara iyatholakala nsuku zonke, ukungena endaweni yamathuna kungaba kusuka amahora 8 kuya ku-16. Okukhishiwe Ngalezo zinsuku, lapho eziyinkimbinkimbi ivaliwe ukuqinisekisa izimo umsebenzi abavubukuli. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi uhambo kufanele acacise ukuthi Saqqara izivakashi elivuliwe okwamanje.

Uma uya ukubona ingane amehlo Imhotep uqobo, asikwazi bayakhohlwa izimo zezulu. Chitha amahora ambalwa elangeni ngaphandle kunzima kakhulu aphephele ngaphakathi esakhiweni kungenzeka.

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